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1.
Forests have conventionally been seen as a source of products for sustaining resource-poor households. Nonetheless, forest management strategies have often not been designed to meet these pressing needs. The objectives of this research were to examine the contribution of forest products to household income and determine the level of forest dependence among poor households in four sectors selected from the Musanze and Nyabihu districts of Rwanda. A multistage sampling process was used to select 165 households in a questionnaire-based survey. Data analysis was mainly based on a binary probit regression model checked for multicollinearity, hetero- scedasticity and specification bias. Forest products accounted for 31% of annual household income. Household location, number of cattle owned, and household size had a positive and significant effect on dependence on forest resources (p < 0.05). However, gender was significant at the 10% level (p < 0.1). Forests have a plural role for the rural poor and this justifies the implementation of sustainable forest management strategies. There is a need to improve the use of agroforestry innovations to enhance the contribution of forests to rural incomes. This can be achieved through a multisectoral approach involving training of rural farmers in appropriate technologies. 相似文献
2.
A mail survey was conducted to gain understanding of the agroforestry practices of non-industrial private forest landowners (NIPF) in Washington State, located in the north-western USA. Although NIPF owners control 1.5 million hectares of the state's commercial forestland base, their diversity of forestland uses, land management practices and objectives as land managers are not well understood. Past NIPF surveys and anecdotal information suggest agroforestry is a major use of NIPF lands. We defined agroforestry as a potentially sustainable land use practice combining the deliberate growing of woody perennials with agricultural crops and/or animals. Objectives of this study were to:
- determine the extent that agroforestry is used by Washington's NIPF owners,
- develop insight into NIPF owners' motivations for practicing agroforestry,
- describe the agroforestry practices within three distinct physiographic and agroecological zones in Washington, and
- determine the agroforestry information needs of NIPF owners.
3.
The agroforestry garden system in Maninjau in West Sumatra is characterized by an intensive integration of forest species and commercial crops, forming a forest-like system. The intimate association of different species provides both subsistence and commercial products which supplement rice production. This complex agroforest is managed by the combination between cultural practices and respect of natural processes of vegetation production and reproduction. It represents a profitable production system and constitutes an efficient buffer between villages and protected forest. It is a good model of association between integration of forest resources and cultivation of cash crops in the form of a sustainable and flexible system. 相似文献
4.
There has been much emphasis placed on the economic contribution that non-timber forest products (NTFP) can make to rural
livelihoods of people living in or near forests. In this study we focus on the benefits of greenery obtained from two tree
species, romerillo (Lomatia ferruginea (Cav.) R. Br.) and avellano (Gevuina avellana Mol.), collected by indigenous women in southern Chile. Trees producing commercial-quality leaves grew in secondary forests
dominated by species usually abundant in ecological formations that follow forest degradation. Natural availability of greenery
was relatively low (658 and 38 commercial leaves per hectare for romerillo and avellano, respectively) which added to restrictive
market conditions resulted in modest financial returns and a contribution to household income of less than 1%. Our results
confirm that trade on NTFP does not always lead to significant income generation. Yet, the information provided, represents
a basis to explore management alternatives, such as agroforestry schemes, which can potentially expand greenery yield and
economic returns. 相似文献
5.
6.
Commercial pole production in linear agroforestry systems 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
While the stems of upperstorey trees in agroforestry systems have many uses such as firewood and fencing, it remains true
that one incentive for growing upperstorey trees is the anticipated income generated by selling commercial quality poles.
Three hundred and ninety-one poles representing 15 tree species grown under linear agroforestry conditions at four sites in
Uganda were analyzed in terms of the length, diameter and taper of their poles. At the time of harvest, the trees were 41
months old. Although the poles varied in size and shape, none conformed to the standards observed in the commercial pole market
in Kampala. The results demonstrate that linear agroforestry systems are unlikely to produce high quality commercial poles
in a short time although they have other uses. Development of commercial pole production in these systems requires low cost
management practices. New research designs and hypotheses are needed to assess the potential of commercial pole production.
They must consider trials with larger plots, longer duration and varying management practices such as side pruning, spacing,
coppicing and pollarding. 相似文献
7.
H. M. Tuihedur Rahman Jiban Chandra Deb Gordon M. Hickey Imrul Kayes 《Journal of Forest Research》2014,19(1):12-21
This research contrasts the financial profitability of different agroforestry practices in community-based buffer zone management of Madhupur National Park (MNP), Bangladesh. This park is the second largest in Bangladesh and subjected to enormous anthropogenic pressure and land rights-related conflicts. This paper reports the different agroforestry practices of villagers in different modules of the buffer zone of MNP, identified by a participatory research approach. It then assesses the profitability of each module on the basis of cost–benefit analysis, net present value, internal rate of return, and annualized income. Results indicate three agroforestry systems were being practised in the buffer zone by the participants: agro-silviculture, agro-silvo-horticulture, and combined woodlot and agroforestry. Among these modules, agro-silvo-horticulture was the most profitable, followed by agro-silviculture then combined woodlot and agroforestry. We recognize that not all of the participants can practise intensive agroforestry; our results suggest that the community-based buffer zone management strategy for MNP would benefit from prioritizing agroforestry practices where possible. This will lead to more successful buffer zone management for the conservation of natural forests while supporting the development of local resource-dependent communities. 相似文献
8.
A general classification of agroforestry practice 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fergus L. Sinclair 《Agroforestry Systems》1999,46(2):161-180
Present classification schemes confuse agroforestry practices, where trees are intimately associated with agricultural components
at a field scale, with the whole farm and forest systems of which they form a part. In fact, it is common for farming systems
to involve the integration of several reasonably discrete agroforestry practices, on different types of land. The purpose
of a general classification is to identify different types of agroforestry and to group those that are similar, thereby facilitating
communication and the organized storage of information. A new scheme is proposed that uses the ‘practice’ rather than the
‘system’ as the unit of classification. This allows an efficient grouping of practices that have a similar underlying ecology
and prospects for management. A two stage definition of agroforestry is proposed that distinguishes an interdisciplinary approach
to land use from a set of integrated land use practices. Four levels of organization are recognized through analysis of the
role of trees in agricultural landscapes: the land use system, categories of land use within systems, discrete groups of components
(trees, crops, animals) managed together, and functionally connected groups of such discrete practices in time and space.
Precedents for this form of analysis are found in the literature and it conforms with generally accepted methods of systems
analysis. Classification of major types of agroforestry practice proceeds primarily according to the components involved and
the predominant usage of land. A secondary scheme further classifies these in terms of the arrangement, density and diversity
of the tree components involved.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Laura A. Hildreth 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):119-126
In an effort to mitigate severe environmental problems, the Chinese government introduced ecological agriculture as an approach
to sustainable grain production. One such method heavily employed in the Northern Plains of China is agroforestry. This region
provides a unique case to assess the effect of agroforestry on agricultural output. This paper estimates a production function
with a measure for forest cover to test the hypothesis that agroforestry makes a positive and significant contribution to
agricultural output. Evidence shows that the effects of agroforestry on agricultural output are positive, though not always
significant. This finding is relevant not only to Chinese agriculture, but also in answering the question of how agricultural
sustainability can be accomplished in the long term. With increasing populations and decreasing opportunities for land expansion
globally, agroforestry is one answer to improving agricultural growth. 相似文献
10.
K. F. Weersum 《Agroforestry Systems》1982,1(1):53-70
Agroforestry is a general concept for a land management system combining trees and agricultural crops. For application, various specific techniques can be chosen. Each of these techniques is adjusted to a specific set of environmental as well as socio-economic factors. Agroforestry cultivators or managers belonging to varying social strata and institutional groupings may practice different forms of agroforestry, even within the same general region. This is demonstrated on the basis of two contrasting types of agroforestry which are found on the Indonesian island of Java. Tree gardening or the cultivation of a wide variety of crops in a multiple-storeyed agroforestry system is an indegenous practice on private lands, while taungya or the intercropping of young tree plantations with staple crops is practiced on state forest lands. Both systems are described as to their management characteristics, past development as well as possibilities and constraints for further development. These two practices are then compared as to various attributes, like producer group, production purpose, area of cultivation, land ownership situation, structural organization of crop combinations, possibilities for improved cultivation techniques, and suitability for application in rural development for specific target groups.This paper is a slightly revised version of a contribution to a lecture series on agro-forestry organized by the Departments of Forestry, Wageningen University. 相似文献
11.
Within agroforestry research relatively little attention has been given to water management practices. In order to illustrate the relevance of this management practice, an analysis is made of the integrated management of buffalo ponds and forest gardens in the Badulla district, Sri Lanka. The cultivation of multi-storeyed agroforests around small water reservoirs allows the combined management of vegetation and water resources. The ponds are primarily used for storing water, regulating streamflow, catching sediments and wallowing of water buffaloes. The inclusion of the ponds increases the multifunctional nature of the forest gardens, especially in relation to water, erosion and sedimentation management and animal husbandry, and thus optimizes the complementary nature of forest gardens in the total farming system. 相似文献
12.
Carbon storage benefits of agroforestry systems 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
P. Schroeder 《Agroforestry Systems》1994,27(1):89-97
The process of land degradation is a local phenomenon that occurs field by field. Because of the extent at which it is occurring, however, it also has a global dimension. Agroforestry represents a link between the local and global scales. From the farmer's perspective, agroforestry can be a way to increase crop yields and the diversity of products grown. An additional benefit is the creation of a carbon sink that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Successful agroforestry systems will also reduce land clearing and maintain carbon in existing vegetation. An extensive literature survey was conducted to evaluate the carbon dynamics of agroforestry practices and to assess their potential to store carbon. Data on tree growth and wood production were converted to estimates of carbon storage. Surveyed literature showed that median carbon storage by agroforestry practices was 9 tC/ha in semi-arid, 21 tC/ha in sub-humid, 50 tC/ha in humid, and 63 tC/ha in temperate ecozones. The limited survey information available substantiated the concept that implementing agroforestry practices can help reduce deforestation.The research described in this article has been funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency. This document has been prepared at the EPA Environmental Research Laboratory in Corvallis, Oregon, through contract number 68-C8-0006 to ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer and administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. 相似文献
13.
Most of the existing agroforestry courses have arisen opportunistically and tend to be based on the form that agroforestry takes, rather than on the way agroforestry practices function. Yet agroforestry research is beginning to supply ideas and information about the core issues (e.g., how woody and non-woody intercrops behave in terms of environmental resource capture, and how this can be influenced by the biology of the plant components and management). Similarly, recent socioeconomic research on agroforestry issues reveals dynamic systems of resource access, use, and control at various levels of human organization over time. It is true also that, because they were undertaken with different objectives in mind, the concepts derived from many decades of research in ecology, agriculture, and forestry still need to be reshaped for agroforestry situations. Likewise, socioeconomic content needs to move towards teaching the dynamics of decision-making, innovation, and change rather than describing static situations. This reshaping process itself offers exciting possibilities for educators who, thereby, could influence the course of research.These issues are briefly discussed in relation to the integration and development of research and teaching, and the needs of students and agroforestry professionals for educational and training courses. A draft proposal for the future of agroforestry at Cornell University is also outlined as a model for implementing such an approach. 相似文献
14.
E. T. York Jr. 《Agroforestry Systems》1990,12(1):7-12
Sustainable agriculture should involve the successful management of resources for agriculture to satisfy changing human needs, while maintaining or enhancing the quality of the environment and conserving natural resources. The rapid depletion of forest resources and agricultural sustainability — two major global concerns — could be impacted significantly through agroforestry practices. Widespread application of agroforestry concepts and techniques offers great potential for helping to alleviate critical shortages of fuelwood and contributing to sustainable farming systems. There is a vital need to broaden the knowledge base of the subject of agroforestry in order to provide a more substantive basis for effective teaching and training programs. In a typical university organization, it is fairly easy to see how interdisciplinary research teams can be brought together to work on agroforestry projects. But how do we structure the education and training programs? The purpose of this conference is to address these issues and to guide the further evolution and development of agroforestry. 相似文献
15.
Almost 20 million acres of non-forest cropland in the South can be classified as marginal. Demand projections for forest products call for a 40 percent increase by year 2030. Recent regenerated tree acres lag behind harvested acres. Multiple land use practices combining trees and grazing adjust cash flows forward mitigating negative flow period associated with conventional forest production. Profit opportunities for private, non-industrial landowners can be increased by ranking inputs in order of changes to net present value(NPV). A sensitivity analysis of an agroforestry scenario, including trees, beef cattle, and pasture, allows producers to concentrate management efforts where returns are greatest. Model results show greatest returns to NPV was realized from improvement to Chip-N-Saw income. The least increase in NPV came when the cost of control burns was changed. 相似文献
16.
Stewart A.W. Diemont Jessica L. BohnDonald D. Rayome Sarah J. KelsenKaity Cheng 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,261(10):1696-1705
Numerous communities associated with at least five distinct ethnic Mayan groups in southern Mexico and Central America continue to rely upon forested areas as integral components of their agricultural systems. They carefully manage these areas so that forests provide food, raw materials, and animals. Management practices include removing and planting of woody and herbaceous species, apiculture, and seed harvest. Mayan agroforestry systems in geographically and ecologically distinct areas of Mesoamerica were evaluated to better understand traditional agroforestry system components and how indigenous Mayan agroforestry could be a part of regional forest conservation and restoration. Systems were within Mexican land grant areas (ejidos) or on contested land. Although these systems rely upon different woody species and management techniques, common among them are: (1) the use of multi-stage and successional pathways with forest as a part of the larger system, (2) species that are believed by traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) to accelerate forest regeneration - more than 30 tree species are recognized and managed as potential facilitators of forest regeneration and (3) direct human consumption of forest products at all stages of regeneration. 相似文献
17.
Understanding an indigenous knowledge system for tree fodder via a multi-method on-farm research approach 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Understanding the dynamics of indigenous resource management systems can benefit natural resource development efforts and
contribute to effective on-farm agroforestry research initiatives. This paper reports on the authors' investigation of an
indigenous knowledge systems for the management, cultivation, and use of private tree fodder resources in a community in the
middle hills of Central Nepal. It focuses on the methods used to develop an understanding of the cognitive systems used by
farmers in this community to classify and evaluate tree fodder. A participatory multi-method research approach was employed
to overcome many of the limitations of traditional survey research. The approach centered on the use of the repertory grid
method within the framework of personal construct theory. Repertory grid results were analyzed in conjunction with data collected
from participant observation, a formal household survey, an inventory of privately grown trees, and ethnographic interviews.
This integrated analysis resulted in an understanding of the indigenous knowledge system for the management of tree fodder
resources. 相似文献
18.
Santiago-Freijanes J. J. Mosquera-Losada M. R. Rois-Díaz M. Ferreiro-Domínguez N. Pantera A. Aldrey J. A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez A. 《Agroforestry Systems》2021,95(5):775-790
Agroforestry is a sustainable land management system recognized worldwide but not implemented in a extensive form in temperate and developed countries. Agroforestry has been promoted in the last decades at global level as it provides more efficient and sustainable farming systems. This review aims at summarizing the main research findings explaining why agroforestry is a sustainable land management that fulfils and is affected by different Global, Pan-European and European policies as well as how innovation is currently fostered in Europe, therefore linking research, policy and innovation. This review specially targets researchers and policy makers working in integrated land systems. There is a global and European recognition of the role that agroforestry can play to provide products but also to deliver highly important ecosystem services. However, the promotion of agroforestry practices at European level is still not well addressed by the Common Agricultural Policy. The clear identification of agroforestry practices, the link of management plans to establish agroforestry pursuing a final eligible tree density for the Pillar I payments should be addressed as initial steps to foster agroforestry in Europe. There is a lack of knowledge transfer that promotes agroforestry at field level, which should be approached by using stakeholder integration within the policy development as it is currently done by the EIP-Agri.
相似文献19.
Agroforestry potential in the southeastern United States: perceptions of landowners and extension professionals 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The first steps in developing an agroforestry extension and training program involve compilation, synthesis, and analysis
of current knowledge on existing practices. Equally important is to understand the perceptions of landowners and professionals
of agroforestry as a land use option. No systematic effort has been made to assess these critical issues in the southeastern
United States. Therefore, needs assessment surveys were developed following an analysis of major demographic issues that frame
land use in the region and synthesis of information obtained from informal site visits and interviews with people engaged
in resource and land use in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain. Surveys of extension professionals and landowners were then
undertaken in the states of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia to represent the southeastern region. In addition to getting insights
into the perceived benefits and concerns about agroforestry practices, the surveys indicated that the extent of alley cropping,
forest farming and silvopasture practiced by landowners was less than anticipated, and that the prominence of windbreaks was
overlooked by professionals. Managed riparian forest buffers or streamside management zones and windbreak technologies were
the most widely used forms of agroforestry in the study area, although landowners did not recognize influence of agroforestry
practices on quality or quantity of water among benefits of highest importance to them. Multistrata patio- or home gardens
were also a prominent landowner-practice and acknowledged by professionals. These survey results can be useful for developing
a relevant agroforestry extension and training program in the subtropical Southeast and may be of interest to agroforestry
efforts in other similar settings.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献