共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Jeremy D Edwards Jaroslav Janda Megan T Sweeney Ambika B Gaikwad Bin Liu Hei Leung David W Galbraith 《Plant methods》2008,4(1):13
Background
We report the development of a microarray platform for rapid and cost-effective genetic mapping, and its evaluation using rice as a model. In contrast to methods employing whole-genome tiling microarrays for genotyping, our method is based on low-cost spotted microarray production, focusing only on known polymorphic features. 相似文献2.
Background
Large-scale genetic profiling, mapping and genetic association studies require access to a series of well-characterised and polymorphic microsatellite markers with distinct and broad allele ranges. Selection of complementary microsatellite markers with non-overlapping allele ranges has historically proved to be a bottleneck in the development of multiplex microsatellite assays. The characterisation process for each microsatellite locus can be laborious and costly given the need for numerous, locus-specific fluorescent primers. 相似文献3.
Background
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are widely observed between individuals, ecotypes, and species, serving as an invaluable molecular marker for genetic, genomic, ecological and evolutionary studies. Although, a large number of SNP-discriminating methods are currently available, few are suited for low-throughput and low-cost applications. Here, we describe a genotyping method named Simple Allele-discriminating PCR (SAP), which is ideally suited for the small-scale genotyping and gene mapping routinely performed in small to medium research or teaching laboratories. 相似文献4.
Carolina P Sansaloni César D Petroli Jason Carling Corey J Hudson Dorothy A Steane Alexander A Myburg Dario Grattapaglia René E Vaillancourt Andrzej Kilian 《Plant methods》2010,6(1):16
Background
A number of molecular marker technologies have allowed important advances in the understanding of the genetics and evolution of Eucalyptus, a genus that includes over 700 species, some of which are used worldwide in plantation forestry. Nevertheless, the average marker density achieved with current technologies remains at the level of a few hundred markers per population. Furthermore, the transferability of markers produced with most existing technology across species and pedigrees is usually very limited. High throughput, combined with wide genome coverage and high transferability are necessary to increase the resolution, speed and utility of molecular marker technology in eucalypts. We report the development of a high-density DArT genome profiling resource and demonstrate its potential for genome-wide diversity analysis and linkage mapping in several species of Eucalyptus. 相似文献5.
Background
To identify plant genes involved in various key traits, QTL mapping is a powerful approach. This approach is based on the use of mapped molecular markers to identify genomic regions controlling quantitative traits followed by a fine mapping and eventually positional cloning of candidate genes. Mapping technologies using SNP markers are still rather expensive and not feasible in every laboratory. In contrast, microsatellite (also called SSR for Simple Sequence Repeat) markers are technologically less demanding and less costly for any laboratory interested in genetic mapping.Results
In this study, we present the development and the characterization of a panel of 96 highly polymorphic SSR markers along the Arabidopsis thaliana genome allowing QTL mapping among accessions of the Versailles 24 core collection that covers a high percentage of the A. thaliana genetic diversity. These markers can be used for any QTL mapping analysis involving any of these accessions. We optimized the use of these markers in order to reveal polymorphism using standard PCR conditions and agarose gel electrophoresis. In addition, we showed that the use of only three of these markers allows differentiating all 24 accessions which makes this set of markers a powerful tool to control accession identity or any cross between any of these accessions.Conclusion
The set of SSR markers developed in this study provides a simple and efficient tool for any laboratory focusing on QTL mapping in A. thaliana and a simple means to control seed stock or crosses between accessions. 相似文献6.
The regulation of flowering time has been studied mainly in photoperiod-sensitive model plants. Little is known about the environmental and genetic regulation of flowering time in photoperiod-insensitive plants. Here, we studied the genetic control of flowering time in day-neutral tomato using quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. We used a BC1F6 population developed from Solanum lycopersicum ‘M570018’ and its wild relative Solanum pimpinellifolium (PI124039) to measure days to flowering (DTF) and number of leaves preceding the first inflorescence (LN), as well as their underlying developmental processes, which include the number of leaves initiated (LI), percentage of flower-induced plants (reproductive index, RI), days to macroscopic flower bud appearance (DMB) and flower development duration (FDD: DTF − DMB). A composite interval mapping detected 12 QTLs for the six traits, which included two QTLs for DTF on chromosomes 1 and 6. The DTF QTLs explained 43% of the phenotypic variation of this trait. The presence of S. pimpinellifolium alleles in the detected QTLs increased the rate of leaf initiation, reduced LN and hastened flower induction, floral development and anthesis. Most QTLs for LN, LI, RI, DMB and FDD clustered with the DTF QTLs; dmb1, fdd1, li_14d1, li_19d1 and ri_19d1 clustered with dtf1 on chromosome 1, and ln6 and fdd6 clustered with dtf6 on chromosome 6. These results suggest that the QTLs on chromosomes 1 and 6 may form a functional “gene cluster” that drives tomato flowering in synergy. Alternatively, the two DTF QTLs may act as “master genes” that control flowering time through pleiotropic effects on multiple developmental processes. 相似文献
7.
Context
Understanding connectivity patterns in relation to habitat fragmentation is essential to landscape management. However, connectivity is often judged from expert opinion or species occurrence patterns, with very few studies considering the actual movements of individuals. Path selection functions provide a promising tool to infer functional connectivity from animal movement data, but its practical application remains scanty.Objectives
We aimed to describe functional connectivity patterns in a forest carnivore using path-level analysis, and to explore how connectivity is affected by land cover patterns and road networks.Methods
We radiotracked 22 common genets in a mixed forest-agricultural landscape of southern Portugal. We developed path selection functions discriminating between observed and random paths in relation to landscape variables. These functions were used together with land cover information to map conductance surfaces.Results
Genets moved preferentially within forest patches and close to riparian habitats. Functional connectivity declined with increasing road density, but increased with the proximity of culverts, viaducts and bridges. Functional connectivity was favoured by large forest patches, and by the presence of riparian areas providing corridors within open agricultural land. Roads reduced connectivity by dissecting forest patches, but had less effect on riparian corridors due to the presence of crossing structures.Conclusions
Genet movements were jointly affected by the spatial distribution of suitable habitats, and the presence of a road network dissecting such habitats and creating obstacles in areas otherwise permeable to animal movement. Overall, the study showed the value of path-level analysis to assess functional connectivity patterns in human-modified landscapes.8.
Willem Verhagen Astrid J. A. Van Teeffelen Andrea Baggio Compagnucci Laura Poggio Alessandro Gimona Peter H. Verburg 《Landscape Ecology》2016,31(7):1457-1479
Context
Humans structure landscapes for the production of food, fibre and fuel, commonly resulting in declines of non-provisioning ecosystem services (ESs). Heterogeneous landscapes are capable of providing multiple ESs, and landscape configuration—spatial arrangement of land cover in the landscape—is expected to affect ES capacity. However, the majority of ES mapping studies have not accounted for landscape configuration.Objectives
Our objective is to assess and quantify the relevance of configuration for mapping ES capacity. A review of empirical evidence for configuration effects on the capacity of ten ESs reveals that for four ESs configuration is relevant but typically ignored in ES quantification. For four ESs we quantify the relevance of configuration for mapping ESs using Scotland as a case study.Methods
Each ES was quantified through modelling, respectively ignoring or accounting for configuration. The difference in ES capacity between the two ES models was determined at multiple spatial scales.Results
Configuration affected the capacity of all four ESs mapped, particularly at the cell and watershed scale. At the scale of Scotland most local effects averaged out. Flood control and sediment retention responded strongest to configuration. ESs were affected by different aspects of configuration, thus requiring specific methods for mapping each ES.Conclusions
Accounting for configuration is important for the assessment of certain ESs at the cell and watershed scale. Incorporating configuration in landscape management provides opportunities for spatial optimization of ES capacity, but the diverging response of ESs to configuration suggests that accounting for configuration involves trade-offs between ESs.9.
以高糖西瓜品系花园母本为母本、低糖西瓜品系LSW-177为父本配制杂交组合,构建含有125个单株的F2S7重组自交系群体(RILs),利用CAPS分子标记构建了1张包含245个CAPS标记、11个连锁群的遗传连锁图谱,该图谱覆盖基因组长度2423.9c M,标记间的平均距离9.9c M。采用复合区间作图法对西瓜糖含量相关性状进行QTL分析,定位到与可溶性固形物相关的QTL4个,表型贡献率分别为14.80%、11.50%、32.10%、8.60%;与果糖相关的QTL3个,表型贡献率分别为8.80%、20.50%、9.50%;与蔗糖和葡萄糖相关的QTL各1个,表型贡献率分别为11.34%、24.10%。这9个QTL均表现为对糖含量的正加性效应,表明系高糖西瓜品系花园母本提供了对糖含量的贡献。 相似文献
10.
Flowering time is an important factor determining early yield in tomato. However, the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling flowering time and their relation to other QTLs for morphological and physiological traits have not been well studied. The aim of this study was to map the chromosomal regions controlling days to flowering (DTF) concurrently with other traits, such as the number of leaves preceding the first inflorescence (LN), length of the largest leaf (LL), number of lateral shoots (LS), fresh weight (FRW) and plant height (PH). This was undertaken using an inbred backcross population derived from a cross between the commercial cultivar Solanum lycopersicum cv. ‘M570018’ and its close wild relative S. pimpinellifolium (PI124039). S. pimpinellifolium flowers earlier than the cultivated tomato. Plants were grown in spring and summer. Composite interval mapping detected 16 QTLs for the six traits evaluated. These QTLs explained 10–42% of the individual phenotypic variation. QTLs detected in spring generally did not differ from those detected in summer. In chromosome 1, the DTF QTL was co-located with the QTLs for LL, LS and FRW, while in chromosome 3 it was co-located with the QTLs for LN, FRW (summer) and PH. One DTF QTL that was detected in chromosome 3 and conferred by the S. pimpinellifolium allele hastens flowering. The co-location of the DTF QTL with the LN QTL suggested that the DTF QTL in chromosome 3 controls the period from the vegetative to reproductive phase. Co-locations of DTF QTLs with the other traits might be pleiotropic effects of a single gene or cluster of genes via physiological relationships among traits because they were found to be highly significantly correlated. 相似文献
11.
12.
Yoshitaka Kanaoka Daichi Kuniyoshi Eri Inada Yohei Koide Yoshihiro Okamoto Hideshi Yasui Yuji Kishima 《Plant methods》2018,14(1):102
Background
To investigate plant hybrid sterility, we studied interspecific hybrids of two cultivated rice species, Asian rice (Oryza sativa) and African rice (O. glaberrima). Male gametes of these hybrids display complete sterility owing to a dozen of hybrid sterility loci, termed HS loci, but this complicated genetic system remains poorly understood.Results
Microspores from these interspecific hybrids form sterile pollen but are viable at the immature stage. Application of the anther culture (AC) method caused these immature microspores to induce callus. The segregation distortion of 11 among 13 known HS loci was assessed in the callus population. Using many individual calli, fine mapping of the HS loci was attempted based on heterozygotes produced from chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs). Transmission ratio distortion (TRD) from microspores was detected at 6 of 11 HS loci in the callus population. The fine mapping of S1 and S19 loci using CSSLs revealed precise distances of markers from the positions of HS loci exhibiting excessive TRD.Conclusions
We demonstrated that AC to generate callus populations derived from immature microspores is a useful methodology for genetic study. The callus population facilitated detection of TRD at multiple HS loci and dramatically shortened the process for mapping hybrid sterility genes.13.
Background
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is an important grain and forage legume grown throughout sub-Saharan Africa primarily by subsistence farmers on poor, drought prone soils. Genetic improvement of the crop is being actively pursued and numerous functional genomics studies are underway aimed at characterizing gene controlling key agronomic characteristics for disease and pest resistances. Unfortunately, similar to other legumes, efficient plant transformation technology is a rate-limiting step in analysis of gene function in cowpea.Results
Here we describe an optimized protocol for the rapid generation of transformed hairy roots on ex vitro composite plants of cowpea using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. We further demonstrate the applicability of cowpea composite plants to study gene expression involved in the resistance response of the plant roots to attack by the root parasitic weed, Striga gesnerioides. The utility of the new system and critical parameters of the method are described and discussed herein.Conclusions
Cowpea composite plants offer a rapid alternative to methods requiring stable transformation and whole plant regeneration for studying gene expression in resistance or susceptibility responses to parasitic weeds. Their use can likely be readily adapted to look at the effects of both ectopic gene overexpression as well as gene knockdown of root associated defense responses and to the study of a broader range of root associated physiological and aphysiological processes including root growth and differentiation as well as interactions with other root pests, parasites, and symbionts. 相似文献14.
以菊花‘南农雪峰’ב蒙白’的F1代为材料,利用电导率结合Logistic方程计算盛花期舌状花的低温半致死温度（LT50）,分析其耐寒性的遗传变异,在此基础上开展QTL定位研究。结果表明,该F1群体舌状花的LT50在﹣8.92 ~ 1.31 ℃之间,变异系数为43.60%,近似正态分布,为多基因控制的数量性状,且存在一定程度的偏母性遗传和超亲分离现象。主基因 + 多基因混合遗传模型分析表明,该F1群体舌状花耐寒性无主基因控制。复合区间作图法共检测到6个QTL与菊花舌状花的耐寒性显著相关,分布在‘南农雪峰’遗传图的X2、X4连锁群和‘蒙白’遗传图的M2、M11、M33连锁群上,LOD值介于2.61 ~ 3.29之间,加性效应为﹣1.67 ~ 1.78 ℃,单个QTL可以解释耐寒性变异的贡献率为6.01% ~ 9.94%,均为微效QTL。 相似文献
15.
以一年生辣椒（Capsicum annuum L.）‘Perennial’、‘83-58’为亲本构建的包含128个株系的F6代重组自交系为作图群体,构建了一个包含有18个连锁群的遗传图谱。该遗传图谱共有131个标记,其中SSR标记105个,CAPS标记23个,SCAR标记1个,果实辣味（pun）和果柄着生方向（up）2个形态标记。该图谱全长633.71 cM,标记间的平均距离为4.8 cM,连锁群的长度为7.07 ~ 75.16 cM,平均长度为35.21 cM,每个连锁群上的标记数为3 ~ 17个。对群体进行10个主要农艺性状调查,利用基于完备区间作图方法（Inclusive Composite Interval Mapping）的QTL IciMapping V3.2软件（http：//www. isbreeding. net/）选择加性效应模型ICIM-ADD进行QTL定位,在重组自交系（RIL）群体中共检测到株高、伸展度、始花节位、叶长、叶宽、侧枝长度、果形、果形指数、心室数和果实横径等10个性状的20个QTL位点。 相似文献
16.
油蟠桃组合遗传连锁图谱构建及糖酸性状QTL分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以油桃和油蟠桃组合‘霞光’‘NF’杂交群体115个单株为试材,使用高效液相色谱测定亲本及各单株果实糖和有机酸含量,筛选164对SSR引物和2 304对SRAP引物组合,选择符合1︰1分离比例的标记,使用Map Manager QTX20b软件的BC1模型构建遗传图谱,并对8个符合正态分布的性状进行与标记间的回归分析以及QTL区间分析。构建的图谱经与李属SSR参考图谱比对,发现基本匹配的8个连锁群总长度为1 232.7 cM,位点间的平均遗传距离为9.34 cM,包含22个SSR标记和108个SRAP标记,以及扁平果形（S）和非酸（D）两个位点。QTL区间扫描发现,LOD≥2的QTL区间共有28个,LOD≥3的有17个,LOD≥5的有10个。风味相关的QTL分布在Group 1、2、4、5、6连锁群上。Group 1含4个QTL区间（Glu2、Sor2、Tsug4、SSC3）;Group 2含3个QTL区间（Glu4、Sor3、SSC4）;Group 4含5个QTL区间（Suc2、Glu3、Glu5、Tsug5、Taci4）;Group 1、2、4的QTL均对相应性状均表现为负加性效应;Group 5含6个QTL区间（Suc1、Suc3、Tsug3、Mal1、Taci3、Taci5、）,大多集中在非酸位点（D）附近,均表现为对糖含量的正加性效应,对酸含量的负加性效应;Group 6含9个QTL区间（Glu1、Fru1、Sor1、Tsug1、Tsug2、Taci1、Taci2、SSC1、SSC2）,所有QTL均对相应性状呈正加性效应。 相似文献
17.
Background
Simultaneous analysis of multiple functional-related phytohormones and their metabolites will improve our understanding of interactions among different hormones in the same biologic process. 相似文献18.
Naoki Hirotsu Naomi Murakami Takayuki Kashiwagi Kazuhiro Ujiie Ken Ishimaru 《Plant methods》2010,6(1):12
Background
Genotype analysis using multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is a useful but labor-intensive or high-cost procedure in plant research. Here we describe an alternative genotyping method that is suited to multi-sample or multi-locus SNP genotyping and does not require electrophoresis or specialized equipment. 相似文献19.