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1.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental magnesium (Mg) on the performance of gilts and parity 3 sows and their piglets. Fifty-six gilts (Trial 1) and 56 sows (Trial 2) were assigned to one of 4 treatments according to their mating weight, respectively. The treatments comprised corn-soybean meal based gestation and lactation diets (0.21% magnesium) supplemented with 0, 0.015, 0.03, or 0.045% Mg from mating until weaning. The results showed that magnesium supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the weaning to estrus interval in both gilts and sows. There were significant effects (P < 0.05) of supplemental magnesium on the total number of piglets born, born alive and weaned in sows. In late gestation and lactation, the digestibility of crude fiber (quadratic effects, P < 0.05), and crude protein (P < 0.05), were significantly influenced by magnesium in gilts and sows, respectively. There were differences among the 4 groups in terms of the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber in sows (P < 0.05) during both early and late gestation. The apparent digestibility of gross energy was increased for sows in late gestation (P < 0.05), and lactation (quadratic effects, P < 0.05). At farrowing and weaning, serum prolactin levels and alkaline phosphate activities linearly increased in sows as the Mg supplementation increased (P < 0.05). Serum Mg of sows at farrowing and serum urea nitrogen of sows at weaning was significantly influenced by Mg supplementation (P < 0.05). The Mg concentration in sow colostrum and the serum of their piglets were increased by supplemental magnesium (P < 0.05). In addition, growth hormone levels were linearly elevated (P < 0.05) in the serum of piglets suckling sows. Our data demonstrated that supplemental magnesium has the potential to improve the reproduction performance of sows, and the suitable supplemental dose ranged from 0.015% to 0.03%.  相似文献   

2.
A 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized block design was used to determine the effects of dietary Arg supplementation during gestation and lactation on the lactation performance of 38 first-parity sows. At 30 d of gestation, pregnant gilts were allotted based on BW to 1 of 2 diets supplemented with 1% L-Arg.HCl or 1.7% L-Ala (isonitrogenous control). After farrowing, sows were further allotted based on BW within previous gestation treatment groups to 1 of 2 lactation diets supplemented with 1% L-Arg.HCl or 1.7% L-Ala (isonitrogenous control). All gestation diets contained 3.1 Mcal/kg and 12.2% CP (as is) and were fed 2 kg/d in 2 equally sized meals, whereas all lactation diets contained 3.2 Mcal/kg and 18.6% CP (as is) and were fed ad libitum. Litter size was standardized to 10 piglets by cross-fostering within 24 h postfarrowing. On a weekly basis, BW and backfat (BF) thickness of sows, as well as piglet BW were measured, and blood and milk samples were obtained from the sows. Number of days from weaning to estrus and ADFI were also recorded. There were no differences in BW, BF thickness, ADFI, or days until return to estrus among treatment groups. There was no effect of the gestation diet or a gestation x lactation diet interaction on any parameter measured. On d 7 of lactation, plasma concentrations of Arg and insulin in sows, as well as concentrations of most AA in milk, were greater (P < 0.05) in response to Arg supplementation during lactation compared with the control. Weight gain of piglets from sows fed the Arg-supplemented diet during lactation was greater between d 0 and 7 (P < 0.01) and between d 0 and 21 (P < 0.05) of lactation compared with piglets from sows fed the control diet. Collectively, results from this study indicate the potential beneficial effects of dietary Arg supplementation in improving the lactation performance of first-parity sows.  相似文献   

3.
本试验旨在研究母猪妊娠后期和泌乳期饲粮中添加中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)对母猪繁殖性能、血清生化指标及初乳成分的影响。试验选取120头纯种大白妊娠母猪(3~5胎),根据母猪预产期相近,胎次、体况、历史繁殖成绩均衡分布的原则分为3组,每组40个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(含3.17%豆油),油剂组以0.6%纯油剂MCT替换基础饲粮中0.6%的豆油(含2.57%豆油),粉剂组在基础饲粮中添加0.5%微胶囊粉剂MCT。试验从母猪妊娠第85天开始至仔猪断奶结束。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,油剂组和粉剂组母猪产程分别提高了17.58%(P0.05)和9.21%(P0.05),母猪泌乳期平均日采食量分别提高了5.92%和10.07%(P0.05),母猪断奶后7日发情率分别提高了6.52%和4.25%(P0.05);饲粮中添加MCT对母猪其他繁殖性能指标无显著影响(P0.05)。2)饲粮中添加MCT对母猪血清生化指标均无显著影响(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,油剂组和粉剂组母猪初乳乳脂含量分别提高了18.09%和19.09%(P0.05),饲粮中添加MCT对母猪初乳成分均无显著影响(P0.10)。由此可见,在母猪妊娠后期及泌乳期饲粮中添加MCT未能改善母猪的生产性能、血清生化指标及初乳成分,但添加油剂型MCT可显著缩短母猪产程。  相似文献   

4.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding sows a bulky diet during gestation on their physiological and metabolic adaptations during the peripartum period, and to determine how these effects may relate to sow and piglet performances. From d 26 of gestation until farrowing, gilts were fed diets that contained 2.8 or 11.0% crude fiber (control and high-fiber diets, respectively, n = 9/group). Daily feed allowance provided the same amount of DE daily (33 MJ of DE/d). Throughout lactation, sows were allowed to consume a standard lactating sow diet ad libitum. Litters were standardized to 12 piglets beyond 48 h after birth. On d 105 of gestation, a jugular catheter was surgically implanted. Preprandial blood samples were collected from d 109 of gestation to the day after farrowing and on d 4, 18, and 26 of lactation. Meal tests and glucose tolerance tests were performed on d 109 of gestation and d 4 and 18 of lactation. During gestation, BW and backfat gain did not differ between treatment groups. During lactation, sows fed the high-fiber diet ate an average of 0.94 kg/d more than control sows (P < 0.02). Piglets born from sows fed the high-fiber diet grew faster than piglets from control sows (P = 0.03). Body weight and backfat losses did not differ between the 2 treatment groups. Sows fed the high-fiber diet during gestation had lesser concentrations of leptin before farrowing than control sows (P < 0.01). Leptin concentrations were negatively correlated with feed intake during lactation (P < 0.05). The prepartal increase in prolactin concentrations tended to be greater in sows fed the high-fiber diet than in control sows (P < 0.1). Preprandial concentrations of glucose, NEFA, lactate, and IGF-I fluctuated over time without significant treatment effect. Glucose half-life was shorter in late gestation than during both stages of lactation, but did not differ between sows in the 2 groups. In late gestation, the postprandial increases in glucose and insulin were delayed, and smaller, after a high-fiber meal than after a control meal. During lactation, glucose and insulin profiles after a standard meal did not differ between sows from treatment groups. In conclusion, the greater appetite of lactating sows fed a high-fiber diet during gestation does not seem related to changes in glucose and insulin metabolism and may be partly due to decreased secretion of leptin. The greater feed consumption was accompanied by a faster growth rate of piglets without sparing effect on maternal body reserves.  相似文献   

5.
Twenty-five crossbred gilts and 25 crossbred sows were used in an experiment to estimate the riboflavin requirement of lactating swine. During gestation the females were fed a 12% crude protein, corn-soybean meal diet that was marginal in riboflavin content, i.e., 2.3 mg/kg. After farrowing, litter size was equalized across lactation diets within each parity category. The basal, 14% crude-protein corn-soybean meal lactation diet was supplemented to provide five levels of dietary riboflavin: 1.25, 2.25, 3.25, 4.25 and 5.25 mg/kg. Five gilts and five sows were fed each dietary treatment. Each dam was provided her assigned diet ad libitum during the 24-d lactation; piglets were not provided supplemental feed. The erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGRAC), an indicator of riboflavin status, was measured on blood samples obtained from the dams and their piglets on d 1 and d 24 postpartum. On d 1, the mean EGRAC of gilts was slightly higher than that of sows, while piglet EGRAC was similar regardless of maternal age. On d 24 gilts and their piglets had higher average EGRAC (P less than .01) than did sows and their piglets. Thus, there was a treatment x dam age interaction (P less than .05). Lactation performance criteria gave further evidence of similar treatment x age group interactions. Gilts fed the diet containing 1.25 ppm riboflavin had higher piglet mortality, consumed less feed and lost more weight (P less than .05) for each criterion than did sows fed the same diet. Despite these observations, the broken-line estimates of the riboflavin requirement, based on EGRAC, for gilts and sows were 16.3 and 16.2 mg/d, respectively. The EGRAC values for piglets closely paralleled those of their dams regardless of treatment, suggesting that there is no mechanism to protect the nursing piglets from a maternal dietary deficiency of riboflavin.  相似文献   

6.
Thirty‐two sows were allocated to four treatments to evaluate the effect of dietary star anise (SA) supplementation during gestation and lactation on the lactational performance of sows. At 85 days of gestation, sows were randomly allotted to one of two diets supplemented with 0.5% SA or basal diet. After farrowing, sows were further allotted to one of two lactation diets supplemented with 0.5% SA or basal diet. On a weekly basis, body weight (BW) of sows and piglets was measured. Blood and milk samples were obtained from the sows and piglets. Number of days from weaning to estrus, milk yield and feed intake were also recorded. Weight gain of piglets from sows fed the SA‐supplemented diet during lactation was greater between days 7 and 14, days 14 and 21 and the overall experimental period compared with control groups. Supplementation of SA during lactation improved weaning weight of piglets, milk yield and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of sows. The SA diet increased concentrations of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) in ordinary milk and prolactin (PRL) in serum of sows. In conclusion, this study has indicated the beneficial effects of dietary SA addition in improving the lactation performance of sows.  相似文献   

7.
A cooperative experiment to evaluate biotin addition to sow diets was conducted at three research stations using 303 litters. Primiparous and multiparous sows (overall average parity 2.8) were fed a 14% CP corn-soybean meal diet (140 micrograms/kg biotin), with or without supplemental biotin (330 micrograms added biotin per kg feed), throughout gestation and lactation. As many sows as possible were fed their respective diets through three successive parities. During gestation, sows were given from 1.82 to 2.27 kg of feed per day, depending on environmental conditions; during lactation sows had ad libitum access to feed. Supplemental biotin had no effect (P greater than .35) on sow weights at breeding, at d 109 of gestation, at farrowing or at weaning. No differences were found in litter size at birth (P greater than .18), but at d 21 of lactation, sows fed the diet containing supplemental biotin had larger litters than sows fed the unsupplemented diet (9.4 vs 8.7 pigs, respectively; P = .01). Pig weights at birth and d 21 of lactation were not affected (P greater than .20) by dietary treatment. Biotin supplementation did not affect (P greater than .28) the length of the interval from weaning to estrus. No evidence was found that feet cracks or bruises were reduced by biotin supplementation. The results indicate that biotin supplementation of a corn-soybean meal diet during gestation and lactation increased the number of pigs at d 21 of lactation, but it did not decrease the incidence of foot lesions.  相似文献   

8.
A total of 684 sows from breeding groups over 6 wk was used to compare three methods of feeding during gestation on gestation and lactation performance. Control gilts and sows were fed according to body condition based on a scale of 1 to 5 (1 = thin, 5 = fat). Sows were visually assessed for body condition at breeding and were assigned a daily feed allowance to achieve a BCS of 3 at farrowing. Treatment 2 used feeding levels based on backfat thickness (measured between d 0 and 5 after breeding) and weight at weaning for sows or service for gilts. Feed allowance was calculated to achieve a target backfat of 19 mm at farrowing, and remained constant from d 0 to 101 of gestation. Feed allowances were based on modeled calculations of energy and nutrient requirements to achieve target sow maternal weight and backfat gains. Treatment 3 was identical to Treatment 2, except that feeding pattern was altered for thin sows and gilts (<15 mm at service) in an attempt to reach 19 mm by d 36 of gestation. Sows were weighed at the previous weaning, and gilts were weighed at service, with both weighed again between d 112 and 114 of gestation. Backfat was measured between d 0 and 5, and again between d 108 and 113 of gestation. At farrowing, sows on Treatments 2 and 3 had 19 and 19.1 mm of backfat, respectively, whereas control sows tended to have greater (P < 0.07) backfat (20 mm). On average, sows targeted to gain 6 to 9 mm of backfat failed to reach target gains regardless of feeding method. Feeding sows in gestation based on backfat (Treatments 2 and 3) resulted in a numerically higher proportion of sows in the target backfat range of 17 to 21 mm (40.2, 53.3, and 52.6% for control and Treatments 2 and 3, respectively) at farrowing and a numerically lower percentage of fat sows (>21 mm), but no difference in the percentage of thin sows (<17 mm) compared with feeding based on body condition. In conjunction with this observation, sows fed based on BCS were fed higher (P < 0.05) feeding levels in gestation than were sows fed based on backfat depth. Gestation feeding method had no effect on performance during lactation. Feed intake in lactation was lower (P < 0.05) for high backfat sows (>21 mm) at farrowing compared with sows with <21 mm. The high proportion of sows in the optimal backfat category demonstrates that feeding based on backfat and BW has potential for facilitating more precise feeding during gestation.  相似文献   

9.
The current study was carried out to determine the effects of alpha‐lipoic acid (LA) supplementation during late‐gestation and lactation on antioxidative ability and performance of sows and their nursing piglets. A total of 160 multiparous sows were randomly allocated to four treatments with 40 replicates per treatment according to parity number and backfat (BF) thickness. Sows were fed 1 of 4 diets from day 85 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. Diets were control without LA; 400 ppm LA supplementation; 600 ppm LA supplementation; and 800 ppm LA supplementation. BF thickness of sows was determined on day 85 and 110 of gestation and days 1 and 21 of lactation. Piglet bodyweight was measured at birth, days 7, 14 and 21. Blood samples were obtained from the sows, and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of the sows during lactation was recorded. There were no differences in BF thickness or ADFI among treatment groups. Dietary LA supplementation resulted in a decrease in blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.01) concentration at days 110 of gestation. Dietary 800 ppm LA increased serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity (p < 0.05) and reduced maleic dialdehyde levels (p < 0.01) of sows compared with the control diet at days 21 of lactation. Alpha‐lipoic acid supplementation increased the birthweight and weaning weight of piglets (p < 0.01) compared with the control group. Weight gains of piglets from sows fed the 800 ppm LA diets were greater (p < 0.01) between days 7 and 14 compared with piglets from control sows. Weight gains of piglets from sows fed the LA‐supplemented diets were greater between days 14 and 21 (p < 0.05) and between days 1 and 21 (p < 0.01) compared with piglets from control‐fed sows. In conclusion, the results indicate that antioxidant LA was effective in enhancing antioxidant enzymes activity and improving the performance of sows and their nursing piglets.  相似文献   

10.
The study was conducted to determine the response of sows to oxidized and reduced forms of supplemental folic acid in the diet. Gilts were mated and fed a standard corn-soybean meal diet with no supplemental folic acid. On d 105 of gestation, gilts were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments for the remainder of the study. Treatments were: 1) diet with no supplemental folate (control), 2) diet with 2.1 ppm (calculated) of added folate supplied by a synthetic pteroylmonoglutamate form (MG), 3) diet with 2.1 ppm (calculated) of added folate supplied by N5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA), or 4) a commercial bacterial cell powder source (Aj-PG) rich in reduced folates. Blood samples for high-performance liquid chromotography determination of reduced plasma folates were collected from gilts on d 105 of gestation, at weaning, at mating, and when the females were slaughtered on d 45 after mating for the second parity. There were 19, 18, 18, and 22 sows for the control, MG, THFA, and Aj-PG treatments, respectively. Supplementing folacin just before farrowing and during lactation had no effect on sow and litter performance during parity 1 (P > 0.10). Live fetuses at d 45 of gestation in Parity 2 were 10.06, 12.23, 10.87, and 11.07 for the control, MG, THFA, and Aj-PG treatments, respectively, and did not differ (P > 0.10). Fetal survival and placental size and protein content were generally unaffected by folate treatment. Concentration of reduced folates in sow plasma was 13.50, 13.58, 22.50, and 17.79 nM at weaning and 12.55, 19.29, 18.96, and 21.88 nM at mating for the control, MG, THFA, and Aj-PG treatments, respectively, with the THFA treatment elevated above the controls at weaning (P < 0.05) and the Aj-PG treatment greater than controls at mating (P < 0.05). At weaning, the reduced sources of supplemental folate (THFA and Aj-PG) were more effective in elevating plasma reduced folates than the oxidized folate supplement (MG; P < 0.05). Nonetheless, folate supplementation did not significantly improve sow reproductive performance in the subsequent parity, and there was no indication that reduced folate sources were superior to the oxidized pteroylmonoglutamate form as folate supplements for sows.  相似文献   

11.
Twenty primiparous sows were allocated to two treatments to evaluate the effects of maternal 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD3) supplementation during gestation and lactation on milk quality and serum bone status markers of sows and bone quality of piglets. Immediately after mating, sows were randomly allotted to one of two diets supplemented with 50 µg/kg 25OHD3 or basal diets without 25OHD3. Blood and milk samples were obtained. At birth and weaning, 10 piglets from each treatment were killed for bone quality analysis. 25OHD3‐fed sows provided one more piglet at farrowing and 1.17 more piglets at weaning than sows fed basal diets. The contents of solids not‐fat, protein, fat or lactose were increased in milk from days 7 and 14 of lactation in 25OHD3‐supplemented sows and 25OHD3 concentrations in milk were increased by dietary 25OHD3 supplementation. Dietary 25OHD3 supplementation increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity but had no effect on serum tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase activity of sows. Maternal 25OHD3 supplementation improved bone strength, density and ash content of newborn piglets rather than those of weaning piglets. In conclusion, 25OHD3 supplementation in maternal diets improved reproductive performance, milk quality and bone status of sows as well as bone quality of newborn piglets.  相似文献   

12.
In a field trial conducted on a commercial swine farm, lean-genotype sows (n = 485) were fed diets containing 0 or 10% supplemental fat as either medium-chain triglyceride or choice white grease from d 90 of gestation until weaning (15.5 d). Effects on standard sow and litter production traits were examined together with assessment of sow body condition using live ultrasound. Daily feed intake during lactation was 10% higher in sows consuming diets without added fat (7.2 vs 6.5 kg; P < 0.01); however, lactation ME (23.9 Mcal/d) and digestible lysine (54 g/d) intakes were unaffected (P > 0.10). Sows supplemented with fat were 4 kg heavier on d 109 of gestation (220 vs 224 kg; P < or = 0.01), 1 d after farrowing (210 vs 214 kg; P < or = 0.01), and at weaning (210 vs 214 kg; P < or = 0.01). Expressed as overall gain, this amounted to a 23% increase (0.66 vs 0.86 kg/d; P < or = 0.01) and was accompanied by a 49% increase in backfat (0.82 vs 1.68 mm; P < or = 0.03) from d 90 to farrowing. Changes in sow weight (-0.01 kg/d) and backfat (+4.2 mm) over lactation were minimal and were not affected by fat supplementation (P > or = 0.10). Longissimus muscle area at weaning was slightly greater (44.96 vs 46.2 cm2) in sows consuming fat than in control sows (P < or = 0.05), but changes in longissimus muscle area were not significant from d 90 to weaning (P > or = 0.10). Gestation length, pigs born alive, average birth weight, survival (d 3 to weaning), and days to estrus were not affected by diet (P > 0.10). However, supplemental fat increased pig ADG (192 vs 203 g/d; P < 0.01) and average pig weaning weight (4.3 vs 4.5 kg) at 15.5 d (P < or = 0.02). No differences between the two fat sources were detected. This large-scale study demonstrated that supplemental fat during gestation and lactation effectively improved sow condition and improved suckling pig performance without affecting energy intake during lactation, implying improved efficiency of sow energy utilization.  相似文献   

13.
The objective of this study was to measure apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca and P as well as reproductive performance in late gestation and lactating sows supplemented with a novel phytase and to compare the response to phytase supplementation between late gestation and lactating sows. A total of 45 late gestation sows and 45 lactating sows were used in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, in a completely randomized design. The sows were provided with a control diet or the control diet supplemented with 187.5 or 375 FYT phytase/kg feed for 10 days. The diets were prepared according to the formulas in use for production but without any inorganic P supplement. Titanium dioxide was included at 3 g/kg feed as an indigestible marker. Each dietary treatment was replicated with 15 sows individually housed in farrowing stalls. The sows were allowed to adapt to the experimental diets for 5 days before a 5-d fecal collection by grab sampling, and the performance of the sows and their litters were measured until weaning. The results showed that the ATTD of Ca increased linearly (P < 0.001), while the ATTD of P increased both linearly and quadratically (P < 0.01) with increasing supplementation of phytase in both late gestation and lactating sows. There was no significant effect of phytase on the ATTD of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy, and the performance of the sows and their progenies. The phytase added at 187.5 and 375 FYT/kg feed released 0.07% and 0.10% digested P, respectively, in late gestation sows, which compared with 0.09% and 0.12% digested P in lactating sows. In conclusion, a novel phytase at 187.5–375 FYT/kg feed could release 0.07–0.12% digestible P for sows. It appeared that using the P digestibility values of feed ingredients listed by NRC to formulate a diet for sows might overestimate dietary P supply and a greater response to phytase supplementation could be expected in lactating sows than in late gestation sows.  相似文献   

14.
吴芳  赵桥 《中国饲料》2022,1(4):29-32
文章旨在评估日粮中添加羟甲基丁酸钙盐对妊娠后期到哺乳期母猪繁殖性能、乳成分及仔猪生长性能的影响.试验选择32头胎次接近的二元母猪,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复4头猪.对照组母猪在妊娠后期和哺乳期饲喂基础日粮,处理组母猪在妊娠和哺乳期饲喂基础日粮+8?mg/kg羟甲基丁酸钙,试验从分娩前6?d到仔猪21?d断奶....  相似文献   

15.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary live yeast (LY) supplementation during late gestation and lactation on reproductive performance, colostrum and milk composition, blood biochemical and immunological parameters of sows. A total of 40 multiparous sows were randomly fed either the control (CON) diet or the CON diet supplemented with LY at 1 g/kg from d 90 of gestation to weaning. Results showed that the number of stillborn piglets and low BW piglets were significantly decreased in the LY-supplemented sows compared with sows in the CON group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the concentrations of protein, lactose and solids-not-fat were increased in the colostrum of LY-supplemented sows (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GGT) at d 1 of lactation and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at weaning day were decreased by feeding LY diet (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, sows fed LY diet had higher plasma concentration of immunoglobulin G compared with sows fed CON diet at d 1 of lactation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, LY supplementation in maternal diets decreased the number of stillborn piglets and low BW piglets, improved colostrum quality and health status of sows.  相似文献   

16.
Crossbred gilts were used in a two-parity experiment to measure the effect on reproductive performance of feeding every third day during gestation.Diets were formulated with maize and soybean meal to 12% and 16% crude protein for gestation and lactation, respectively. Experimental feeding regimens were imposed from an average day 30 to an average day 109 of gestation. During this period, the gravid gilts or sows housed in confinement were fed either 1.9 kg of the gestation diet daily or permitted ad libitum access to the diet for 1 day in each 3-day period. The lactation diet was provided ad libitum from farrowing until weaning at 28 days post partum. From weaning until the dietary treatments were reimposed about 30 days post-coitus, the females were fed 1.9 kg of the gestation diet per day.First-parity females fed ad libitum every third day consumed an average of 0.4 kg more feed per day than did those restricted to 1.9 kg of diet per day. There was no effect of feeding regimen on gestation weight gain or any criteria of reproductive performance, e.g. litter size or weaning weights of piglets. During the second parity, sows allowed to eat ad libitum every third day gained significantly more weight during gestation than those fed daily, reflecting an average daily feed intake that was 1.2 kg greater than that of the control animals fed 1.9 kg day?1. Second parity reproductive performance was not affected by treatment. Backfat thickness measured at the point of the shoulder and at the last rib on day 30 and day 109 of gestation and at weaning increased during gestation and decreased during lactation regardless of feeding regimen or parity.Feeding gravid pigs every third day did not adversely affect reproductive performance; however, average daily feed intake was increased. Although the sows seemed to adapt quickly to a three-day feeding schedule, welfare aspects need to be investigated further.  相似文献   

17.
An experiment was conduced to investigate the effects of feeding grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol on lactation, metabolism, and reproductive performance after weaning of first parturition sows and to evaluate the efficacy of a polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent (GMA). Thirty-six Yorkshire sows were fed 3 diets (n = 12 sows/diet) from 91 +/- 3 d of gestation up to weaning on d 21 after farrowing. Diets included 1) control, 2) contaminated grains, and 3) contaminated grains + 0.2% GMA. The variables measured include ADFI, average daily BW change, serum biochemistry, milk composition, BW of litters at weaning, and weaning to estrus interval. The feeding of contaminated grains and contaminated grains + GMA reduced ADFI (P < 0.001). The feeding of contaminated grains resulted in weight loss (P = 0.007), as did the feeding of contaminated grains + GMA (P = 0.028), compared with controls, which underwent a small weight gain. There were no differences between the sows fed contaminated grains and those fed contaminated grains + GMA in average daily BW change. On the day of farrowing, total serum protein concentrations were lower for sows fed contaminated grains compared with controls (P = 0.038) and for sows fed contaminated grains compared with sows fed contaminated grains + GMA (P = 0.019). Seven days after farrowing, serum urea concentrations were lower for sows fed contaminated grains (P = 0.049) and contaminated grains + GMA (P = 0.048) compared with controls. Milk composition was not affected by treatments. There were no effects of diet on BW of litters at weaning or mortality of piglets during lactation. There was a trend for increased weaning to estrus interval in sows fed contaminated grains (P = 0.09) or contaminated grains + GMA (P = 0.08) compared with controls. It was concluded that the feeding of diets naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins to lactating sows reduces feed intake and increases BW losses. The weaning to estrus interval also tends to be longer in sows fed contaminated diets. Supplementing contaminated feed with GMA could counteract the reduction in serum protein and serum urea observed in sows fed contaminated feed.  相似文献   

18.
Two experiments were conducted, involving 68 third-litter sows and 20 first-litter gilts in Exp. 1 and 82 first-litter gilts in Exp. 2. On d 108 of gestation, the dams were moved into individual crates, stratified by parity and breed, and randomly assigned within strata, to one of two treatments: (1) fed a basal 16% protein corn-soybean meal diet, 1.8 and 2.7 kg once daily before farrowing and for the first 7 d of lactation, respectively, and then ad libitum until pigs were weaned at 28 d of age, and (2) fed the basal diet plus 1 g of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C)/dam daily from d 108 of gestation through d 7 of lactation and on the same feeding schedule as for treatment 1. In Exp. 1, no effect of vitamin C supplementation was observed in sows or gilts on total pigs born/litter, number of live pigs/litter or average live pig weight at birth, 7 or 28 d of age, or on plasma vitamin C concentration of dams at d 108 of gestation or d 7 of lactation or of pigs at birth, 7 or 28 d of age. However, there was a lower (P less than .01) plasma vitamin C concentration of the dams at d 7 of lactation than at d 108 of gestation. Plasma vitamin C concentration also declined (P less than .01) as pigs aged. In Exp. 2, with all gilts, vitamin C supplementation again showed no effect on any of the reproductive traits measured in Exp. 1. It is concluded that daily supplementation of 1 g of vitamin C to either sows or gilts from d 108 of gestation through d 7 of lactation has no beneficial effect on the reproductive or lactation performance of swine.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of the study was to find out if the supplementation of phytase to a diet of gestating and lactating sows has any effects on performance and bone parameters of the animals. Forty primiparous gilts were assigned into four groups: group A with phytase [4.2 g total phosphorus (P)/kg (gestation) and 4.5 g total P/kg (lactation)], group B without phytase (with phytase supplementation in diet for rearing) and same P content as group A, group C without phytase and higher P contents [5.0 g total P/kg (gestation) and 5.5 g total P/kg (lactation)] and group D with the same diet as group B (no phytase during the rearing). A 6-phytase was used in this trial (750 FTU/kg diet). The four diets were fed during gestation and lactation. Faeces were collected to determine apparent digestibility of minerals. Blood samples were taken to analyse minerals and bone markers. After weaning the sows were slaughtered and the bones of one hind leg were prepared to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of the tibia. Bone ash and mineral content of the phalanx III were determined. Mean P concentrations in serum decreased during gestation and lactation. But there were no significant differences between the groups. Bone formation marker bone-specific alkaline phosphatase decreased at the beginning of lactation whereas bone resorption marker serum crosslaps increased. The BMD and BMC of the tibia were slightly higher in the groups fed higher concentrations of P and phytase. The ash and mineral contents of the phalanx were the highest for the group fed the highest concentration of P. The apparent digestibility of P increased during gestation mostly in group A (57%--> 69%). In conclusion, high P content and addition of phytase to the diet induced a slightly higher ash content of the bones. It is of high importance, that sows during gestation absorb enough P, to avoid lamenesses and sudden fractures. As not many studies with phytase have been performed during gestation and lactation in sows yet, we can recommend, that phytase as supplement can be used to keep P in the diet at a lower level without negative consequences for bone health.  相似文献   

20.
The effect of L-carnitine supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on performance parameters of sows was studied. The trial comprised a total of 127 sows (40 gilts, 87 mature sows) which were divided into a control and a treatment group. All animals were fed individually and received basic feed mixtures for pregnancy and lactation with low carnitine concentrations (gestation diet: 4.7 mg/kg feed, lactation diet: 12.5 mg/kg feed). The rations of the sows in the treated group were supplemented with 125 mg L -carnitine per head and day during pregnancy and 250 mg L -carnitine per head and day during lactation. The animals of the control group received identical feed mixtures in identical amounts, but without the L -carnitine supplement. L -carnitine supplementation resulted in higher sow liveweight gains between day 1 and day 85 of pregnancy. The number of piglets per litter and the number born alive did not differ between the control sows and those treated with L -carnitine. However, the L -carnitine-supplemented sows produced only half as many non-viable piglets as the control animals. Moreover, litter weight and mean birth weight of piglets from L -carnitine-treated sows were higher than in the control sows. This effect was more marked in gilts (+8% higher litter weight, +9% higher piglet weight) than in sows (+7% and +6%, respectively). Piglets from sows whose ration was supplemented with L -carnitine showed higher liveweight gains during the suckling period (+12% for gilts, +4% for sows), which is why litter weights post weaning were also higher among the sows treated with L -carnitine than in the control sows (+14% for gilts, +10% for sows). Overall, the study shows that dietary supplementation with L -carnitine during pregnancy and lactation improves the reproductive performance of sows.  相似文献   

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