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1.
H. Zingstra 《Euphytica》1954,3(3):229-232
Summary The rapid growth of the number of potato breeders in the Netherlands was favourably influenced by a wide spread interest for all problems concerned with potatoes, by financial support and advice.In 1954, the number of potato breeders was 193; 46 of them can be considered professional breeders, while of 20 breeders one or more varieties figure in the Dutch List of Varieties 1954.The creation of the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding resulted in the enhancement of the level of potato breeding and the increase of the number of potato seedlings raised every year. 相似文献
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G. A. Thijn 《Euphytica》1964,13(3):239-244
Although in the period 1938–1948 the number of potato breeders in the Netherlands increased to ±200 there was not a well designed plan, with the exception of the programmes of breeding for wart disease resistance. In most years the second-year seedlings were severely attacked by diseases because the healthy-born first-year crop had been lifted too late.In 1948 the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding at Wageningen was started, leading to the foundation of the Potato Breeding Station Prof. Broekema Hoeve at Marknesse (N.E.Polder). The seedlings were raised in glasshouses and kept free from diseases. The virus-free clones were distributed to the Dutch potato breeders. In 1963 some 88,000 clones and some 600,000 true seeds were distributed.In developing parent material the Potato Breeding Station depends to a large extend on the work of the departments of potato breeding of the Institute and the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding. The parent material is evaluated through population analysis; annually ca 30,000 seedlings raised from clones are assessed.The distribution of starting material by governmental institutes, has furthered potato breeding in the Netherlands. 相似文献
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J. Trip 《Euphytica》1957,6(2):185-188
Summary In evaluating a potato variety as a parent for breeding purposes use was made of the experience gained in cattle breeding. In order to ascertain the influence of for instance Komeet on Record, seedlings of the cross Komeet × Record were compared with Record itself.It was found that Bintje and Engelum Y 226 exert a favourable influence on the spraign-resistance of the seedlings resulting from crosses using these varieties.The writer suggests the collection of more data by working on a larger scale with the cooperation of many breeders and the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding, in order to get a clearer perception of the value of potato varieties in breeding work for spraign-resistance. 相似文献
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J. C. Dorst 《Euphytica》1954,3(3):212-220
Summary In the Netherlands the home-bred varieties are developed almost entirely by private establishments. The Government institutes (Institute of Agricultural Plant Breeding and Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding) at Wageningen give advice to the breeders of field crops.The private plant breeders are informed of the results obtained and the working methods. They receive plant material for their breeding programme.The List of Varieties is the reference guide not only for the farmers but also to the plant breeders and the seedsmen. In the case of field crops it forms the basis for the seed inspection. A close connection exists between the breeding, variety-list and seed inspection. 相似文献
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H. de Haan 《Euphytica》1962,11(1):1-4
The writer gives a survey of the essential features of the Plant Breeder's Decree which has been in force now for 20 years. The protection of the breeder's work and its remuneration has exerted a stimulating influence on the development of plant breeding in the Netherlands.In discussing the rate of compensation for breeders the potato has been taken as an example. More than 480,000 guilders was paid to potato breeders as a compensation for the seed potato production of their varieties in harvest year 1958.The Plant Breeder's Decree also holds for varieties developed by foreign breeders provided that reciprocal arrangements exist with the country concerned. 相似文献
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J. C. Dorst 《Euphytica》1958,7(1):9-20
In the Dutch List of Varieties of 25 years ago many varieties occurred which are no longer grown now. By a change-over from the use of line-selection in local varieties to the application of artificial crossing, much progress was made in self-fertilizing plants (wheat, barley, oats, flax, etc.).Great improvements were also attained in the field of grasses. Many new grass strains from Dutch breeders now figure in the List.By paying more attention to disease resistance a number of resistant varieties have been obtained and important vistas have been opened. Increasingly and on a much larger scale than 25 years ago, use is made of the gene stock of other countries.In sugar beet, polyploid varieties have come to the fore, while everywhere attempts are being made to raise tetraploid fodder beets. In other crops also the prospects of polyploid varieties are encouraging.In the last 25 years many breeding establishments have been modernized. Many have glasshouses and use them to good advantage in their breeding work.The establishment of the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding (S.V.P.) rendered it possible to pay more attention to extension while private breeders are provided with good parent plants and selected hybrid populations.The Plant Breeder's Decree became a protection of the breeder's property. As a result the number of breeders increased considerably in the last 25 years, especially those in the field of potato breeding.
Adapted from an article in Dutch, published in the Memorial volume Tussen ras en gewas (Amidst crops and varieties) of the N.A.K. (3). 相似文献
Adapted from an article in Dutch, published in the Memorial volume Tussen ras en gewas (Amidst crops and varieties) of the N.A.K. (3). 相似文献
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H. Zingstra 《Euphytica》1963,12(1):41-48
Since 1950 an extensive system of trials for new potato varieties has been set up in the Netherlands. The author gives a scheme of testing the potato seedlings.The potato breeders in the Netherlands start annually with ± 500 to 600,000 seedlings. In late years on average 4 new potato varieties are placed on the List of Varieties. In spite of the small chances to breed potato varieties which are better than the existing ones, at 9 large, 25 medium and some 170 small establishments breeders are engaged in improving the potato in the Netherlands. 相似文献
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H. De Haan 《Euphytica》1962,11(2):115-125
The author gives a survey of the 71 Netherlands plant breeding establishments mentioned in the List of Varieties of Field Crops while also the research workers engaged in breeding agricultural crops have been included.The Plant Breeder's Decree 1941 stimulated plant breeding in the Netherlands so that the number of plant breeders increased considerably. The work of the existing plant breeding establishments was intensified accordingly.On a map of the Netherlands the location of these breeding establishments has been indicated.The article concludes with reflections on the plant breeding establishments in the Netherlands. 相似文献
10.
H. de Haan 《Euphytica》1963,12(2):130-136
Founded in 1912, the Plant Breeding Institute (I.v.P.) has been active in a wide field, particularly since 1923. Many projects have been initiated and developed in this time.Research and instruction in plant breeding have been important items in its working programme. They are supported by a well-organized library.Breeding work and the maintenance of varieties developed by the Institute have been carried out on a modest scale for instructional purposes. Many hybrid populations have been placed at the disposal of Dutch breeders and some important varieties were raised from them.The need of establishing and maintaining international contacts is met by the editing of Euphytica and the co-operation in the European Association for Research on Plant Breeding, Eucarpia.Advice to breeders of agricultural crops, the composition of the List of Varieties of Field Crops, legalisation of varieties and the seed inspection of these varieties were left to the authority of other institutions which were specially founded for those purposes. Close contacts with these organisations were maintained leading to much fruitful co-operation.The successive directors (O. Pitsch, C. Broekema, J. C. Dorst, J. Sneep) have aimed at developing a balanced combination of plant breeding, research on varieties and seed production. 相似文献
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F. E. Nijdam 《Euphytica》1964,13(3):201-205
Through the work of the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding, S.V.P., the Government contributes to plant breeding in the Netherlands.The S.V.P. provides the breeders of agricultural crops with basic material comprising semi-products, the development of which may be expected to present the breeders with difficulties. It also conducts research, the results of which breeders could use to advantage. There are no strict regulations for the interplay between the Government and the breeder which specify that the latter has to take over and complete the work begun by the former.A close consultation between the breeders and the Foundation is possible through working groups of the Netherlands Breeders' Association. The ideas and desires of the provate breeders regarding governmental activities in the field of plant breeding can be brought up for discussion at meetings of the working groups.Fifteen years of experience in co-operation between private breeders and the Government are outlined. Although it is not always easy to satisfy all interests, it may be said that the present system of co-operation is greatly appreciated by all the parties concerned and that important results have been obtained. 相似文献
12.
高淀粉加工专用型马铃薯育种研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
马铃薯淀粉具有其他淀粉不能替代的独特品质和功能,广泛应用于食品加工、化工、医药、纺织、造纸、饲料等领域。国内马铃薯淀粉的年产量远远不能满足市场的需求,高淀粉加工专用型新品种选育是目前我国马铃薯育种的重要目标之一。概述了马铃薯淀粉的特性、需求,国内外高淀粉专用马铃薯的育种现状,马铃薯淀粉产量构成及遗传特性,马铃薯淀粉合成主要相关酶及其基因表达,各种育种途径、方法在高淀粉加工专用马铃薯选育中的应用及研究进展等方面的内容,为马铃薯高淀粉加工专用新品种的选育提供参考。 相似文献
13.
J. C. s'Jacob 《Euphytica》1952,1(3):219-230
Summary In breeding new varieties it will be necessary in most cases to test the degree of resistance of the material by means of artificial infection. After discussing with plant breeders and phytopathologists the question of the research on disease resistance now being done in the Netherlands the Department of Research on Disease Resistance of the Institute for Phytopathological Research at Wageningen have found that the methods mentioned in addendum I are reliable enough to be used by the breeders themselves, though with the aid of the Department.The methods applied in special institutes because they are too complicated for the breeders, are mentioned in addendum II; they are wart-disease testing in potatoes, virus testing in strawberries and raspberries.Under III are treated the methods that are as yet not sufliciently developed to be applied successfully either by institutes or by breeders, and which are now being investigated in the Netherlands. 相似文献
14.
Since the discovery of the use of colchicine in plant breeding, breeders have created tetraploid sugar and fodder beet. The results obtained were not very encouraging and therefore they soon proceeded to develop varieties containing triploids.At the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding, Wageningen, polyploidy breeding was started in 1950. The initial material comprised two sugar beet varieties and five fodder beet varieties. By cytological examination of the aberrant individuals in the first and the second year after colchicine treatment, seed was obtained which produced a high percentage of tetraploids. In total 793 C2 families were tested on trial fields and from these 32% appeared to be better than the original diploid material.The breeders interested in the material were provided with seed and stecklings of all the families in the C1, C2 or C3 stage. With the distribution of this material the building up of tetraploid families at the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding has been closed. 相似文献
15.
H. De Haan 《Euphytica》1957,6(2):149-160
Summary In 1886L. Broekema (Wageningen) laid the foundation for wheat breeding in the Netherlands. He succeeded in breeding Wilhelmina wheat (1901) and later Juliana, among other varieties.About the same timeJ. H. Mansholt (Westpolder) andDr. O. Pitsch (Wageningen) started their wheat breeding programmes.It should be stated that these pioneers practised line selection in hybrid populations from the very beginning.Among the other wheat breeders mention should be made ofDr. R. J. Mansholt (Westpolder) who, among other varieties, developed Wilobo and Lovink winter wheat and Van Hoek and Mansholt Witte spring wheat. The Breeding Station C.B. (Hoofddorp) bred the variety Staring,M. Rademakers (Bant, N.E. Polder) Mado, the Seed Company Wiersum (Groningen) Titan, Demeter and Tavero.It appears from the varietal ranges (Figs. 6 and 7) that at present foreign varieties are widely grown. However, wheat breeding in the Netherlands has not fallen asleep; at some breeding establishments large-scale breeding programmes are under way. 相似文献
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J. C. Zadoks 《Euphytica》1959,8(2):104-116
New physiologic races can be produced by mutation, hybridization or heterokaryosis. The genetics of the host parasite relationship can be explained on the basis of the gene-for-gene hypothesis of Flor. Resistance breeding is an important agent in the appearance of a new race and in the evolution of pathogenicity. In America the resistance breeding in wheat is conducted along the following lines:
- 1.Searching for sources of resistance by testing collections of varieties and hybrids. 相似文献
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O. Banga 《Euphytica》1957,6(1):11-13
Summary Since the 16th century horticulture developed relatively early and rapidly in the Netherlands, and in the growing centres of vegetables and ornamentals a great number of highly improved varieties were produced by professional growers. A number of new fruit varieties was raised by professional men or by amateurs.During the last ten or twenty years science is being incorporated more and more into horticultural plant breeding. In ornamentals and vegetables this takes the form of cooperation between professional breeders and scientific institutions, in fruit the breeding work is mainly done by institutions. 相似文献
20.
On the problem of pre-harvest sprouting of wheat 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Summary The problem of pre-harvest sprouting in wheat is very intricate. New concepts in breeding for resistance to pre-harvest sprouting regard many components such as -amylase production potential, response to gibberellic acid and inhibition in the bracts as important as dormancy. In the research work carried out at The University of Sydney's Plant Breeding Institute, we found varietal differences for each of these components. We also developed criteria for screening breeding material for these components. The implications of our findings in planning efficient breeding programmes to evolve varieties with multiple resistance to pre-harvest sprouting have been discussed briefly. 相似文献