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1.
Demography can have a significant effect on reproductive timing and the magnitude of such an effect can be comparable to environmentally induced variability. This effect arises because the individuals of many fish species spawn progressively earlier within a season and may produce more egg batches over a longer period as they get older, thus extending their lifetime spawning duration. Inter‐annual variation in spawning time is a critical factor in reproductive success because it affects the early environmental conditions experienced by progeny and the period they have to complete phases of development. By reducing the average lifetime spawning duration within a fish stock, fishing pressure could be increasing the variability in reproductive success and reducing long‐term stock reproductive potential. Empirical estimates of selection on birth date, from experiments and using otolith microstructure, demonstrate that there is considerable variation in selection on birth date both within a spawning season and between years. The few multi‐year studies that have linked egg production with the survival of progeny to the juvenile stage further highlight the uncertainty that adults face in timing their spawning to optimize offspring survival. The production of many small batches of eggs over a long period of time within a season and over a lifetime is therefore likely to decrease variance and increase mean progeny survival. Quantifying this effect of demography on variability in survival requires a focus on lifetime reproductive success rather than year specific relationships between recruitment and stock reproductive potential. Modelling approaches are suggested that can better quantify the likely impact of changing spawning times on year‐class strength and lifetime reproductive potential. The evidence presented strengthens the need to avoid fishing severely age truncated fish stocks. 相似文献
2.
Abstract Between 1994 and 1997, 508 pike, Esox lucius L., were tagged in Lower Lough Erne (LLE), Northern Ireland. By August 2000, 79 of these fish were recaptured. Ten of 27 pike recaptured and released a second time were then captured a third time. Distance from tagging to recapture site ranged from 0 to 16 km, with most recaptures within 10 km. Pike dispersed widely after spawning, an observation supported by netting survey data, and tended to return to the same spawning sites year after year. The usefulness of designated sanctuary areas free of commercial fishing, intended to maintain a stock of pike reserved for angling was evaluated. To protect angling stocks of pike from commercial fishing, sanctuary areas should be somewhat larger than at present. 相似文献
3.
4.
W. Huntting Howell Michael Morin Nathan Rennels David Goethel 《Fisheries Research》2008,91(2-3):123-132
A mark and recapture study of cod in the western Gulf of Maine was conducted to study the seasonal movements of fish, particularly as they related to areas closed to commercial fishing. A total of 27,772 cod were tagged, and 1334 (4.8%) were recaptured with sufficiently detailed recapture location and date to be included in the study. Results indicated that the group is resident to the area and sedentary. Although there were a small percentage of fish (2.5%) that traveled long distances (>100 km), most were recaptured near their release location. There was no linear relationship between fish length and linear distances traveled, and linear distance traveled was only weakly related to days-at-large. For all groups of cod tagged and released in particular areas and months, mean distances traveled were small (<65 km), rates of travel were slow (<0.2 km/day), and rates of group dispersion were <50 km2/day. There were no recognizable spatial or temporal patterns in the mean angles of travel for groups released in various month/area combinations, and the angular deviations associated with the mean angles were quite large. Although there seems to be little pattern in the movement of cod in our study area, temporal and spatial changes in abundance indicate that movements are occurring.
The general pattern was a concentration of large cod into one small, inshore area (Area 133) in both the spring and winter, and dispersion from this area in the ensuing months. Monthly percentages of ripe cod in Area 133 provide evidence for two spawning groups; a winter group that spawns from November through January, and a spring group that spawns from April through July. Thus it is likely that the observed spring and winter concentrations of fish in Area 133 were associated with spawning. Fish in the spring group were the largest encountered in the study. The study also provided some evidence of natal homing, i.e. a return to the same spawning grounds year after year, for the spring spawning group. Although there is some exchange of fish between most of the closed areas, the timing of the closures appears to protect the largest aggregations of cod. 相似文献
5.
R.M. Bhowmick G.V. Kowtal R.K. Jana S.D. Gupta 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1977,12(2):149-155
The major Indian carps, rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), were hitherto known to breed only once a year—during the monsoon season—either in their natural habitat or by hypophysation in captivity. It has been found possible to mature and induce these carps to spawn twice in the same season, within an interval of about 2 months, and thus augment the spawn production. The technique in brief is as follows. (i) The fish are bred by hypophysation early during the monsoon, in June. (ii) After the first spawning, prophylactic measures are adopted. (iii) The fish are fed supplementary feed consisting of groundnut oil cake and rice bran at a ratio of 1 : 1 and 2–5% body weight of the fish. The spent fish, under favourable weather conditions, were found to mature for a second time and were ready for a second spawning, using hypophysation, in about 2 months. This finding is a breakthrough in the field of fish culture at it helps to obtain more spawn from the same specimens in one season. These results demonstrate the possibility of extending this practice to other cultivated species and thereby augmenting the supply of quality fish seed. 相似文献
6.
Investigations were conducted on the flathead flouder Hippoglossoides dubius to analyze the environmental conditions around the spawning grounds and the maturational status of spawners in the Sea of
Japan off Niigata. In both sexes, larger fish matured earlier than smaller individuals, and participated in breeding from
the early part of the spawning season. Males were always the predominant sex found within the spawning ground, likely because
males spent longer periods in the spawning grounds than females. This finding further suggests that males matured earlier
and maintained sexual activity for longer periods than females within the spawning grounds. Submarine topography and water
temperature were concluded to be important factors affecting the formation of the spawning grounds. The spawning ground was
located within a restricted area where bathymetric lines curve towards a shallow area. Adult fish usually occur in the Japan
Sea Proper Water (<1 °C), but spawners gathered just below the surface mixing layer where water temperature was 5–10°C. Hence,
it was thought that the flounder spawn at the upper tolerable water temperature limit (i.e. the shallowest accessible depth)
to release their offspring into the surface layer. 相似文献
7.
After stocking landlocked salmon, Salmo salar L., in Lake Änättijärvi, all fishing was prohibited for 18 months to provide time for the fish to establish and reach a larger size prior to capture. The potential benefit of the fishery prohibition was severely diminished by emigration of the stocked fish down the watercourse to other lakes. Only 19% of the recaptures of Carlin-tagged individuals came from Lake Änättijärvi. Also, the CPUE of test fishing in Lake Änättijärvi indicated a steep decline in the density of stocked fish during the fishery prohibition period. The mean weight of landlocked salmon in the combined recaptures from Lake Änättijärvi and other lakes downstream was 660 g. When fishing was not prohibited, the corresponding mean weight at recapture was 442 g. It is recommended that landlocked salmon stocking should be carried out in lakes with relatively low fishing pressure. 相似文献
8.
Abstract – We performed a tagging study on one of the spawning populations of northern pike ( Esox lucius L.) of the River Kajaaninjoki in Finland. Northern pike is the main predator in many lakes and rivers in the northern hemisphere. Previous tagging studies have shown a general tendency to sedentary behaviour by pike. Whether individuals in a fish population adapt a sedentary or moving strategy may affect population persistence. To study if the spawning population consists of sedentary or moving individuals and the pattern of movements, we tagged 40 pike with radio transmitters and followed them from May 2002 to June 2003. Pike were caught and tagged during the spawning season in the mouth of the River Kajaaninjoki which flows into one of the largest lakes in Finland, Lake Oulujärvi. Our results suggest that the pike spawning population consisted of sedentary pike ( N = 16) dwelling the whole year in the river, and moving pike ( N = 24) which moved to Lake Oulujärvi after the spawning period. Pike exhibited homing behaviour, as most of the migrating pike returned to the same spawning area in the following year. Large pike had a higher movement rate than small pike during the summer and seasonally the movement rate was lowest during the spring and highest during the summer. 相似文献
9.
Do intracoelomic telemetry transmitters alter the post‐release behaviour of migratory fish? 
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下载免费PDF全文 Alexander D.M. Wilson Todd A. Hayden Christopher S. Vandergoot Richard T. Kraus John M. Dettmers Steven J. Cooke Charles C. Krueger 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(2):292-300
Electronic tags have become a common tool in fish research, enhancing our understanding of how fish interact with their environment and move among different habitats, for estimating mortality and recording internal physiological states. An often‐untested assumption of electronic tagging studies is that tagged fish are representative of untagged conspecifics and thus show ‘normal’ behaviour (e.g. movement rates, swimming activity, feeding). Here, we use a unique data set for potamadromous walleye (Sander vitreus) in Lake Huron and Lake Erie tributaries to assess whether the lack of appropriate controls in electronic tagging could seriously affect behavioural data. We used fish tagged in previous years and compared their migratory behaviour during the spawning season to fish tagged in a current year at the same location. The objective of the study was to determine whether intracoelomic acoustic tag implantation altered downstream movement of walleye after spawning. Fish tagged in a given season travelled slower downstream from two river spawning sites than fish tagged in previous years. Fish tagged one or two years earlier showed no differences between each other in downstream travel time, in contrast to fish tagged in a given year. Our results support notions that standard collection and intracoelomic tagging procedures can alter short‐term behaviour (i.e. days, weeks, months), and as such, researchers should use caution when interpreting data collected over such time periods. Further, whenever possible, researchers should also explicitly evaluate post‐tagging effects on behaviour as part of their experimental objectives. 相似文献
10.
2014年江苏省刺网渔业生产时空分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于抽样调查获得的2014年江苏省沿海刺网渔船生产数据,对江苏刺网渔业生产和渔获结构时空分布进行了初步分析。结果表明,江苏刺网渔船基本为本地近海生产,未出现远赴外地渔场生产情况;江苏中部以北近岸水域为刺网渔船主要作业渔场,而中部以南近岸水域少有渔船作业,可能是因为受航道、其它网具占用渔场、或捕捞对象分布习性等因素影响。伏季休渔前后在江苏中北部近岸水域,冬末春初在长江口渔场中部外侧水域,生产情况均相对较好,这可能与捕捞对象产卵、越冬行为相关。吕四渔场和大沙渔场是江苏刺网渔船主要作业水域,随着水温季节性变化,其生产范围会相应往北部和南部水域适当扩大;年初主要集中在吕四渔场,年末集中在大沙渔场;伏休前生产范围最广,伏休后生产范围有所收缩。另外,刺网捕捞主要渔获为价值较低的小个体鱼类和虾类,传统经济鱼类所占比例较低。由于刺网网目尺寸偏小,加上拖网、张网和多重刺网的泛滥使用,对渔业资源补充造成危害;刺网已经失去了传统上被认为是具有高度选择性的优良特征,建议管理部门重新考虑相关管理策略,开展针对各个渔业种群进行差别化精准管理研究。 相似文献
11.
Skipped spawning in female iteroparous fishes 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
It is often assumed that iteroparous fishes spawn annually once reaching sexual maturity, but this is not always the case. This paper reviews available information on skipped spawning in female teleost fishes. All instances of non‐annual spawning are described as one of three types (retaining, reabsorbing, resting), depending on where in the normal spawning cycle development has been interrupted. Retaining ripe eggs is caused by conditions experienced during the spawning season (fish density, mate availability, pollution), whereas failure to start vitellogenesis (resting) or the breakdown of all oocytes that enter into vitellogenesis (reabsorbing) is caused by factors experienced prior to the spawning season (primarily temperature and poor nutrition). It is speculated that the relative shortage of data on non‐annual spawning may be because of difficulties in identifying non‐reproductive individuals. In an attempt to rectify this situation, the criteria needed to identify females undergoing the three forms of spawning omission are presented in terms of external appearance of gonads, gonad indices, and histological analysis. The energy saved by not spawning in a poor year may lead to increased survival and the probability of spawning in subsequent years. As the cumulative number of progeny gained by surviving to spawn in multiple subsequent years outweighs the number of progeny lost by not spawning in a given single year, occasional omission of spawning may constitute an adaptive trait in long‐lived iteroparous fishes. 相似文献
12.
Eva B. Thorstad Ola H. Diserud
yvind Solem Torgeir B. Havn Lars Oftedal Bjrum Torstein Kristensen Henning Andre Urke Martin R. Johansen Robert J. Lennox Peder Fiske Ingebrigt Uglem 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2020,27(3):248-257
The proportion of angled Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. being caught and released has increased. If individuals are repeatedly captured, this may have fish welfare consequences. Of 995 Atlantic salmon tagged during catch and release in eight Norwegian rivers, 10% were captured twice, while 3% were captured three times within the same fishing season. The probability that released salmon were captured again decreased with decreasing time left of the fishing season, decreased for larger‐sized fish and varied among rivers/years. Increased exploitation rates within the river, indicating an increased fishing pressure, strongly increased the probability that fish would be recaptured. However, the proportion of salmon caught a second time was much lower than the total exploitation rates in the same rivers (which was on average 46%). For fish tagged in the sea, the likelihood of being angled decreased with time since entering the river, which may explain why the recapture rates of caught and released fish were lower than the total exploitation rates. 相似文献
13.
Little is known about the survival rate of wild masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou. To examine the effects of smolt length and migration timing on the recovery rate of wild masu salmon, we reanalyzed past
tagging and recovery data (1993–1994). The tagging study was conducted in the Shokanbetsu River, northern Japan; 863 wild
masu salmon smolts were captured, tagged, and released in a downstream site, and a total of 19 fish were recovered in coastal
fisheries and in the natal river the following year. The data were analyzed by a logistic regression analysis with recapture
as a response variable and tagging date and smolt length as explanatory variables; the tagging date had a significant effect
on the recapture rate, whereas the effect of smolt size was not significant. Despite the small number of recaptures, this
study indicates that migration timing is a factor affecting the marine survival of wild masu salmon smolts, although this
conclusion has been repeatedly documented for other species of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. 相似文献
14.
The effect of [d-Lys6] salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone alone (sGnRH) and in combination with domperidone, a dopamine antagonist, on the spawning of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, was investigated during the late spawning season (when mature fish stop spawning under natural conditions when males and females are put together). Fish were induced to spawn by [d-Lys6]-sGnRH salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (sGnRH-X) only when injected in combination with domperidone at doses of 10 g kg-1 and 20 mg kg-1 body weight respectively. [d-Lys6]-sGnRH-X alone did not induce spawning at a dose as high as 100 g kg-1 body weight. Fish injected with domperidone alone did not spawn either. These results demonstrate that [d-Lys6]-sGnRH-X in combination with a dopamine antagonist is effective in inducing spawning during the late spawning season. 相似文献
15.
岱衢族大黄鱼放流增殖试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了恢复舟山渔场本地种岱衢族大黄鱼（Pseudosciaenac Focea）资源,2000～2009年进行了岱衢族大黄鱼增殖放流试验。10年间共放流了经过人工繁育的岱衢族大黄鱼苗种1288．0×10^4尾,其中包括标志鱼62680尾。回捕标志鱼1432尾,平均回捕率2．73％。回捕试验结果表明,在岱衢洋进行本地大黄鱼的放流可行,体外挂牌法适合于大黄鱼的标志放流,放流鱼苗不仅可以成活、生长,还能够产卵、增殖并进行洄游;放流使舟山渔场本地岱衢族大黄鱼资源得到显著恢复,并产生了一定的经济效益。 相似文献
16.
Mating in nature is rarely random, and most fish species have refined mating systems. The vendace (Coregonus albula) is a short‐lived, small‐sized, cold‐water‐adapted pelagic schooling species that is known to spawn in groups, but the actual mating system of this species, like many other group‐spawning fishes, has not been described in detail. Vendace typically spawn in the littoral or sublittoral zones of lakes in late autumn, and the hatching of larvae occurs close to icebreak in the following spring. In our large study lake, vendace larvae were caught in 93% of 1,149 random sampling locations lake‐wide. We examined the courtship and mating of vendace under experimental conditions by nonintrusive observation of the natural behaviour, to clarify whether spawning activity is associated with illumination and to assess the postspawning mortality of vendace. Here, we describe and document in detail for the first time the spawning behaviour of vendace: they spawn in the dark, and females release a small portion of their eggs (on average 1% of mean total individual fecundity) when the female and male, side by side, dart from near the bottom up towards the surface, that is perform a spawning rise. Males and females had several spawning rises (on average 1,200). Our results showed high postspawning mortality (56%). The spawning stress seems to be a potential component of mortality regulating the lifespan duration of vendace. 相似文献
17.
U. I. ENIN 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》1997,4(4):301-309
The life histories of the estuarine prawn, Nematopalaemon hastatus Aurivillius, and the brackish river prawn, Macrobrachium macrobrachion Herklots, were compared in relation to their seasonal exploitation patterns in the Cross River estuary, Nigeria. The period of intensive exploitation of N. hastatus (March to June) was outside the main spawning season (July to October), because these prawns migrate from the main fishing area in the estuary and near shore coastal waters into the deeper continental shelf waters to spawn. This probably contributes to their reproductive success and conservation of the stock. With M. macrobrachion , the peak spawning period and the major fishing season converge between July and September. These prawns also migrate from the fresh water into the major fishing zone within the estuary during the spawning season. This exposes the spawning population to intense human exploitation. On the basis of their spawning dynamics, M. macrobrachion requires more urgent management attention. An option would be a closed season for M. macrobrachion within the estuary during the spawning period. 相似文献
18.
- 1. Carassius auratus, a primary freshwater fish with bisexual diploid and unisexual gynogenetic triploid lineages, is distributed widely in and around the Eurasian continent and is especially common in East Asia. East Asian C. auratus diverged genetically to form local endemic populations in different regions, and those distributed in the Ryukyu Archipelago form a local endemic population that can be regarded as an evolutionarily significant unit because of its high phylogenetic independence and evolutionary distinctiveness. Although the evolutionary uniqueness of this population should be conserved, its distribution area and population size are decreasing rapidly, and some island populations are currently considered endangered or already extinct.
- 2. To develop effective conservation measures to stop the current decline of Ryukyuan C. auratus, ecological data need to be collected. In this study, life history data for a C. auratus population distributed in the Hiji River system were collected by estimating age, growth, and spawning season.
- 3. The spawning season of C. auratus in the Hiji River extended from March to September, peaking during March–May. Females became sexually mature in their second year, but males reached maturity and were able to spawn as early as in the late spawning season of their year of hatching. Once having reached sexual maturity, males probably continuously stay ripe throughout their life.
- 4. Sagittal otoliths of C. auratus proved to be useful ageing structures because one annual increment is formed on the sagittal otolith before the spawning season in each year. The oldest fish observed were a 10‐year‐old female and an 11‐year‐old male. Females showed faster somatic growth and higher final standard length than males, and a sexual size dimorphism was observed.
- 5. The standard length at each age class did not differ between diploid and triploid C. auratus, suggesting that triploid growth rates were almost equal to those of diploids. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
19.
Energy acquisition and allocation to egg production in relation to fish reproductive strategies 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Richard S McBride Stylianos Somarakis Gary R Fitzhugh Anu Albert Nathalia A Yaragina Mark J Wuenschel Alexandre Alonso‐Fernández Gualtiero Basilone 《Fish and Fisheries》2015,16(1):23-57
Oogenesis in fishes follows a universal plan; yet, due to differences in the synchrony and rate of egg development, spawning frequency varies from daily to once in a lifetime. Some species spawn and feed in separate areas, during different seasons, by storing energy and drawing on it later for reproduction (i.e. capital breeding). Other species spawn using energy acquired locally, throughout a prolonged spawning season, allocating energy directly to reproduction (i.e. income breeding). Capital breeders tend to ovulate all at once and are more likely to be distributed at boreal latitudes. Income breeding allows small fish to overcome allometric constraints on egg production. Income breeders can recover more quickly when good‐feeding conditions are re‐established, which is a benefit to adults regarding bet‐hedging spawning strategies. Many species exhibit mixed capital‐ and income‐breeding patterns. An individual's position along this capital–income continuum may shift with ontogeny or in relation to environmental conditions, so breeding patterns are a conditional reproductive strategy. Poor‐feeding environments can lead to delayed maturation, skipped spawning, fewer spawning events per season or fewer eggs produced per event. In a few cases, variations in feeding environments appear to affect recruitment variability. These flexible processes of energy acquisition and allocation allow females to prioritize their own condition over their propagules' condition at any given spawning opportunity, thereby investing energy cautiously to maximize lifetime reproductive value. These findings have implications for temporal and spatial sampling designs, for measurement and interpretation of fecundity, and for interpreting fishery and ecosystem assessments. 相似文献
20.
Reproductive biology of female Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis from south-western North Pacific Ocean 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Pacific bluefin is a highly valuable pelagic species that inhabits a broad range in the North Pacific Ocean. The reproductive
biology, especially for the spawning aggregation in the south-western North Pacific Ocean, is not well understood. Thus, a
total of 119 paired ovary specimens were collected from the Taiwanese longline fleet during the 1999 fishing season (late
April through June) to gain a better understanding of important reproductivity-related stock parameters associated with this
species. The following conclusions were made: (i) condition factor decreased from late May to early June; (ii) the sex ratio
might be 1∶1 for spawners; (iii) the gonadosomatic index stayed at a relatively high level and markedly increased from late
May to early June; (iv) histological examination of oocytes indicated that all specimens were sexually mature; (v) spawning
activity appeared to start in May and peak in late May to early June; (vi) batch fecundity incre ased with fork length; and
(vii) preliminary estimates of spawning frequency between batches ranged 2–4.5 days based on analysis of postovulatory follicles. 相似文献