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1.
连续传代培养中营养对昆虫病原线虫的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文探讨了连续传代培养中营养对昆虫病原线虫繁殖力及产量的影响。结果表明，用纯昆虫物质培养线虫，产量增加，繁殖力提高；用无昆虫物质培养则产量下降，繁殖力降低；出现衰退的线虫接入纯昆虫物质培养基，经２代连续培养后繁殖力又可恢复。选用繁殖力强的种线虫和营养水平高的培养基是提高线虫产量的重要条件。 相似文献
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昆虫寄生性线虫的研究是个新的领域,在国内外是生防中的一个新课题。本文报道了我国自澳大利亚引进新线虫后,采用经高压灭菌的大蜡螟老熟幼虫置于营养琼脂斜面上培养线虫种,克服了国外沿用以动物内脏为主要原料保种、连续饲养线虫,导致线虫生活力衰退及容易污染问题,简化了培养基的制备、接种条件及手续,使线虫种的培养可以在一般微生物实验条件下进行。同时,介绍了大量繁殖线虫的新方法。试验筛选出应用国内容易获得的以淀粉类为主要原料的物质,作为培养线虫的具体培养基配方,简化了国外分别培养共生菌种及线虫种等操作手续,为新线虫作为生物防治材料打下了基础。 相似文献
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本文报道了嗜线虫杆菌Ａ２４品系不同培养时间和接菌量对小卷蛾线虫产量的影响。结果表明：共生菌不同培养时间１６、２０、２４、２８和３２小时对线虫产量没有影响；在其它培养条件相同的情况下，接菌量大，线虫产量高，但每８０ｇ线虫培养基接菌量达到３．３６×１０９时，线虫产量不再随着接菌量的增加而增加，而是稳定在一定的水平。本实验的结果表明：每８０ｇ线虫培养基对共生菌需求量的临界值为３．３６×１０９个细胞。 相似文献
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本文根据系统分析方法，利用正交旋转组合设计于固体培养系统中测定培养基的样量、细菌培养时间、接线虫量和线虫培养时间对Ｓｔｅｉｎｅｒｎｅｍａｃａｒｐｏｃａｐｓａｅ 和Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｒｈａｂｄｉｔｉｓｂａｃｔｅｉｐｈｏｒａ产量的综合影响，确定虫的优化培养参数。 相似文献
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粗皮侧耳生物学特性及其与杀线虫毒力的关系 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
本文报道粗皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)的生物学特性,尤其是生物学特性与杀线虫毒力的关系。该菌的野生型、驯化型、单孢分离株及孢子分离株的菌丝均能迅速杀死线虫。在固体培养条件下,成熟菌丝产生丰富的毒素球,幼嫩菌丝不产生毒素球;该菌在多种固体培养基,甚至营养缺乏的水琼脂上也生长良好;生长的最适条件为24~28℃、pH5.6~8.0、固体或液体遮光培养。尽管营养、温度、pH及光照等对菌丝生长均有显著影响,但并不影响其对线虫的毒力,各菌株间毒力无差异,线虫与菌丝接触48h,死亡率均达90%以上;液体培养滤液能杀死线虫,但其对线虫毒力的强弱却与菌株、滤液浓度及培养时间等有关。首次以实验证明了该菌在液体培养条件下可产生杀线虫毒素。 相似文献
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目前,线虫的固体培养方法是通过无菌操作技术,在动物组织匀浆(如鸡内脏匀浆)加海绵的培养基中加入共生细菌,接入线虫一级种而完成的(Bedding 1981,19841 Wouts 1981)。液体培养则是在接有共生细菌的液体培养基中加入线虫一级种而得到(Buecher et al.1989)。这类培养方法要求加入的线虫一级种仅携带其共生细菌才能达到单菌培养。如果线虫一级种带有杂菌,就会造成培养物的严重污染,大幅度降低线虫产量。因此建立线虫一级种的单菌培养方法对线虫的大量繁殖和工业化生产 相似文献
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根结线虫是威胁我国蔬菜生产的最重要病原物类群之一，寄主达3 000多种，每年造成的蔬菜损失价值高达5亿美元，目前缺乏安全高效的防治方法。近年来，随着保护地蔬菜种植面积的增加，根结线虫病对我国蔬菜生产的危害逐年加重，因此必须加强对蔬菜根结线虫病发生、致害和防治的深入研究。该文对近10来年我国根结线虫的发生分布和危害、主要种类、鉴定和快速诊断方法、成灾规律、与植物的互作及机理、绿色防控等方面的研究进展进行综述，并展望我国根结线虫的研究趋势。 相似文献
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Sulaiman Abdulsalam Abdulwahab S. Shaibu Jibrin M. Ojonuba Huan Peng Deliang Peng 《Plant pathology》2021,70(7):1535-1551
Plant-parasitic nematodes pose a major threat to crop production in Nigeria. Comprehensive data on yield losses for most cereal crops are not readily available. Research on maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has shown an 18%–67% reduction in yield linked to the destructiveness of parasitic nematodes, particularly root-knot and root-lesion nematodes. Continuous monoculture and a conservative approach to agriculture increase the incidence and population density of nematodes, leading to higher levels of damage and losses in most cultivated cereal crops. These losses affect the food security of the growing population of Nigeria and many African countries that are heavily dependent on cereals. The accurate identification of nematodes is fundamental for effective management strategies. Nematode taxonomy based on morphology has been difficult due to intraspecific character variations coupled with the limited expertise of indigenous nematologists. Biochemical and molecular marker-based tools and approaches have allowed efficient diagnosis of most nematode species affecting cereal production globally. These approaches have proved useful due to their practicality, rapidness, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. This review describes the important economic effects of these parasitic nematodes on cereal production and highlights the need for integrative approaches to taxonomy for accurate species identification that will improve nematode diagnosis, thereby contributing to the increase of food production in Nigeria. 相似文献
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The characteristic phytonematological problems in areas with Mediterranean climate are analysed. The problems are, in order of economical importance, root-knot nematodes, cyst nematodes, virus vectors, endoparasitic nematodes, stem nematodes, citrus nematode and ectoparasitic nematodes. The interest in getting alternative control techniques supported by production systems is stated. Nematodes were already differentiated in the Pliocene, at the end of the Tertiary, the period in which the Mediterranean climate appeared. Two structural elements are distinguished in the nematofauna and are defined as a characteristic temperate environment group and a tropical group. These two groups are found in Mediterranean environments according to environmental characteristics conditioned by geomorphology and, above all, since the Neolithic, by agrarian systems through cultural techniques. The importance of agrarian production systems, as an alternative control for plant parasitic nematodes in the Mediterranean region, is pointed out. Control alternatives are considered that are based on the capability of such systems to keep the environmental and spatial heterogeneity, that allows the nematode populations regulation and spatio-temporal isolation, avoiding, in this way, the epidemic development and dispersion of pathogenic species. 相似文献
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昆虫病原线虫与其他杀虫因子之间相互作用的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
昆虫病原线虫作为生物杀虫剂近年来已被人们所认识，并已广泛应用于防治多种农林害虫。本文介绍了昆虫病原线虫与其他杀虫因子之间相互作用的研究概况。 相似文献
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Phytoparasitica - Plant-parasitic nematodes feed and reproduce in chickpea roots. Root-lesion nematodes are one of the most important biotic factors to limit chickpea production in the world. The... 相似文献
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Godelieve Gheysen Walter Van der Eycken Nathalie Barthels Mansour Karimi Marc Van Montagu 《Pest management science》1996,47(1):95-101
The molecular interactions between plants and sedentary nematodes are undergoing intense study, not only for reasons of fundamental research but also for the potential benefits to agriculture. The present technology allows the transformation of an increasing number of crop plants, providing new ways to introduce resistance against plant-parasitic nematodes. The ability of sedentary nematodes to induce specialized feeding sites in plant roots is one of the most fascinating aspects of this host–parasite interaction. Molecular approaches have been initiated to identify and characterize plant genes altered in expression after infection by sedentary nematodes. The results obtained indicate that many genes indeed become up-regulated upon nematode infection. Surprisingly, several so-called constitutive promoters that are normally used to achieve high expression in plant cells are completely ‘silenced’ in the feeding sites within days after nematode infection. Generally, there are two options available for the genetic engineering of nematode resistance: the synthesis of anti-nematode proteins or the localized production of a cytotoxic protein that interferes with the development of feeding cells. Nematode-induced promoters are very useful for the production by plants of sufficiently high levels of anti-nematode proteins at feeding sites. Alternatively, interfering with feeding-cell development is somewhat similar to the hypersensitive response evoked by nematodes in a naturally resistant plant. Here, destruction of specific plant cells can be achieved by the localized expression of a cytotoxin such as barnase, a potent ribonuclease. This approach, however, calls for a highly specific ‘non-leaky’ promoter, which is active only in the feeding cells. Another possibility is to use a two-component system, where the leakiness of the promoter in other tissues is counterbalanced by the constitutive expression of a neutralizing gene. 相似文献
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A 3-year field study examined the effects of 1,3-dichloropropene or oxamyl on tuber yields in four early- and five late-maturing potato cultivars. The nematicide treatments increased total tuber yield by ≈ 12% for early-maturing cultivars, but by less than 2% for the late-maturing cultivars. The treatments reduced the numbers of root lesion nematodes (primarily Pratylenchus penetrans ), which were the dominant plant parasitic nematodes at the site. Covariance analysis indicated that treatment effects on total tuber yield were no longer significant after adjusting for root lesion nematodes in soil at harvest, confirming that these nematodes had a direct effect on the host. As expected, there were significant inverse relationships ( P = 0·05) between total tuber yields and numbers of root lesion nematodes in soil and in roots. However, the application of nematicides in late-maturing cultivars was found to be of no practical value. Crop production systems designed to reduce or optimize pesticide applications can form one criterion in the development of more environmentally sensitive management strategies. The merit of utilizing chemicals for root lesion nematode control are considered with regard to cultivar maturity. 相似文献
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昆虫病原线虫和共生细菌培养系统中噬菌体的检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用紫外照射、温度、pH、盐度诱导五株溶源性共生菌株Xenorhabdus和Photorhabdus同时测定斯氏和异小杆属线虫Steinernema carpocapsae A24,S.carpacapsae ALL,S.feltiae English,S.feltiae SN,Heterorhabditis bacterophora H06在体外培养过程中是否存在感染共生细菌的噬菌体。结果未发现噬菌斑，说明实验菌株在实验诱导条件下以及昆虫病原线虫固体培养系统中不可能诱发噬菌体的危害。 相似文献
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红麻根结线虫生活习性及防治研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
研究表明,我国红麻上的根结线虫有南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)1号和2号小种,爪哇根结线虫(M.javanica)和花生根结线虫(M.arenaria)2号小种,南方根结线虫是优势种。它们都不为害棉花、花生、小麦、芝麻和苎麻,对高粱和玉米为害极轻。丝瓜、西瓜、番茄和空心莲子草为其共同寄主。南方根结线虫还侵染大豆、豇豆、苦瓜、菜瓜、南瓜、茄子、辣椒、烟草、黄麻、甘薯、黄瓜、白菜、莴苣、菜豆和扁豆等作物。红麻根结线虫的二龄幼虫主要分布在0～40cm 土层内,砂壤土中的线虫密度大于黄壤土。病原线虫以卵和二龄幼虫主要在病株残体中越冬。实行轮作、清除病残和药剂处理土壤是防治本病的有效措施。 相似文献