共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
试验旨在探究促红细胞生成素基因（EPO）、过氧化物酶体增殖剂激活受体α（PPARα）的遗传多样性,并分析其多态性与牦牛高原低氧适应性的相关性。采集不同海拔高度的6个牦牛类群（中甸牦牛、麦洼牦牛、斯布牦牛、类乌齐牦牛、帕里牦牛、申扎牦牛）以及三江黄牛共375头耳样,提取DNA并分别构建DNA池,采用直接测序法结合PCR-RFLP检测分析EPO、PPARα基因的多态性,最后应用SHEsis软件统计分析候选基因SNPs与牦牛高原适应性的相关性。结果表明,EPO基因存在3个SNPs位点：rs527G→A、rs1031A→T、rs1192T→C;PPARα基因存在3个SNPs位点：rs77363C→T、rs77471C→A和rs77534C→T。χ2适合性检验结果显示,EPO基因3个SNPs位点均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态;PPARα基因的rs77363C→T位点上,6个牦牛类群都处于平衡状态（P>0.05）,在PPARα基因的rs77471C→A和rs77534C→T位点,麦洼牦牛偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡（P<0.05）。单倍型分析得出,EPO基因的ATC单倍型在高海拔地区牦牛中的分布频率随海拔升高而升高;PPARα基因的TAC单倍型在6个牦牛类群中分布频率显著高于其他单倍型。研究表明,EPO、PPARα基因可作为牦牛适应高原环境的分子标记,为进一步探讨牦牛高原低氧适应性机制提供一定理论帮助。 相似文献
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本研究旨在揭示肺离子细胞相关蛋白ATP6V0D2在不同年龄组牦牛肺中的分布和表达特点,探索ATP6V0D2在牦牛肺适应高原低氧环境中的结构形成和可能调控作用。利用免疫组织化学,qRT-PCR和Western blot对初生、幼年、成年和老年4个年龄组牦牛肺中ATP6V0D2的准确分布位置及相对表达量进行研究。结果显示,ATP6V0D2主要分布在肺内支气管及其分支的管壁上皮黏膜层的纤毛细胞和克拉拉细胞中;在成年组和老年组呈强阳性表达,ATP6V0D2在不同年龄组牦牛肺中均有不同程度的表达,以初生组表达量最高,与其他3组相比较,差异性显著（P<0.05）。在蛋白水平上,ATP6V0D2在成年组中的表达量显著高于其他3组（P<0.05）;初生组、幼年组、老年组两两相比较,差异性均显著（P<0.05）。ATP6V0D2在不同年龄牦牛肺细支气管上皮细胞中均有表达,但不同年龄组间的表达存在显著差异（P<0.05）。肺离子细胞相关蛋白ATP6V0D2表达量的不同与牦牛肺对低氧环境的适应性过程有关,纤毛细胞和克拉拉细胞与肺离子细胞的功能具有相关性,在牦牛肺适应高原低氧环境、防止气道损伤或修复过程方面发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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Meat characteristics of Qinghai yak and semi-wild yak 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Six domestic yaks aged 6 years, comprising three culling male and three culling female yaks, from the Qinghai Lake area and three male semi‐wild yaks aged 6 months from Datong Yak Farm were used to detect the levels of amino acids, mineral elements, residual heavy metals and pesticides in yak meat. The results showed that there was little difference in amino acid levels for different types of yak by age and sex. The meat of the adult male yak was 7.35 mg/kg higher in calcium (P < 0.05) and 124 mg/kg higher in phosphorus (P < 0.01) than that of the adult female yak. There was an obvious difference in zinc content, and there was also a significant difference for copper and sulfur between adult male and female yaks (P < 0.01). Iron was 8.85 mg/kg higher in semi‐wild yaks than in domestic yaks, but there were no differences for other minerals. The levels of residual heavy metals and residual pesticides were well within those allowed by the National Standard of China. Furthermore, the data showed that introducing wild yak’s blood did not result in a quality change in the domestic yak meat. Yak meat from Qinghai Plateau has the characteristics of being non‐polluted and rich in amino acids in comparison with local yellow cattle meat. 相似文献
4.
牦牛乳中上皮粘蛋白MUC1的遗传多态性研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用SDS－PAGE研究了108头麦洼牦牛和98头九龙牦牛乳MUC1的生化遗传特性，结果表明；牦牛乳MUC1呈现出多态性，表现为一条或两条迁移率不同的区带。SAS－PAGE分析发现4种分子量的MUC1区带，依次为A：208kd,B;200kd,C:196kd,D185kd，分子量大于荷斯坦牛。麦洼牦牛MUC1基因座受A、B、C、D4个复等位基因支配，有9种基因型；九龙牦牛乳MUC1基因座受A、C、D3个复等位基因支配，显示5种基因型，两品种牦牛乳MUC1基因型分布差异极显著（P＜0.01），并且均偏离哈代－温伯格定律（P＜0.01），麦洼牦牛乳MUC1基因座遗传变异程序大于九龙牦牛。 相似文献
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【目的】 检测牦牛结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）和G蛋白调节诱导神经突增生家族亚型因子3（Gprin3）基因的单核苷酸多态性（SNP），并分析多态位点与牦牛体尺性状的关联性。【方法】 以西藏的斯布牦牛、帕里牦牛、类乌齐牦牛、申扎牦牛及四川的麦洼牦牛5个类群260头个体为研究对象，利用基因池筛选技术检测CTGF、Gprin3基因SNP位点，分析其多态信息含量、有效等位基因数、纯合度及杂合度等指标，利用最小二乘线性模型分析不同基因型与牦牛体尺性状的关联性。【结果】 牦牛CTGF基因存在3个SNPs位点，分别为T1537A、C2195T和C2421T，均位于内含子区，其中T1537A位点在斯布牦牛和麦洼牦牛中均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态，而在帕里牦牛、类乌齐牦牛和申扎牦牛中均偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态，该位点与牦牛体高呈显著相关（P<0.05）；C2195T位点在5个牦牛类群中均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态，且处于中度多态（0.25<PIC<0.5）；C2421T位点在5个牦牛类群中均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态，该位点与牦牛体重、体斜长、胸围、管围和前肢长均呈显著相关（P<0.05）。牦牛Gprin3基因共发现4个SNPs，分别为G310C、C414T、C1100T和G1213A，其中G310C、C414T及C1100T位点在5个牦牛类群中均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态；G1213A位点在类乌齐牦牛中偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态，在其余4个类群中均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态；G310C位点在5个牦牛类群中均处于低度多态（PIC<0.25），C414T和C1100T位点在类乌齐牦牛、斯布牦牛中均处于中度多态，G1213A位点在类乌齐牦牛中处于中度多态，在其余牦牛类群中为低度多态；C414T位点与牦牛体重、体高、体斜长和胸围均呈显著相关，而在斯布牦牛和申扎牦牛中C1100T位点与其胸围和前肢长均呈显著相关（P<0.05）。【结论】 牦牛CTGF和Gprin3基因具有丰富的多态性，CTGF基因T1537A、C2421T位点及Gprin3基因C414T、C1100T位点均与牦牛体尺性状有关，可作为影响生长发育性状的候选基因及基因座用于牦牛定向选育。 相似文献
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旨在研究血小板源性生长因子受体-β（PDGFR-β）在牦牛肺中的分布和表达,探讨牦牛肺对高原低氧环境的适应机制。采用免疫组织化学、Western-blot技术和qRT-PCR检测方法对新生、1岁、3岁及6岁牦牛肺中PDGFR-β的准确分布位置及表达量进行研究。结果显示：PDGFR-β主要分布在肺内支气管及其分支的上皮细胞、肺动脉血管内皮细胞及管壁平滑肌细胞中,其表达较强;少量分布在支气管管壁平滑肌细胞与肺泡隔细胞中,其表达较弱。在不同年龄段牦牛肺中PDGFR-β蛋白和mRNA也有不同程度的表达。在蛋白水平上,新生组极显著高于其他3组（P<0.01）;1岁组、3岁组、6岁组两两相比较,差异性不显著（P>0.05）。在mRNA表达水平上,以新生组的表达最强,与其他3组相比较,差异性极显著（P<0.01）;1岁组表达量极显著高于3岁组、6岁组（P<0.01）;6岁组显著高于3岁组（P<0.05）。试验表明,PDGFR-β在不同年龄牦牛气道和肺动脉发育及适应性结构的形成过程中均发挥作用,以新生到1岁龄之间的表现最为明显。 相似文献
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Z. Edea H. Dadi S.‐W. Kim J.‐H. Park G.‐H. Shin T. Dessie K.‐S. Kim 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2014,131(5):358-366
Despite the wide range of observed phenotypic diversities and adaptation to different ecological conditions, little has been studied regarding the genetics of adaptation in the genome of indigenous cattle breeds of developing countries. Here, we investigated the linkage disequilibrium (LD) and identified the subset of outlier loci that are highly differentiated among cattle populations adapted to different ecological conditions in Ethiopia. Specifically, we genotyped 47 unrelated animals sampled from high‐ versus low‐altitude environments using a Bovine 50K SNP BeadChip. Linkage disequilibrium was assessed using both D′ and r2 between adjacent SNPs. We calculated FST and heterozygosity at different significance levels as measures of genetic differentiation for each locus between high‐ and low‐altitude populations following the hierarchical island model approach. We identified 816 loci (p < 0.01) showing selection signals and are associated with genes that might have roles in local adaptation. Some of them are associated with candidate genes that are involved in metabolism (ATP2A3, CA2, MYO18B, SIK3, INPP4A, and IREB2), hypoxia response (BDNF, TFRC, and PML) and heat stress (PRKDC, CDK1, and TFDC). Average r2 and D′ values were 0.14 ± 0.21 and 0.57 ± 0.34, respectively, for a minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥ 0.05 and were found to increase with increasing MAF value. The outlier loci identified in the studied Ethiopian cattle populations indicate the presence of genetic variation produced/shaped by adaptation to different environmental conditions and provide a basis for further validation and functional analysis using a reasonable sample size and high‐density markers. 相似文献
8.
【目的】试验旨在对肃南牦牛进行群体遗传结构、选择信号分析和连续纯合片段(ROH)检测,挖掘肃南牦牛的种质特性相关基因。【方法】选择肃南牦牛、巴州牦牛、斯布牦牛、九龙牦牛和天祝白牦牛5个牦牛品种共计48头牦牛进行全基因组重测序,采用基因组变异检测流程(GATK)获得高质量的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)标记进行下游分析;对5个牦牛品种的基因型数据进行主成分分析、祖先成分分析和系统进化树分析以确定其群体结构;对5个牦牛群体进行ROH检测以及近交系数计算;采用综合单倍型评分(iHS)方法筛选共有高频ROH区域内受选择位点。【结果】5个牦牛品种共鉴定出15 092 883个SNPs,主要分布于内含子区域。亲缘关系计算结果显示,所有个体均不存在三代以内亲缘关系,满足后续分析要求。主成分分析表明,5个牦牛品种可以显著地分为5个类群,其中肃南牦牛群体内遗传变异较小。群体结构分析显示,肃南牦牛包含其他4种牦牛祖先成分,其中天祝白牦牛祖先成分所占的比例最大。ROH分析显示,5个牦牛品种共检测到8 426个ROHs片段,其中高频ROH区域421个。相比于其他4个牦牛品种,肃南牦牛的ROH片段总长度和数目最多,具有较高的连锁程度,其近交系数远大于其他牦牛群体。在肃南牦牛高频ROH区域上注释得到465个候选基因,主要富集到与机体发育、大脑形态形成、脂肪氧化相关的通路,包括胚胎骨骼系统形态发生、前后模式规范、甲状腺发育通路和Hippo通路,其中与胚胎发育及组织分化过程相关的基因有同源框A3(HOXA3)、HOXA5、HOXD3,与肉品质相关的基因有花生四烯酸12B (ALOX12B)、ALOX15B、ALOXE3,与中脑发育相关的基因为成纤维细胞生长因子8(FGF8)。在7号染色体1个高频ROH区域中(Chr7:12 661 870-13 045 935)鉴定到3个共享基因(核内不均一性核糖核蛋白K (HNRNPK)、驱动蛋白27(KIF27)、G激酶锚定蛋白1(GKAP1))与牦牛共有的高原适应性有关。对共有高频ROH区域内的位点进行iHS分析,鉴定到的受选择基因主要与抗病性、内质网分泌蛋白加工及细胞周期调节相关,包括N-α乙酰转移酶25(NAA25)、内质网分子伴侣29(ERP29)、跨膜蛋白16(TMEM116)、TRAF型锌指结构域蛋白1(TRAFD1)、HECT结构域E3泛素连接酶4(HECTD4)基因。【结论】本研究从全基因组水平系统评估肃南牦牛的遗传多样性和遗传背景,鉴定了肃南牦牛ROH区域内与表型相关的基因,并重点挖掘了与其他牦牛品种共享高频ROH区域内的受选择基因,为肃南牦牛种质资源开发、利用提供了重要理论依据。 相似文献
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Lizhuang Hao Yang Xiang Allan Degen Yayu Huang Jianzhang Niu Lu Sun Shatuo Chai Jianwei Zhou Luming Ding Ruijun Long Shujie Liu 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(9):1177-1184
Heat‐treated rapeseed was supplemented to indoor fed yaks in winter to test the effect on dry matter intake (DMI), body mass change, and meat quality. Sixteen 3‐year‐old yak steers (124 ± 15.3 kg) were divided randomly into two groups and were offered either heat‐treated rapeseed (HTR) or rapeseed meal (CONT). The yaks were allowed 14 days for adjustment and measurements were made over 120 d. There was no difference in DMI between groups (p = 0.67), but average daily gain tended to be higher (p < 0.056) and feed to gain ratio tended to be lower (p = 0.050) in HTR than in CONT yaks. Meat from HTR yaks was more tender (p = 0.006), had higher intramuscular fat (p = 0.013), and had lower cholesterol content (p = 0.009) than from CONT yaks. In addition, the atherogenic index was lower (0.37 vs. 0.43; p = 0.049), the PUFA:SFA ratio was higher (0.55 vs. 0.37; p = 0.049), and the n‐6:n‐3 (n‐6 PUFA to n‐3 PUFA) ratio was lower (2.76 vs. 4.78; p = 0.003) in HTR than in CONT yaks, which all favoured the HTR yaks. Meat from HTR yaks met human health standards of a PUFA:SFA ratio of above 0.4 and n‐6:n‐3 ratio of less than 4, whereas meat from CONT yaks just missed these standards. 相似文献
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Selecting 6 heads of new yak strains(the offspring of reciprocal cross of F1 produced by wild yak male mated with domestic yak female)and 6 domestic yaks at 3 and 12 age in months respectively at Datong Yak Farm of Qinghai Province. This paper was studied for the morphological characteristics of the skin and hair coat of yak and their adaptability to the cold living environment in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. The results indicated that it should be of vital importance marker for the morphological characteristics of the skin and hair coat with two type of yaks at 3 and 12 age in months and their regulations of growth and development to adapt to the cold living environment in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau,The main morphological indexes of the skin and hair coat of the rearing new yak strain were higher than those of the domestic yaks at the same age in months, or speak precisely, the new yak strain was more powerful adaptable to the alpine cold living environment than that of the domestic yaks. The resvlts above provided scientific basis for the native strain breeding of yak and the new yak strain rearing. 相似文献
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Daoliang LAN Wenhui JI Xianrong XIONG Qiqi LIANG Wenye YAO Tserang-Donko MIPAM Jincheng ZHONG Jian LI 《Integrative zoology》2021,16(5):685-695
The adaptation and diversity of animals to the extreme environments of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) are typical materials to study adaptive evolution. The recently discovered Jinchuan yak population has many individuals with multiple ribs. However, little is known about this yak's origin, evolution, and the genetic mechanisms that formed its unique multirib trait. Here, we report a valuable population genome resource of the Jinchuan yak by resequencing the whole genome of 150 individuals. Population genetic polymorphism and structure analysis reveal that Jinchuan yak can be differentiated as a unique and original yak population among the domestic yak. Combined with geological change, the Jinchuan yak's evolutionary origin is speculated to be about 6290 years ago, which may be related to the unique geographical environment of the eastern edge of the QTP during this period. Compared with other domestic yaks, this new population has 280 positively selected genes. The genes related to skeletal function hold a considerable and remarkable proportion, suggesting that the specific skeletal characteristics have been enhanced in the adaptive evolution of Jinchuan yak in the extreme plateau environment. The genome-wide association study has revealed that TUBA8 and TUBA4A, the genes that regulate the cytoskeleton, are potential genes associated with the multirib trait. Our findings provide a basis to further understand the generation mechanism of the adaptive evolution of this new population in high-altitude extreme environments and the multivertebrate trait of domestic animals. 相似文献
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金川多肋牦牛中有529／6的个体具有15对肋骨,比一般牦牛多出1对,是近年来发掘出的具有独特生物学特性和优异生产性能的地方牦牛类群。弄清种群特性,将为金川多肋牦牛资源保护与利用积累基础资料。采用普查和随机抽样调查法在金川多肋牦牛分布区进行种群密度、畜群结构、繁殖率、死亡率等调查。结果显示,金川多肋牦牛分布区的牦牛密度为0．3牦牛单位／hm^2,现实载畜量为1．5羊单位／hm^2,与麦洼牦牛和甘南牦牛分布区的牦牛密度一致;畜群中适龄母牦牛比例为45．2％,母牦牛繁殖率85．9％,15对肋骨牦牛的繁殖率为90．7％,两者都显著高于其他地区牦牛;15对肋骨牦牛的繁殖率、个体终生产犊数均高于14对肋骨牦牛,且雪灾致死率前者也低于后者;金川多肋牦牛母牛的初产年龄为3岁,比一般牦牛提前一年投产;金川多肋牦牛具有种群快速增长的年龄金字塔,但受到狼害、雪灾等生态因素的强烈制约。金川多肋牦牛种群参数具有重要特异性,显示其具有较强的综合生产性能。 相似文献
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采用生态地理比较分析法,根据青海牦牛类群分布的自然环境特点,研究了青海牦牛形成与分布的自然生态规律,青海牦牛不同类群的体型结构(体尺、体型结构)与生态因子(海拔、气温、降雨量、植被状况)的相关规律。结果表明:为了适应不同的生态环境,青海不同类群的牦牛的体型指标、生理指标有明显的差异。 相似文献
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为揭示牦牛不同组织间受RNA编辑导致转录产物发生的差异变化,进而为牦牛的组织分化、系统遗传调控等研究提供候选基因。本研究以3头4.5岁类乌齐母牦牛的大脑、小脑、臀部脂肪以及肌肉组织作为试验材料,通过Illumina 4000测序平台对各组织表达产物进行扫描,利用SPRINT和JACUSA筛选差异的RNA编辑位点,分析RNA编辑位点的分类、注释以及变异风险评估等。结果发现了总计24 784个RNA编辑位点,其中在4个组织中均发现存在编辑事件的有4 015个位点;4个组织中的RNA编辑位点主要以A-G和T-C编辑类型为主;发现其中一个高风险编辑位点位于SON基因中,使该基因的翻译提前终止,这将导致该组织一些特定位点的RNA与DNA结合出现问题。本研究预测并分析了类乌齐牦牛大、小脑和臀部肌肉、脂肪组织中RNA编辑差异位点的类型和分布,为进一步研究牦牛组织分化和生长发育中重要的调控基因提供了新的参考。 相似文献
17.
牦牛病毒性腹泻／粘膜病防制中间试验 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
从１９９１￣１９９３年，应用牛病毒性腹泻／粘膜病（ＢＶＤ／ＭＤ）Ｏ系弱毒冻干苗６０万头份对我省青南地区玉树、称多、泽库三个ＢＶＤ／ＭＤ发病严重的县进行了大面积的预防注射，调者被注射牛７６７９７头；同时在该地区应用猪瘟弱毒苗预防注射牛２０万头份，调查被注射牛４８０００头。试验结果：应用ＢＶＤ／ＭＤ Ｏ系弱毒冻干苗使牦牛ＢＶＤ／ＭＤ死亡率由６．６１％降至０．２４％，应用猪瘟弱毒苗亦对该病有较好的防制效 相似文献
18.
旨在研发半舍饲条件下淘汰母牦牛育肥及犊牦牛培育技术。选取带犊母牦牛和公犊牛各66头,分别随机分为试验组和对照组。在犊牛培育期间（2017年12月4日—2018年3月5日）,对试验组母牦牛进行补饲,试验组犊牦牛断乳前（3月5日断乳）随母牦牛哺乳,并进行补饲;对照组母牦牛不进行补饲,按常规放牧方式饲养,对照组犊牦牛进行断乳并补饲。育肥期间（2018年3月5日至出栏）对试验组母牦牛进行补饲,于6月错峰出栏;对照组母牦牛不进行补饲,于集中出栏时间出售（9月或10月）。在犊牦牛培育期间,观察试验组母牦牛的体重变化情况;每月4日测定2组犊牦牛的体重和体尺指标,并进行统计学分析。计算试验组母牦牛错峰出栏收益。结果表明,在犊牦牛培育阶段,由于试验组犊牦牛随母牦牛哺乳,试验组母牦牛体重平均下降1.17 kg/头;2018年1月4日,试验组犊牦牛的体重极显著（P<0.01）高于对照组,体斜长和胸围显著（P<0.05）高于对照组;2018年2月4日和3月4日,试验组犊牦牛的体重、体高、体斜长、胸围均极显著（P<0.01）高于对照组。试验组母牦牛错峰出栏的效益为1 063.05元。研究结果为提高半舍饲条件下淘汰母牦牛养殖效益以及提升犊牛培育质量提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
19.