首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The suitability of land animal by‐products (ABPs) in feed for Atlantic salmon postsmolts (initial weight 372 g) in sea water was studied in a feeding experiment, using poultry by‐product meal (PBM) and porcine blood meal (BM) as protein sources and poultry oil as fat source. Four extruded feeds were tested in a 2 * 2 factorial model, with or without ABP protein sources and with or without poultry oil. The control feed contained a mix of marine and plant ingredients. Initial feed intake was highest in the ABP protein‐based diets, whereas poultry oil had a weak opposite effect. No differences were seen in growth rate or body weight. Addition of PBM and BM led to increased FCR, and lower retention of crude protein and energy. This could be explained by lower digestibility of amino acids and crude protein, and a slightly lower energy level in these diets. Reduced igf1 mRNA levels in liver and muscle were seen in fish fed dietary ABP protein and oil. Despite lower protein digestibility of ABP protein, this study confirms the suitability of ABP protein and lipid in combination with plant ingredients in feed for Atlantic salmon growers.  相似文献   

2.
A 15‐week growth trial was conducted with juvenile, Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to study the efficacy of using algal meals as a source of highly unsaturated fatty acids in practical diets that are designed to contain no marine protein or oil sources. Based on previous study, a practical diet was designed containing co‐extruded soybean poultry by‐product meal with egg supplement and soybean meal as the primary protein sources for formulations containing 350 g kg?1 crude protein and 100 g kg?1 lipid. To further refine the diets, the fish oil in two of the diets was completely substituted with plant oils and oil originating from microbial fermentation products rich in docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ArA). A commercial shrimp feed was also included in the trial for comparison. The mean values for shrimp final weight (17.8 g), yield (537.7 g m?2 or 703.2 g m?3), survival (98.5%) and feed conversion ratio (1.4 : 1) showed no statistically significant differences between diets. The results suggest that co‐extruded soybean poultry by‐product meal and oil from heterotrophic microalgal fermentation sources can be potential candidates for fish meal and marine oil replacement in shrimp diets.  相似文献   

3.
Experimental diets were formulated to evaluate a “pure” poultry meat meal (PMM) source in diets formulated for juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). The digestible protein contribution of fish meal in a control diet was substituted by 25%, 50% and 75% of a processed poultry meat meal (PMM) on a digestible crude protein (DCP) basis and by 5% and 10% for an enzyme‐treated feather meal (EFM) and also a spray‐dried haemaglobin meal (SDHM), respectively. In a consecutive trial, diets were designed to assess the value of a “pure” (defatted) poultry protein substituting the fish meal (FM) protein content. Experimental diets included: a control diet, two test diets where 75% of FM was replaced by a full‐fat PMM (PMM75) or a defatted grade of PMM (dPMM75) and two test diets where 50% of FM was substituted for defatted PMM (dPMM50) or a 50:50 blend of soya bean meal and defatted PMM (SBM/dPMM) to produce a composite product. This soya bean/dPMM blend was tested to enhance the nutritional value of this key plant ingredient commonly employed in sea bream diets that can be deficient in specific amino acids and minerals. In the first trial, gilthead sea bream grew effectively on diets containing up to the 75% replacement of FM attaining a mean weight of 63.6 g compared to 67.8 g for the FM control fed group. For the consecutive trial, the fishmeal‐based control diet yielded the highest SGR followed by dPMM50 and SBM/dPMM blend inclusion but was not significant. Carcass FA profiles of gilthead sea bream conformed to the expected changes in relation to the dietary FA patterns, with the 18:1n‐9 representative of the poultry lipid signature becoming more apparent with PMM inclusion. The ratio of n‐3/n‐6 fatty acids was greatly affected in sea bream fed the full‐fat PMM at 75% inclusion due to fish oil exclusion. Defatted dPMM, however, allowed more of the fish oil to be used in the diet and reducing this latter effect in sea bream carcass, hence restoring the higher total omega‐3 HUFA fatty acids namely EPA and DHA and n‐3/n‐6 ratio. It is concluded that poultry meat meal can be modestly incorporated into formulated diets for sea bream and can be used in conjunction with soya bean meal without any fundamental changes in performance and feed efficiency.  相似文献   

4.
Abstract

The replacement of fish meal with soybean meal in fish diets has met with varying degrees of success. Quite often, poor responses to high soybean meal diets are due to a reduced palatability of the diet when fish meal is removed. Recent work has demonstrated that poultry by-product meal can be used as a substitute for fish meal in practical diets for juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), indicating it may have favorable palatability characteristics for this species. The present research was designed to evaluate the replacement of menhaden fish meal with solvent-extracted soybean meal in practical diets containing 20% poultry by-product meal and formulated to contain 44% protein and 10% lipid. Test diets were adjusted for phosphorus and methionine content to ensure that minimal dietary requirements were maintained. The response of red drum (mean initial weight 179 g) to diets containing fish meal ranging from 40 to 5% of the diet, as well as the response to a low fish meal diet supplemented with krill hydrolysate, were evaluated over a 14-week growth period. Final weights (percent gain) ranged from 588 g (237.8%) to 651 g (258.5%), with feed conversion efficiencies ranging from 62.1% to 69.9% and protein conversion efficiencies ranging from 27.8% to 30%. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed for diet intake, feed conversion efficiency, protein conversion efficiency, intraperitoneal fat ratio, or weight gain. Significant differences in protein intake and the hepatosomatic index were observed. The present findings suggest that fish meal can be reduced to 5% of the diet by replacing it with solvent-extracted soybean meal as well as methionine and phosphorus supplements. Although diets without poultry by-product meal were not tested, it is presumed that the poultry meal enhanced the palatability of the diets, allowing the replacement of fish meal with soybean meal.  相似文献   

5.
The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of three diet ingredients serving as protein sources for adult sturgeon Acipenser guldenstadti × A. bester was studied using an inert marker in the feed and collecting the faeces by stripping. Each experimental diet contained a different protein source, fishmeal, soybean meal and poultry meal, making up 50% of the total, the other 50% being reference diet (28% fishmeal, 9% poultry meal, 24% soybean meal, 26% wheat flour, 8% poultry oil plus 0.5% vitamins, egg yolk, guar and chromic oxide). The digestibility of protein from fishmeal was 81.0%, from soybean meal 81.9% and from poultry meal 64.6%. Energy digestibility tests gave the following results: fishmeal 13.0 kJ g?1; soybean meal 12.1 kJ g?1; and poultry meal 10.2 kJ g?1. The differences in the ADC of various protein and carbohydrate sources are discussed.  相似文献   

6.
The present paper gives an overview on the use of plant protein and plant oils as replacers for fish meal and fish oil in diets for Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. In focus are effects on growth, feed utilization, digestibility, gut health, muscle and liver uptake and retention of nutrients, and muscle quality. Plant oil can replace fish oil without affecting growth provided that the requirement of marine long chain (LC) n‐3 fatty acids is met, but the altered dietary fatty acid profile in diet will be reflected in both muscle and liver. This can reduce the value of cod liver as an oil source for cod liver oil production. For the fish itself, there are more challenges replacing fish meal than fish oil, due to the amount of fibre and antinutrients in plant protein meals. However, A. cod seems to tolerate a wide range of plant types and their inclusion levels provided that the amino acids requirements are met. It is our view that there is sufficient knowledge to be able to design an A. cod diet based on a mixture of plant and marine ingredients and be able to predict performance such as growth, feed utilization, digestibility, liver size and fish health in general.  相似文献   

7.
Two feeding trials examined the replacement of fishmeal (FM) with poultry by‐product meal (PBM) in the diet of juvenile Sparus aurata. In Feeding trial I (100 days), three diets were formulated, where FM protein was replaced by 50% (PBM50) and 100% (PBM100) PBM, while in Feeding trial II (110 days), four diets were formulated using the same FM control diet, but FM was replaced at lower levels: 25% (PBM25), and 25% (PBM25 + ) and 50% (PBM50 + ) with the supplementation of lysine and methionine amino acids. PBM protein can successfully replace 50% of FM protein in the diet of S. aurata without adverse effects on survival, feed intake, growth performance and feed utilization, given that the diet is balanced with lysine and methionine. The proximate composition of body and muscle was unaffected by the diet, but the total FM replacement resulted in reduced lipid and energy contents in fish. A fifty per cent FM replacement by PBM did not affect haematological parameters indicating a good fish health. Similarities in trypsin and chymotrypsin activities with FM‐fed fish suggest a high digestibility of PBM. High dietary levels of PBM reduced the liver gene expression of GH/IGF axis and of cathepsin D suppressing fish growth and modulating the protein turnover.  相似文献   

8.
A 12‐week feeding trial was carried out in concrete tanks to examine complete and partial replacement (75%) of fish meal (FM) with poultry by‐product meal (PBM), meat and bone meal (MBM) and soybean meal (SBM) in practical feeds for African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Triplicate groups of fish (initial body weight ranged from 90.33 to 93.93 g fish−1) were fed seven isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets of 20% digestible protein and 300 kcal 100 g−1 of digestible energy. The control contained 25% herring meal, whereas in the other six diets, PBM, MBM and SBM replaced 75% or 100% of the FM. Final body weight (FBW) and specific growth rate (SGR) of the fish fed diets containing PBM (75% and 100%), SBM (75% and 100%) and MBM (75%) were all higher, but not significantly different than those for fish fed the control diet. Replacing 100% of the FM by MBM significantly lowered FBW and SGR. Concerning whole body composition, there were no significant differences in ash and gross energy content of whole‐body among fish; fish fed diets containing PBM‐100% recorded significantly lower protein content compared with the control diet, while fish fed diet SBM‐100% recorded significantly lower moisture content compared with the control diet. Also fish fed diets SBM‐100% and PBM‐75% recorded higher lipid and gross energy contents compared with the control diet. The study revealed that satisfactory growth and feed utilization responses could be achieved through the replacement of FM by PBM, SBM and MBM in the diet of African catfish.  相似文献   

9.
A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of replacing fishmeal with poultry byproduct meal (PBM) and soybean meal in diets for largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. A reference diet (C) contained 400 g/kg fishmeal, and 40 or 60% of the fishmeal was replaced with a blend of pet‐food‐grade PBM and soybean meal (diets PP1 and PP2) or a blend of feed‐grade PBM and soybean meal (diets PF1 and PF2). No significant differences were found in weight gain, nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), condition factor, and body composition among fish fed diets PP1, PP2, PF1, and PF2. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were higher in fish fed diet PF1 than in fish fed diet PP1. No significant differences were found in weight gain, NRE, condition factor, and body composition between fish fed diet C and diets PP1, PP2, PF1, and PF2. The feed intake and FCR were lower in fish fed diet C than in fish fed diets PP2, PF1, and PF2. This study reveals that dietary fishmeal level for largemouth bass could be reduced to 160 g/kg by inclusion of PBM and soybean meal in combination.  相似文献   

10.
The effect of dietary substitution of animal and/or plant protein sources for fishmeal on the growth and body composition of juvenile abalone was determined. Nine experimental diets in triplicate were prepared: Con, SM, PM, CM, SPM, MB, SM+CM, SM+SPM and CM+SPM diets. A 350 g kg?1 fishmeal was included in the Con diet, and the whole fishmeal was substituted with a 580 g kg?1 soybean meal (SM), 335 g kg?1 poultry meal (PM), 370 g kg?1 corn gluten meal (CM), 325 g kg?1 silkworm pupae meal dehydrated (SPM), 590 g kg?1 meat and bone meal (MB), the combined 290 g kg?1 soybean meal and 180 g kg?1 corn gluten meal (SM+CM), 290 g kg?1 soybean meal and 160 g kg?1 silkworm pupae meal dehydrated (SM+SPM) and 180 g kg?1 corn gluten meal and 170 g kg?1 silkworm pupae meal dehydrated (CM+SPM) diets respectively. All experimental diets were iso‐nitronic and iso‐lipidic. The survival of abalone fed with the SM and SM+SPM diets was higher than that of abalone fed with the CM, SPM, MB and CM+SPM diets. Weight gain of abalone fed with the SM+SPM diet was higher than that of abalone fed with all the other experimental diets, except for that of abalone fed with the SM+CM diet. The combined soybean meal and corn gluten meal (SM+CM) or silkworm pupae meal (SM+SPM) could be replaced with the whole fishmeal in the diet for abalone and improved its performance.  相似文献   

11.
Aquaculture of redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, is rapidly developing in tropical and sub‐tropical regions of the world. As the industry is still in its infancy, grow out diets are generally not formulated specifically for this species as there is limited data on nutrient requirements and the acceptability of various ingredients. Given the recent increases in the price of fish meal (FM), the use of alternative protein sources such as poultry by‐product meal (PBM) may be more cost effective. The present research evaluated the response of juvenile redclaw to practical diets utilizing PBM as a replacement for FM. Juvenile redclaw crayfish (0.45 g ± 0.01) were stocked into 24, 600‐L, outdoor round tanks at a density of 12.5 m?2. Tanks were supplied water from a watershed reservoir and maintained on a flow through regime. Crayfish in four replicate tanks were maintained on one of the six diets formulated to contain 260 g kg?1 crude protein and 70 g kg?1 crude fat which had previously demonstrated good growth under similar conditions. FM in the basal diets was replaced with PBM at various levels, on an iso‐nitrogenous basis, so that the diets contained 150, 120, 90, 60, 30 and 0 g FM kg?1 diet and 78, 105, 132, 158, 185 and 212 g PBM kg?1 diet, respectively. At the conclusion of the 56‐day growth trial, survival (>83%) and growth (>11.3 g or 2400%) of the crayfish were not significantly different among treatments. Based on these results, PBM appears to be a viable candidate as a replacement for FM in redclaw crayfish diets.  相似文献   

12.
A 12‐week feeding trial was conducted to examine the replacement of fish meal with pet‐grade poultry by‐product meal (PBM‐PG) in the spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus diet. Five experimental diets were formulated to contain graded levels of PBM‐PG at proportion of 250, 500, 75 or 900 g kg?1. The control diet contained sardine fish meal as the main protein source. Four groups of 15 randomly assigned L. guttatus juveniles were fed to satiation 3 times day?1. Except for the fish fed the PBM‐PG90 diet, the growth performance, survival and feed utilization efficiency of the experimental fish were not significantly lower than those of the control fish. The dietary level of PBM‐PG did significantly affect the haematological characteristics (P < 0.05). The dietary dry matter and protein apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) decreased with increasing dietary PBM‐PG. High values for lipid ADCs were observed in all diets, with significant differences among the dietary treatments. The fish whole‐body protein, moisture, lipid and ash contents were not affected by the inclusion of dietary PBM. These results indicate that high‐quality terrestrial PBM can successfully replace more than half of the marine fish meal protein in the L. guttatus diet.  相似文献   

13.
We conducted a 12-week feeding trial with largemouth bass (LMB) to examine the interactive effects of non-fish dietary proteins with different lipid sources on the performance of LMB (3.4 g ± 0.05 g). Practical diets contained poultry by-product meal (PBM) in place of fish meal on a digestible-protein basis, and 12% blood meal (BM). Diets were supplemented with 10% lipid as canola (CAN), chicken (CHK), CHK + MFO (50 : 50), menhaden fish oil (MFO) or CHK + CAN (50:50). A commercial trout diet (SC) was included as a positive control. Growth, survival, feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), body composition, fatty acid composition of liver and muscle, hematological parameters and lysozyme and alternative complement activity (ACH50) were measured to assess diet effects. Weight gain (23.8 ± 1.8 g), survival (92 ± 4%), FI (44.3 ± 4.1 g), FCR (2.1 ± 0.1) and PER (1.3 ± 0.04) of LMB did not differ among the replacement diets. However, weight gain (38.5 ± 1.5), FI (53.9 ± 1.1), and PER (1.6 ± 0.1) of LMB fed the SC diet was higher and FCR (1.4 ± 0.1) was lower than that of fish fed the test diets. No signs of essential fatty acid deficiency were observed, although tissue concentrations of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids declined markedly in LMB fed diets without fish oil. Lymphocytes were elevated in fish fed diets with ≥ 7% n-3 fatty acids. Fish fed diets with 10% MFO or CHK + MFO had higher ACH50 than fish fed the diet with 10% CHK. There were no differences in serum lysozyme activity among fish fed the test diets. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, ACH50, and lysozyme activity were higher in fish fed the SC diet than in those fed the test diets. Regardless of lipid source, the ACH50 and lysozyme activity were greatly reduced in LMB fed PBM diets compared to LMB fed diets with 30% fish meal in a previous trial. The amino acid composition of the PBM was similar to that of fish meal. However, the availability of some essential amino acids from PBM to LMB may have been limited, and poor diet palatability caused by BM also may have reduced feed intake and performance of LMB.  相似文献   

14.
The present trials aimed to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal with plant proteins in diets for cod, using a regression design where fish meal constituted the control. The plant protein diets were formulated to meet the amino acid requirements according to NRC (1993) and contained corn gluten meal, soybean meal, a mixture of these, or a mixture of wheat gluten meal and soybean concentrate. The plant protein fraction constituted up to 440 g kg−1 of the extruded diet. Two feeding experiments were conducted, one at high (11 °C) and one at low (6.5 °C) temperature. High growth and feed utilization were obtained in all diet groups at both temperatures. However, only in Exp.1 (11 °C), growth and feed utilization were linearly reduced by increases in dietary soybean and corn gluten meal, while no such effect was detected in Exp.2 (6.5 °C). Reductions in protein retention were seen at both temperatures with use of all evaluated plant protein sources. Due to large amounts of plant protein ingredients in diet, differences in diet amino acid composition were seen. These were partly reflected in the muscle free amino acid pool. Dietary plant ingredients did not affect whole body, liver or muscle proximate compositions, or liver indices. In both experiments, blood parameters were within the range of earlier reported normal values and indicated, together with low mortality, good fish health status. The results show that there is high potential to use protein‐rich plant ingredients in diets for Atlantic cod.  相似文献   

15.
The organoleptic quality of barramundi fed for 66 days on pelleted diets containing varying amounts of fish meal and meat meal was determined in two experiments (E1 and E2). Each compared four diets: a 430 g kg?1 crude protein (CP) control diet (containing 35% Chilean anchovy fish meal); two diets containing high inclusions (40% or more) of meat meal; and a proprietary barramundi diet. In E1, the two meat meal diets contained 10% Chilean fish meal whereas the two meat meal diets in E2 had no marine protein ingredients. Panellists identified and rated the colour of flesh, and scored odour, flavour and texture characteristics and overall liking on structured graphic line scales (0–100). Fish fed the high‐meat meal diets were sweeter and firmer than those fed the high‐fish meal control diet in E1 (P < 0.05). Scores for fishy flavour were also highest for the meat meal diets and lowest for the proprietary diet. In both E1 and E2, scores were high (> 60) for overall liking and low (< 10) for undesirable odours and tastes. Exclusion of all sources of marine protein from the diet in E2 did not detract from the sensory value of the fish. The influence of diet on the fatty acid profile of the fish was examined in E2. Compared with fish fed the control diet, the neutral lipid fraction of those fed the meat meal diets had higher proportions of saturated and short‐chain monounsaturated fatty acids at the expense of longer chain fatty acids, especially 22:6n‐3. Polar lipids showed only subtle dietary effects, which were confined to the long‐chain unsaturated fatty acids.  相似文献   

16.
H. ZHU  G. GONG  J. WANG  X. WU  M. XUE  C. NIU  L. GUO  Y. YU 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(2):e389-e395
An 8w growth trial was conducted to determine the effect of partial replacement of fish meal (FM) by a blend of rendered animal protein (BAP, comprised of 40% meat and bone meal, 40% poultry by‐product meal, 20% hydrolyzed feather meal in diets for juvenile Siberia sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt). Five experimental diets were formulated. The control diet (C) contained 48% FM, whereas in the remaining four diets, FM were replaced by BAP at 25% or 50% level balanced by crystallized amino acid (AA) or spray‐dried blood meal (BM), which named as BAP25‐AA, BAP25‐BM, BAP50‐AA and BAP50‐BM, respectively. Weight gain rate of BAP50‐AA group was significantly higher than that of C group, while other BAP diets did not show negative effect on growth performance. The BAP25‐BM group exhibited the lowest feed conversion rate (FCR) (P < 0.05). FM replacement by BAP did not affect chemical composition of the whole body and crude fat level of the liver, but significantly affect the fillet lipid content. Hepatic aspartate aminotransferase and serum total protein, total cholesterol and triglyceride were reduced in fish fed diet BAP50B. Siberian sturgeon showed high efficiency on utilization of crystalline amino acid as good as those from BM.  相似文献   

17.
This study evaluated the potential of using poultry by‐product meal (PBM) to replace fish meal in diets for Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus. Fish (initial body weight 8.5 g fish?1) were fed six isoproteic and isoenergetic diets in which fish meal level was reduced from 400 g kg?1 (diet C) to 320 (diet PM1), 240 (diet PM2), 160 (diet PM3), 80 (diet PM4) or 0 g kg?1 (diet PM5), using PBM as the fish meal substitute. The weight gain (WG), specific growth rate, nitrogen retention efficiency, energy retention efficiency and retention efficiency of indispensable amino acids were higher in fish fed PM1, PM2, PM3 and PM4 diets than in fish fed diets C or PM5. The phosphorus retention efficiency was lower in fish fed PM3, PM4 and PM5 diets than in fish fed C, PM1 or PM2 diets. Fish fed diet PM5 had the highest feed conversion ratio, total nitrogen waste output (TNW) and total phosphorus waste output (TPW) among the treatments. No significant differences were found in the hepatosomatic index or body contents of moisture, lipid and ash among the treatments. Fish fed diet C had lower condition factor and viscerosomatic index than those of fish fed PM1, PM3, PM4 and PM5 diets. The results of this study indicate that using fish meal and PBM in combination as the dietary protein source produced more benefits in the growth and feed utilization of Japanese sea bass than did using fish meal or PBM alone as the dietary protein source. The dietary fish meal level for Japanese sea bass can be reduced to 80 g kg?1 if PBM is used as a fish meal substitute.  相似文献   

18.
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of replacing fish meal with poultry by‐product meal (PBM) and feather meal (FEM) in giant croaker (Nibea japonica) diet. The control diet (C) contained 400 g/kg fish meal, and 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of the fish meal in diet C was replaced by a blend of PBM and FEM (PBM: FEM = 7:3) in diets B20, B40, B60 and B80, respectively. The weight gain and feed intake of fish fed diet C did not differ from those of fish fed diets B20 and B40 (p > .05), but were higher than those of fish fed diets B60 and B80 (p < .05). Phosphorus retention efficiency was lower in fish fed diets C, B20 and B40 than in fish fed diets R60 and R80 (p < .05). No significant differences were found in feed conversion ratio, nitrogen retention efficiency, condition factor, hepatosomatic index, body composition and nitrogen waste among the treatments (p > .05). Ratio of fish meal consumption to fish production linearly declined with the decrease in dietary fish meal level. This study indicates that dietary fish meal for giant croaker could be reduced to 240 g/kg by inclusion of the blend of PBM and FEM.  相似文献   

19.
A 60 days feeding experiment was carried out with Black Sea turbot Psetta maeotica to determine the amount of poultry by‐product meal (PBM) that could replace fish meal (FM) in formulated diets without reducing growth performance. Juvenile Black Sea turbot (initial average weight, 30 g) were fed five isoenergetic (gross energy, 20.5 ± 0.21 kJ g?1 diet) and isonitrogenous diets (protein content, 550 ± 0.35 g kg?1). The control diet used white FM as the sole protein source, the other four diets were prepared to replace FM protein at levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% with PBM. The fish readily accepted all experimental diets and no mortality were recorded during the trial. There were no significant differences in growth performance of turbot (P < 0.05) fed the diets with 25% and 50% replacement levels compared with fish offered the control diet (100% FM), however, final body weight and specific growth rate values in the 50% replacement diet were about 8% lower than those of the control. Total nitrogen excretion in fish fed 50% replacement diet were about 10% higher than the control group, even though these parameters were not found to be statistically different. At the levels of 750 and 1000 g kg?1 of the protein, PBM inclusion caused a severe decrease in growth performance, feed utilization, protein efficiency ratio and per cent nitrogen retention. The results in the present study indicate that up to 25% of FM protein can be replaced by PBM protein without causing reduction in growth performance, nutrient utilization and nitrogen retention.  相似文献   

20.
Sustainable and profitable commercial aquaculture production of marine fish species is dependent on the development of sustainable protein sources as substitutes for expensive animal meals such as fishmeal (FM). Previous Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus studies have indicated that poultry by‐product meal (PBM) and meat and bone meal can be used to produce a FM‐free diet if suitable levels of nutrients (such as taurine) are included in the diets. In this study, we attempted to develop an all‐plant protein diet by removing the animal proteins in practical diets for pompano by substituting back select ingredients. A series of eight FM‐free diets were formulated, four systematically replaced soybean meal (SBM) with soy protein concentrate (SPC) and four replaced PBM with SPC. Based on the results, there is no clear disadvantage to the use of SPC as a replacement for SBM. However, the complete removal of PBM resulted in reduced performance. Two additional growth trials were conducted to supplement additional amino acids including glycine, valine and histidine, a proprietary chemical attractant mix, fish protein concentrate and squid hydrolysate to improve the growth of pompano when fed all‐plant protein diets. The only improvement in performance occurred with the squid hydrolysate. These results demonstrate that using soybean meal, soy protein concentrate and corn gluten meal as the primary protein sources, a plant‐based feed formulation can be developed, but the removal of all animal proteins is not yet feasible.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号