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5种植物源农药对黄脊竹蝗毒力及毒饵的制备与防治效果 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
为揭示5种植物源农药对黄脊竹蝗毒力强度,探寻制备诱杀黄脊竹蝗成虫新型毒饵的方法,采用碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵和氯化铵与5种植物源农药混合制备毒饵,并进行诱杀黄脊竹蝗成虫试验。结果表明：5种农药对黄脊竹蝗均有良好的致死作用,1%苦参·藜芦碱可溶液、1.2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油、0.5%藜芦碱可溶液、1.5%苦参碱可溶液和4%鱼藤酮乳油对黄脊竹蝗跳蝻和成虫的LC50依次为1.527、0.856、1.931、0.927、1.602 mg/L和1.767、0.957、2.176、1.126、1.825 mg/L;碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵和氯化铵水溶液可代替人尿作为引诱剂,其最佳浓度配比为70、80和90 g/L,5种植物源农药可代替化学药剂作为胃毒剂,胃毒剂与引诱剂的体积比：1.2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油和1.5%苦参碱可溶液均为1∶30,1%苦参·藜芦碱可溶液和4%鱼藤酮乳油均为1∶20,0.5%藜芦碱可溶液为1∶15。本研究提出的毒饵制备方法,可广泛用于大量诱杀黄脊竹蝗成虫,可为黄脊竹蝗的无公害防治乃至综合防治提供借鉴。 相似文献
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[目的 ]筛选刚竹泰广肩小蜂和竹泰广肩小蜂植物源引诱剂,优化影响诱捕效果的因素,为2种早竹造瘿害虫植物源诱控技术的应用提供技术支撑。[方法 ]采用林间生物测定法比较7种候选引诱剂的引诱效果,比较3种悬挂高度和5种诱捕器类型对诱捕效果的影响,并监测刚竹泰广肩小蜂和竹泰广肩小蜂林间的种群动态。[结果 ]水杨酸甲酯原液、顺-3-己烯-1-醇原液和反-2-己烯醛1 000倍液作为引诱剂的诱捕器诱捕刚竹泰广肩小蜂数量分别为154.40±129.04、35.20±35.75、24.00±20.30头,显著高于对照组诱捕器的诱虫量(P0.05)。反-2-己烯醛1 000倍液、顺-3-己烯-1-醇10 000倍液和β-紫罗兰酮1 000倍液作为引诱剂的诱捕器诱捕竹泰广肩小蜂数量分别为29.50±28.43、25.67±16.26、20.25±3.95头,显著高于对照组诱捕器的诱虫量(P0.05)。冠层的上层和中层诱捕造瘿害虫的数量显著多于冠层的下层(P0.05),而冠层的上层和中层诱捕造瘿害虫的数量差异不显著(P0.05)。不同类型诱捕器诱捕造瘿害虫的数量差异显著(P0.05),小船型诱捕器的诱虫量显著多于三角形诱捕器的诱虫量(P0.05),而三角形诱捕器的诱虫量显著多于桶型诱捕器(P0.05)、实蝇诱捕器(P0.05)和夜蛾诱捕器的诱虫量(P0.05)。[结论 ]4月下旬到5月上旬,使用水杨酸甲酯与顺-3-己烯-1-醇30:1比例的混合物作为引诱剂,在早竹冠层的中层或上层悬挂小船型诱捕器,能够诱捕到更多的刚竹泰广肩小蜂和竹泰广肩小蜂。 相似文献
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1987年和1988年,经用6种引诱剂对黄脊竹蝗的成蝗进行了趋性试验,结果表明,黄脊竹蝗对尿粉合剂、盐粉合剂、尿素粉合剂有一定的正向趋性,但以尿粉合剂的正向趋性最大,可作为成蝗的有效防治措施之一。 相似文献
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黄脊竹蝗研究现状及进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综述了黄脊竹蝗Ceracriskiangsu Tsai的生物学特性及防治方法的研究概况。黄脊竹蝗是竹林中一种重要的食叶害虫,它食谱广、取食量大、危害时间长、防治困难,因而造成损失非常严重。黄脊竹蝗在所有分布地区均为1年1代,以卵在土表下1～2cm深的卵囊中越冬。在我国从南到北于4月中旬到6月上旬越冬卵开始孵化。若虫5龄,平均每龄龄期约10d左右。传统方法对竹蝗的防治主要以化学防治为主,随着人们对生态安全的关注度加大,农药防治竹蝗逐渐向无公害型转化。生物防治技术也应用到竹蝗的防治中来。从发酵人尿中提取活性成分,合成引诱剂对黄脊竹蝗的成虫进行引诱试验,为黄脊竹蝗的防治探索新方法。 相似文献
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通过采用自行研制的林间组装式诱捕器搭配新型植物源引诱剂进行了野外应用试验。结果显示:TC-1、TC-2从引诱效果,持续时间和成本方面都比较适宜;诱捕器悬挂在主干上距地面10~50cm处效果最好;诱捕器之间水平距离50~80m为宜;诱集量与温度成正相关,与风力成负相关;三种引诱剂引诱效果远远高于侧柏饵木;塑料诱捕器诱集效果好于铁质诱捕器;同一试验地连续两年诱杀,林间虫口数减少78%。 相似文献
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华山松大小蠹Dendroctonus armandi Tsai et Li是危害我国华山松Pinus armandii的主要蛀干害虫。收集和测定华山松树皮和华山松大小蠹的挥发物,根据挥发物组分设计配制8种诱芯,采用漏斗诱捕器进行林间诱捕筛选试验;应用诱芯Ⅱ进行多点诱捕验证和有效诱捕距离试验。结果表明:诱捕期内,诱芯Ⅱ平均诱捕华山松大小蠹1 070头/诱捕器,显著高于其它7种诱芯;单个诱捕器一天最多诱捕1 652头。诱芯Ⅱ在3个地点的平均诱捕量差异不显著,分别为83,114,101头/诱捕器,诱捕效果不存在地理差异;距离林缘50 m处诱捕量为43.5头/诱捕器,为最佳有效诱捕距离。该华山松大小蠹高效引诱剂可为我国华山松大小蠹的治理提供新技术。 相似文献
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Oliveira DF Pereira AC Figueiredo HC Carvalho DA Silva G Nunes AS Alves DS Carvalho HW 《Fitoterapia》2007,78(2):142-145
A screening was conducted with 26 plants collected in the Brazilian southeast region, to identify plant extracts with antibacterial properties against Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Initially, the agar diffusion method was employed. Then, those extracts presenting activity were submitted to a broth microdilution assay to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). It was observed that 13 of the tested extracts showed antibacterial activity. The best results were obtained with those from Lantana lilacina and Phyllanthus tenellus. 相似文献
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从落叶松梢栖真菌筛选出对落叶松枯梢病病原菌有抑制作用的菌株,对落叶松枯梢病进行生物防治。将自落叶松梢部分离到的11种梢栖真菌与落叶松枯梢病病原菌进行对峙培养,根据被覆盖程度、抑菌率、拮抗系数和防治预试验的结果,综合评价后发现:粪生粪壳、深绿木霉和球毛壳3种梢栖真菌对落叶松枯梢病有良好的拮抗作用。利用这3个菌株在黑龙江省勃利县通天一林场国富沟进行林间防治试验,结果表明:防治效果为粪生粪壳>代森锰锌400倍液>深绿木霉>球毛壳;深绿木霉和粪生粪壳喷洒浓度50%和球毛壳喷洒浓度75%时,真菌多样性最多,梢栖真菌系统较其他浓度更为稳定,与化学防治相比,既达到了防治目的又具有不污染环境的优势。 相似文献
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Growth and physiological response of six Australian rainforest tree species to a light gradient 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An understanding of growth and photosynthetic potential of subtropical rainforest species to variations in light environment can be useful for determining the sequence of species introductions in rainforest restoration projects and mixed species plantations. We examined the growth and physiology of six Australian subtropical rainforest tree species in a greenhouse consisting of three artificial light environments (10%, 30%, and 60% full sunlight). Morphological responses followed the typical sun-shade dichotomy, with early and late secondary species (Elaeocarpus grandis, Flindersia brayleyana, Flindersia schottiana, and Gmelina leichhardtii) displaying higher relative growth rate (RGR) compared to mature stage species (Cryptocarya erythroxylon and Heritiera trifoliolatum). Growth and photosynthetic performance of most species reached a maximum in 30–60% full sunlight. Physiological responses provided limited evidence of a distinct dichotomy between early and late successional species. E. grandis and F. brayleyana, provided a clear representation of early successional species, with marked increase in Amax in high light and an ability to down regulate photosynthetic machinery in low light conditions. The remaining species (F. schottiana, G. leichhardtii, and H. trifoliolatum) were better represented as falling along a shade-tolerant continuum, with limited ability to adjust physiologically to an increase or decrease in light, maintaining similar Amax across all light environments. Results show that most species belong to a shade-tolerant constituency, with an ability to grow and persist across a wide range of light environments. The species offer a wide range of potential planting scenarios and silvicultural options, with ample potential to achieve rapid canopy closure and rainforest restoration goals. 相似文献
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The Eastern Black Sea Region has an extensive flora because of ample rainfall lasting all year. In this study, antimicrobial effects of 74 crude extracts of 22 endemic plants were investigated. Among the 30 active crude extracts, water-insoluble crude extracts from Betula medwediewii, Heracleum platytaenium, Primula longipes, Anthemis cretica ssp. argaea and Centaurea helenioides were the prominent ones with their MIC values. 相似文献
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Euphorbia acanthothamnos, E. macroclada and E. rigida were investigated for their antioxidant activity. The antioxidant potential of extracts of E. acanthothamnos, E. macroclada and E. rigida was evaluated using different complementary antioxidant tests. 相似文献
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The extracts from leaves, heartwood, barks and roots of the Streblus asper were investigated for anti-HBV activities, separately. The results suggested that the MeOH extracts of the heartwood, barks, and roots exhibited good anti-HBV activities. Further investigations displayed that ethyl acetate and n-butanol soluble parts of their MeOH extracts showed more significant anti-HBV activities. Moreover, a new lignan, together with 11 known compounds, was isolated from n-butanol-soluble part of MeOH extract of the roots of S. asper. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D NMR ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR), 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC) and HR-EI-MS experiments. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their anti-HBV activities. Honokiol showed significant anti-HBV activity with IC(50) values of 3.14μM and 4.74μM for HBsAg and HBeAg with no cytotoxicity respectively, while lamivudine (3TC, positive control) exhibited weak anti-HBV activity with IC(50) values of 11.81μM and 25.80μM for HBsAg and HBeAg respectively. 相似文献
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Ungulate herbivory of regenerating conifers in relation to foliar nutrition and terpenoid production 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Owen T. BurneyDouglass F. Jacobs 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(9):1834-1845
Ungulate browsing greatly influences regeneration dynamics of some forest ecosystems, yet the relationship between browse susceptibility and foliar chemistry of forest tree seedlings is not well understood. We applied field fertilization (15N-9P-10K controlled-release fertilizer at 0, 20, 40, and 60 g per seedling) and investigated how subsequent changes in terpenoid production and foliar nutrition influence ungulate browse preference for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla Raf. Sarg.), and western redcedar (Thujaplicata Donn ex D. Don) seedlings across four sites in northwestern Oregon, USA. Fertilization increased foliar N concentration of all three species, but above-ground growth of only Douglas-fir and western hemlock. Foliar monoterpene concentrations for western hemlock and western redcedar also increased at higher fertilization rates, while Douglas-fir monoterpene production was not affected by fertilization. Regardless of monoterpene levels, ungulate browse preference was greater for fertilized western hemlock seedlings. The opposite response, however, was observed for western redcedar at two of the four study sites where the likelihood of browse was greater for non-fertilized than fertilized seedlings. Differences in browse preference among species may depend on the type and amount of individual monoterpenes manufactured in response to fertilization. Western redcedar produce α- and β-thujone, oxygenated monoterpenes known to promote gastroenteritis and possibly inhibit microbial rumen activity, which were absent from Douglas-fir or western hemlock. Higher concentrations of α- and β-thujone associated with increasing fertilizer rate provide a plausible explanation as to why ungulates preferred non-fertilized western redcedar. Our results illustrate species-specific adaptation in browse avoidance and selective ungulate browsing behavior of individual trees as linked to foliar chemistry. 相似文献
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Emile S. Gardiner Magnus Löf Joseph J. O’Brien John A. Stanturf Palle Madsen 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009
Efforts in Europe to convert Norway spruce (Picea abies) plantations to broadleaf or mixed broadleaf-conifer forests could be bolstered by an increased understanding of how artificial regeneration acclimates and functions under a range of Norway spruce stand conditions. We studied foliage characteristics and leaf-level photosynthesis on 7-year-old European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) regeneration established in open patches and shelterwoods of a partially harvested Norway spruce plantation in southwestern Sweden. Both species exhibited morphological plasticity at the leaf level by developing leaf blades in patches with an average mass per unit area (LMA) 54% greater than of those in shelterwoods, and at the plant level by maintaining a leaf area ratio (LAR) in shelterwoods that was 78% greater than in patches. However, we observed interspecific differences in photosynthetic capacity relative to spruce canopy openness. Photosynthetic capacity (A1600, net photosynthesis at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 1600 μmol photons m−2 s−1) of beech in respect to the canopy gradient was best related to leaf mass, and declined substantially with increasing canopy openness primarily because leaf nitrogen (N) in this species decreased about 0.9 mg g−1 with each 10% rise in canopy openness. In contrast, A1600 of oak showed a weak response to mass-based N, and furthermore the percentage of N remained constant in oak leaf tissues across the canopy gradient. Therefore, oak photosynthetic capacity along the canopy gradient was best related to leaf area, and increased as the spruce canopy thinned primarily because LMA rose 8.6 g m−2 for each 10% increase in canopy openness. These findings support the premise that spruce stand structure regulates photosynthetic capacity of beech through processes that determine N status of this species; leaf N (mass basis) was greatest under relatively closed spruce canopies where leaves apparently acclimate by enhancing light harvesting mechanisms. Spruce stand structure regulates photosynthetic capacity of oak through processes that control LMA; LMA was greatest under open spruce canopies of high light availability where leaves apparently acclimate by enhancing CO2 fixation mechanisms. 相似文献
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Insecticidal activity of Vitex mollis 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Organic extracts from the leaves of Vitex mollis were assessed for their toxic effect on fall armyworm neonate larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda), an important insect pest of corn. The extracts showed insecticidal and insect growth regulatory activity, being CHCl(3)-MeOH (1:1) extract the most active, also found to be toxic in the Artemia salina test. 相似文献