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1.
4种外源激素处理对羊草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
研究了100~600μg/g赤霉素(GA3)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)、25~100μg/g 6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)和脱落酸(ABA)对羊草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,100~300μg/g GA3和IAA以及25μg/g 6-BA对羊草种子的萌发最终表现为促进作用,总体效果为GA3>IAA>6-BA。当GA3和IAA浓度大于400μg/g或6-BA浓度大于50μg/g时对羊草种子的最终发芽率均表现为不同程度的抑制;25~100μg/g的外源激素ABA对羊草种子萌发没有抑制作用。GA3处理均能显著促进羊草幼苗的伸长,IAA和6-BA则表现为不同程度的抑制作用;GA3、IAA和6-BA 3种促进激素对羊草的根长和根冠比均表现为抑制作用;25~100μg/g ABA对羊草苗长、根长以及根冠比没有显著影响。 相似文献
2.
聚乙二醇胁迫下赤霉素浸种对番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以番茄幼苗为材料,研究了50 mg/g 的赤霉素(GA3)和清水浸种后用不同浓度的聚乙二醇(0、40、80、120 mg/g)胁迫对番茄种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:40 mg/g的聚乙二醇胁迫对番茄种子的萌发率、发芽指数、幼苗株高、根长有促进作用,120 mg/g的聚乙二醇明显抑制种子的萌发率、发芽指数、幼苗株高、根长;不同浓度的聚乙二醇胁迫明显降低了幼苗的叶绿素含量.用50 mg/g GA3浸种后明显增加聚乙二醇胁迫下番茄种子的萌发率、发芽指数、幼苗株高、根长和叶绿素含量.用50 m g/g GA3浸种对番茄幼苗的生长有一定的促进作用. 相似文献
3.
引发对黄芪种子萌发及幼苗抗旱性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究目的在于分析种子引发处理后黄芪发芽特性及幼苗抗旱性,探索提高黄芪种子萌发率的方法,为人工栽培黄芪提供技术支撑。采用20％ PEG-6000、0．25％ KNO3、100 mg·L-1 GA3、12．5 mg·L-16-BA及H2 O （对照）5种化学物质引发处理黄芪种子,进行萌发试验及干旱胁迫,测定种子萌发特性及有关抗旱生理指标。结果表明：各处理发芽势、发芽率的一致顺序为12．5 mg·L-16-BA＞100 mg·L-1 GA3＞0．25％ KNO3＞20％ PEG-6000＞H2 O。幼苗丙二醛（MDA ）含量、可溶性蛋白含量、脯氨酸含量、叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性（SOD ）、过氧化物酶活性（POD ）和过氧化氢酶活性（CAT ）与CK之间存在显著差异。比较各处理黄芪幼苗的隶属函数平均值可看出,不同引发处理黄芪种子,幼苗的抗旱性顺序为H2O＞20％ PEG-6000＞0．25％ KNO3≈12．5 mg·L-16-BA＞CK＞100 mg·L-1 GA3。结论：采用20％ PEG-6000或0．25％ KNO3作为引发剂处理黄芪种子,可有效促进黄芪种子萌发和提高幼苗抗旱性。 相似文献
4.
刘建利 《干旱地区农业研究》2010,28(2):113-117
本实验旨在研究蒺藜状苜蓿种子发芽对外源激素的响应。使用6-BA、GA3、ABA、NAA、乙烯利I、AA和IBA共7种激素,每一激素各设0.1、1.0、1.5、2.0、5、10、201、000μmol/L共8种浓度梯度,浸湿滤纸发芽床,置50粒蒺藜状苜蓿种子进行发芽试验,以蒸馏水处理为对照,设3个重复,统计发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和发芽天数。结果显示:外源激素20μmol/L 6-BA、GA3、乙烯利和5μmol/L IAAI、BA促进蒺藜状苜蓿种子发芽,NAA和ABA抑制蒺藜状苜蓿种子发芽,ABA抑制能力较强。 相似文献
5.
中性盐和碱性盐胁迫对黑果枸杞种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在中性盐（NaCl ）和碱性盐（Na2 CO3）胁迫下,对采自河西走廊黑河中游的黑果枸杞进行种子萌发及幼苗生长试验,测定了发芽率（Gr ）、发芽势（Gv ）、发芽指数（GI ）、活力指数（VI ）和相对盐害率及幼苗的组织含水量、可溶性蛋白质含量、叶绿素含量、电导率、丙二醛含量和POD含量等指标。结果表明,黑果枸杞种子萌发的NaCl、Na2 CO3浓度的临界值分别是50 mmol·L－1和2．5 mmol·L－1,极限值分别是300 mmol·L－1和100 mmol·L－1;在NaCl和Na2 CO3胁迫下,发芽率分别为69．17％和71．67％;幼苗组织含水量分别由对照的88．97％降低到56．17％、70．27％;可溶性蛋白质含量最大值分别为7．09％、7．73％;叶绿素含量分别由对照的1．27 mg·g－1降到0．78 mg·g－1、0．92 mg ·g－1;电导率分别由对照的25．63％增加到64．77％、74．8％;丙二醛含量分别由对照的1．5μmol·g－1增加到6．9、6．5μmol·g－1;POD活性分别由对照的380．4 U·g－1·min－1降低到139．2 U·g－1·min－1、192．7 U·g－1·min－1。黑果枸杞是盐生植物,低浓度的盐促进萌发,高浓度的抑制萌发;碱性盐更适合其生长;黑果枸杞幼苗在盐胁迫下的生理响应及生态适应综合表现出黑果枸杞更适于碱性盐生长。 相似文献
6.
薇甘菊化感作用的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对薇甘菊(Mikaniamicrantha)提取物乙醇部分的化感作用进行了初步研究。结果表明,薇甘菊提取物乙醇部分对水稻、萝卜、黄瓜、菜心具有不同程度的化感作用,总体上呈现出低促高抑的现象,且随着溶液浓度增大而抑制作用增强。其中干物质为0.1g/ml的乙醇部分溶液对菜心的种子萌发,幼苗生长,根长生长抑制作用最为明显;干物质为0.01g/ml溶液对水稻的根长生长有明显的促进作用;干物质为0.002g/ml溶液对水稻,菜心的种子萌发,幼苗生长,根长生长也有一定的促进作用。 相似文献
7.
银胶菊植株水浸提液对几种植物的化感作用 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以萝卜、黄瓜、三叶鬼针草和马唐4种植物的种子为供试对象,测定了银胶菊植株水浸提液的化感活性.结果表明:(1)低浓度(0.01 g/ml)的银胶菊植株水浸提液对萝卜和黄瓜种子的萌发没有影响,相对萌发率均为100%,而对萝卜和黄瓜幼苗的生长却表现为促进作用,相对苗长分别为174.3%和103.9%,相对根长分别为151.9%和103.9%;(2)高浓度(0.5 g/ml)的银胶菊植株水浸提液对萝卜和黄瓜的种子萌发率、幼苗根长和苗高均表现为抑制作用,并随着浓度的提高,抑制作用增强;(3)不同浓度的银胶菊植株水浸提液对三叶鬼针草和马唐的种子萌发率、幼苗根长和苗高均表现为抑制作用,并随着浓度的提高,抑制作用增强.其中,当水浸提液浓度为0.5 g/ml时,三叶鬼针草和马唐的种子相对萌发率为0,受到强烈的化感作用. 相似文献
8.
为探讨真菌源激活蛋白在促进植物生长和增产方面的作用机理,研究了不同浓度激活蛋白处理对豌豆幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明,经1、2、5μg/mL激活蛋白处理后第7d,豌豆幼苗根系活力比对照分别增加了46.0%、58.5%和21.0%,硝酸还原酶活性比对照分别增加64.38%、140.62%和35.31%;处理后第15d,植物叶片叶绿素含量比对照分别增加了13.69%、18.49%和6.16%,可溶性糖含量比对照分别增加20.68%、32.03%和17.28%,可溶性蛋白含量比对照分别增加18.59%、32.05%和22.10%。不同浓度激活蛋白均能促进与植物生长相关的生理指标的提高,其中以2μg/mL的作用效果最好。 相似文献
9.
10.
以藜麦为研究对象,使用盆栽育苗法,设置0(CK)、150、300 mmol·L-1 3个混合盐碱(NaCl∶NaHCO3=1∶1)浓度处理,通过测定幼苗鲜质量、干质量及叶片叶绿素、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、丙二醛含量、抗氧化酶活性等生长及生理指标,研究盐碱胁迫对10份藜麦(Q1～Q10)种质幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明：随盐碱胁迫程度加剧,幼苗的株高、根长较对照有少量增高,Q1的150 mmol·L-1和300 mmol·L-1处理较CK增高3 cm,而鲜质量相较CK有明显的下降趋势,在300 mmol·L-1至150 mmol·L-1减少0.19 g;叶片叶绿素含量中的Q6由CK的2.7 mg·g-1在150 mmol·L-1时上升至4 mg·g-1,在300 mmol·L-1时下降至2 mg·g-1;Q1的可溶性糖由CK的30.8 mg·g 相似文献
11.
R. Rabbinge G. W. Ankersmit G. A. Pak 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1979,85(5):197-220
The epidemiology ofSitobion avenae and its natural enemies in winter wheat was studied in 1975, 1976 and 1977. Immigration was important until the end of flowering. The alate immigrants had apterous offspring. These became the driving force in population growth. Their offspring were mostly alatae which usually left the field. A model of the epidemic was developed. Quantitative relations between the aphids and their environment were obtained from literature or established in laboratory trials. The model simulated population development and population composition from the beginning of June till the population peak at the end of June or early in July. Because quantitative data on relations between aphids and their natural enemies and pathogens are scarce, and since the knowledge on wing formation is still limited, the population collapse could not be predicted. In the future, prognosis over a period of three weeks seems possible.Samenvatting De toenemende betekenis van graanbladluizen (vooralSitobion avenae) gepaard gaande met een sterke toename van het gebruik van insecticiden op granen maakte verbetering van de prognose over het schadelijk optreden wenselijk. Door gedetailleerde tellingen in het veld (Fig. 1–7) werden gegevens verkregen over het verloop van de epidemie en het optreden van natuurlijke vijanden in 1975, 1976 en 1977.Een immigratieperiode tot in de bloei kon worden vastgesteld. Daarna lijkt de aantrekkelijkheid van het gewas voor alate luizen te verminderen. De alate immigranten krijgen aptere nakomelingen. Deze vormen de stuwende kracht van de populatiegroei. De nakomelingen van apteren zijn merendeels alaat. Zij verlaten het gewas.Een model van de populatieontwikkeling gedurende de epidemie werd opgesteld. De relatiediagrammen Fig. 9 en 10 laten groei en ontwikkeling vanS. avenae en een predator (Syrphus corollae) zien. Kwantificering van de betrekkingen werd mogelijk door literatuurgegevens en laboratoriumexperimenten.Met het model kon de populatieontwikkeling vanS. avenae vanaf begin juni tot aan de populatiepiek in 1975, 1976 en 1977 vrij goed worden gesimuleerd (Fig. 12). Ook de populatieopbouw kon worden gesimuleerd (Fig. 14). De teruggang van de populatiedichtheid blijkt moeilijker te voorspellen door het ontbreken van gegevens over natuurlijke vijanden.Het lijkt waarschijnlijk dat in de toekomst met het model een prognose over de piek van de bladluispopulatie circa 3 weken tevoren mogelijk zal zijn. 相似文献
12.
H. A. Van Hoof H. Huttinga A. Knaap H. P. Maas Geesteranus W. H. M. Mosch D. G. J. De Raay-Wieringa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1979,85(3):87-98
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten. 相似文献
13.
Meira Bar-Eyal Edna Sharon Yitzhak Spiegel 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(4):427-433
Organic amendments and green manure are potential alternatives to the harmful chemical control means currently used against
plant-parasitic nematodes. In this work, Chrysanthemum coronarium was applied to the soil as a green manure to control the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica. Chrysanthemum coronarium significantly reduced nematode infection of tomato roots and improved plant-top fresh weight, both in the greenhouse and
in microplots. Other green manures, derived from Anthemis pseudocotula, wild chickpea (Cicer pinnatifidum), Geranium spp. and wheat, were not as effective as C. coronarium. Chrysanthemum coronarium, retained its nematicidal activity even when applied as a dried material. Only mature C. coronarium plants, in their flowering stage, exhibited nematode control activity, but the green plant parts were more effective than
the flowers. An aqueous extract of C. coronarium exhibited in vitro, nematostatic activity towards M. incognita and M. javanica second-stage juveniles and inhibited their hatching from eggs and egg-masses; its nematostatic activity was expressed also
against other phytonematode species such as Heterodera avenae and Pratylenchus mediterraneus, but did not affect the beneficial entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae. 相似文献
14.
G. J. Bollen D. Volker A. P. Wijnen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1989,95(Z1):19-30
Samples of heavily infested crop residues were incorporated in static compost heaps (2.5–4.6 m3) of the Indore type. Temperature increased to 50–70°C within 6 days depending on the type of crop residues used and the location within the heap. The heat phase (>40 °C) lasted 2–3 weeks and was followed by a c. 5-months maturation phase (<40 °c).=" among=" the=" 17=" pathogens=" tested,=">Olpidium brassicae and one of the four formae speciales ofFusarium oxysporum that were tested survived composting, but also their inoculum was greatly reduced.Survival during specific phases of composting was studied by incorporation and retrieval of samples at various stages of the process.F. oxysporum f. sp.melonis was completely inactivated andO. brassicae andPlasmodiophora brassicae were almost completely inactivated during the short heat phase. The three pathogens survived the long-lasting maturation phase without loss of viability. Heat evolved during composting was found to be the most important factor involved with sanitation of crop residues. The possible involvement of fungitoxic conversion products and microbial antagonism is discussed. 相似文献
15.
浅黄恩蚜小蜂和丽蚜小蜂对温室白粉虱的寄生潜能分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
浅黄恩蚜小蜂Encarsia sophia GiraultDodd和丽蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa Gahan是防治粉虱类害虫的优势寄生蜂,通过生命表技术方法分析了2种寄生蜂对温室白粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood)的防治潜能。结果表明,丽蚜小蜂在羽化第3天和第10天出现2次寄生高峰,占其总寄生量的13.7%和8.0%,在2次高峰之间逐日寄生粉虱数量比较平稳,单雌逐日平均产雌数保持在10.6~13.4头,10 d后寄生量呈明显的下降趋势;而浅黄恩蚜小蜂羽化10 d内逐日寄生粉虱量变化不大,单雌逐日产雌数稳定在4.2~5.4头,羽化14 d后寄生量呈明显下降趋势。丽蚜小蜂和浅黄恩蚜小蜂的R0、T、rm、λ值分别为171.5、18.0、0.2854、1.3303和61.6、16.2、0.2544、1.2897;粉虱若虫充足时,丽蚜小蜂平均单雌寄生若虫数是浅黄恩蚜小蜂的2.7倍,而后者平均单雌取食若虫数为60.6头,明显高于前者42.7头,总的来看,丽蚜小蜂通过寄生和取食杀死粉虱总量220.8头,明显高于浅黄恩蚜小蜂的127.9头。表明在应用寄生蜂防治温室白粉虱时,单独释放丽蚜小蜂比浅黄恩蚜小蜂显示出更好的防治潜能。 相似文献
16.
Yurika Matoba Norio Kondo Seishi Akino Fujio Kodama Shigeo Naito Shigehiko Ebe 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(1):81-85
Five Pythium species (Pythium irregulare, P. mamillatum, P. myriotylum, P. spinosum and P. ultimum var. ultimum) were isolated from the hypocotyls and roots of kidney bean plants with damping-off from a commercial field and from experimental
plots that have undergone either continuous cropping with kidney bean or rotational cropping with arable crops. In inoculation
tests, all five Pythium species were pathogenic to kidney bean. This is the first report of damping-off of kidney bean caused by Pythium species; we named this disease damping-off of kidney bean.
The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession numbers AB291811, AB291944
and AB291945. 相似文献
17.
P. Oyarzun M. Gerlagh A. E. Hoogland 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(1):23-33
Research on root rot pathogens of peas in the Netherlands has confirmed the prevalence ofFusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Pythium spp.,Mycosphaerella pinodes andPhoma medicaginis var.pinodella. Aphanomyces euteiches andThielaviopsis basicola were identified for the first time as pea pathogens in the Netherlands. Other pathogens such asRhizoctonia solani andCylindrocarpon destructans were also found on diseased parts of roots.
F. solani existed in different degrees of pathogenicity, and was sometimes highly specific to pea, dwarf bean of field bean, depending on the cropping history of the field.A. euteiches was specific to peas, whereasT. basicola showed some degree of physiological specialization. 相似文献
18.
D. Sivakumar R. S. Wilson Wijeratnam M. Abeyesekere R. L. C. Wijesundera 《Phytoparasitica》2002,30(1):43-51
Botryodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides andGliocephalotrichum microchlamydosporum are the causal fungi of the rambutan postharvest diseases stem-end rot, anthracnose and brown spot, respectively. Two different
treatments of rambutan fruits(Nephelium lappaceum) against the three pathogens were compared: potassium metabisulphite (250 ppm) or cinnamaldehyde (30 ppm), each combined withTrichoderma harzianum (TrH 40). The application of TrH 40 and potassium metabisulphite effectively controlled the incidence and severity of the
three postharvest diseases and maintained the overall quality and color of the fruit under low temperature storage at 13.5°C
and 95% r.h. for 18 days. The greatest effect of this treatment was shown onG. microchlamydosporum. Cinnamaldehyde affected the growth and germination of TrH 40, whereas potassium metabisulphite did not.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 4, 2001. 相似文献
19.
R. Rabbinge A. Brouwer N. J. Fokkema J. Sinke T. J. Stomph 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1984,90(5):181-197
The effects of the saprophytic mycoflora and its interference with cereal aphids on growth and yield of winter and spring wheat was studied in field experiments in 1980, 1981 and 1982.Yields varied between 5000 and 8000 kg dry matter of kernels per ha. The effect of the saprophytic mycoflora on yield was determined in different treatments: A) no control measures against cereal aphids and saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi, B) no control of cereal aphids, control of saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi, C) control of cereal aphids and control of saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi, D) control of cereal aphids and stimulation of saprophytic mycoflora and E) control of cereal aphids, no control of saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi nor stimulation of saprophytic mycoflora.Considerable differences in top densities of saprophytic mycoflora (10 times as large in A and D as in B and C) were determined. The consequences of these differences for the growth and productivity of wheat were minor. A negative effect of saprophytic mycoflora on the yield could not be detected in 1981 and 1982, whereas a small positive significant effect was found in 1980. This stimulation may have been due to competition between necrotrophic fungal pathogens and saprophytic mycoflora. As a result of favourable weather conditions necrotrophic fungal pathogens were very numerous in 1980 and could form an important yield reducing factor. Yield levels may effect the importance of the necrotrophic and saprophytic mycoflora as yield reducing factors. Additionally, in the presence of aphid honeydew captafol was found to be relatively ineffective against saprophytic fungi. 相似文献
20.
Y. F. Zhao W. T. Jones P. Sutherland D. A. Palmer R. E. Mitchell P. H. S. Reynolds J. P. Damicone C. L. Bender 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2001,58(6):247
Several pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae produce the phytotoxin coronatine (COR)in vitro, and the availability of purified toxin has facilitated development of immunological detection methods. A modified, indirect competitive ELISA using the COR-specific monoclonal antibody 11B8 was developed to detect COR in various host plants infected by P. syringae. The estimated detection limit for COR was 50 pg per well, and COR could be reliably quantified from 5 to 40 ng ml−1. The subcellular localization of COR within infected tomato tissue was investigated using the COR-specific antibody MAb 8H3G2. Immunofluorescence microscopy and immunogold labelling showed that COR was present inside tomato cells and was associated with chloroplasts and particles of proteinase inhibitor I. Localization studies indicated that COR is mobile in infected plant tissue and can be detected in healthy tissue adjacent to the bacterial lesions. 相似文献