共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 328 毫秒
1.
变流量冷冻水系统温差控制法的适用性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了末端设置通断控制阀的一次泵变流量系统在温差控制下的水力特性,并结合风机盘管与房间的非线性换热耦合特性,进一步探讨了温差控制的适用条件以及变温差控制温差值的设定方法。结果表明：末端设置通断控制阀的系统,当管网整体负荷分布均匀且各开启用户的负荷变化规律相近时,温差控制同样是较为适用的,此时系统的水力失调对室内温湿度的影响较小;采用变温差控制时,仅以不同的总负荷率分段设置温差值,并不能获得良好的室内温湿度控制效果,建议以优先保证风盘除湿能力和室内干球温度为原则设定温差值,相比于目前的方法,在同等的室内相对湿度波动下,室内温度的稳定性可以得到保证。 相似文献
2.
The forms of water transportation, arrangement and operation of pumps contribute to the water transportation energy consumption, which influences the energy-saving effect of surface water source heat pump. The relation between the pumping height and energy consumption of pumps is found by analyzing the model of pump energy consumption. The concept and calculation of critical pumping height is presented considering the limited rate of system energy efficiency. Based on the principle that the pump power changes with water flow rate, the determination of pumps arrangement of one or two stage pumps is described with a concrete example. The influence of water flow rate on heat pumps and water pumps is analyzed, and the energy efficiency of constant and variable water volume are compared. The operation way of this example is concluded for the optimal system energy efficiency. It is found that there is a critical pumping height for the energy-saving effect of surface water source heat pump compared with the traditional system. Moreover, the operation strategies should be determined by the system optimal model since the energy consumptions proportions of heat pumps and water pumps are variable. 相似文献
3.
Energy consumption of water intake is one of the key factors for energy saving in the application of the open loop surface water heat pump system. An energy efficiency ratio coupling model for open loop surface water source heat pump systems was established on the basis of the energy consumption model for the water intake and the heat pump units. According to energy saving rate and regulation of energy consumption of water intake, dynamic temperature limits of water intake in different water supply temperature of cooling tower and different pump head were proposed so as to find a calculation method of temperature limits of water intake of open loop surface water heat pumps. Moreover, the energy saving rate of surface water source heat pump systems compared with traditional air conditioning systems under various condition was also calculated. 相似文献
4.
运用互联网、新材料等技术研究蔬菜无土栽培,设计了基于WiFi 的室内智能蔬菜无土栽培结构。该结构由管道式无土栽培结构、喷雾培结构和环境因子结构组成。管道式无土栽培结构主要由栽培管、支架和定植杯等组成;喷雾培结构主要由营养液栽培桶、自动定时供水器、营养液进液管和回流管、气泵、喷头等组成;环境因子结构由温度、湿度、CO2和光照系统构成。结构内的温度、湿度、CO2浓度和光照等是影响蔬菜生长发育的重要因子。通过WiFi 的控制,可以使这些环境因子之间的关系处于最佳状态,从而有利于蔬菜的生长发育。 相似文献
5.
Aiming at the central mechanical circulated hot water supply system recommended by the current code, the criteria of water flow direction in the pipes of transport and distribution is brought forward based on the hydraulic principle, followed by the analysing with charts of flow directions in the reversed return hot water system consisting of two, three and several vertical pipes in the working conditions of simple return and a little water distributing. There are several directions of circular flow, the only working condition of simple return and single water flow direction which applied in current hydraulic calculation of reversed return hot water supply system is incomplete, certain hydraulic precondition is necessary to ensure circular flow flowing in each vertical pipe as the assumed direction in the course of hydraulic calculation. 相似文献
6.
The calculation of constant pressure values for relief valves in the fire suppression systems of high-rise buildings usually is based on the working pressure of pipe systems by experience.However,this method only is applied in the condition that the relief valves are installed on the effluent pipes of pumps.In order to confirm the proper constant pressure values of relief valves in fire suppression systems,a formula is deduced using hydraulics theory.The applications of the formula in fire suppression systems are also discussed.The constant pressure values for relief valves are directly related to three factors,namely,the flux and pressure of the fire pump,the located height of the relief valves,and the head loss of flux from the pump exit to the inlets of the relief valves.It is necessary to analyze the working condition of fire suppression systems and to be certain of the permissive pressure range for overpressure. 相似文献
7.
水分胁迫对不同根型小麦幼苗水分利用率和导水率的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
以旱地小麦晋麦47和高水肥小麦石4185为试材,比较分析了充分供水和模拟干旱胁迫条件下小麦幼苗水分利用效率(WUE)和根系导水率(Lpr)的差异。结果表明:正常供水条件下,晋麦47单株耗水量、根系干质量和单株干质量皆低于石4185,但根系水分利用率(WUEr)、茎叶水分利用率(WUEs)、单株水分利用率(WUE)以及根系导水率均高于石4185。轻度干旱胁迫下,石4185根系干质量稍有增加,晋麦47变化不明显,两者单株干质量均降低;两品种根系、茎叶和单株水分利用效率均显著提高,石4185根系水分利用效率反而高于晋麦47;但两品种根系导水率呈显著下降趋势,晋麦47下降幅度大于石4185并最终低于石4185。以上说明:水分充足条件下,晋麦47表现出“奢侈”利用水分,干旱条件下,表现出以降低水分消耗而维持地上部生长的耐旱节水机制;石4185在水分充足条件下耗水量大,表现出水地品种特点,胁迫条件下,水分利用率均升高且根系水分利用率升高相对更大,体现出干旱胁迫下依赖根系进一步发展增大吸收水分表面积来适应缺水环境。两者相比较,体现了不同根型小麦品种根系在干旱胁迫调节中的重要性和差异性。 相似文献
8.
The power consumption of frequency conversion chilled water pump of an office building regulated by constant pressure difference method with bypass valve is studied experimentally. A model of power consumption of chilled water pump is proposed. The effects of pressure difference set point of bypass valve on instantaneous and annual power consumption of chilled water pump are analyzed. The simulation results are validated experimentally, which shows that there is a maximum water flow rate which increases with the increase of the pressure difference set point of bypass valve at equilibrium state. There are three pressure operation regions of the bypass valve: under pressure region, constant pressure region and over pressure region. The power consumption of frequency conversion chilled water pump is affected by the pressure difference set point of bypass valve significantly, and it would be minimized as the pressure difference set point of bypass valve is equal to the pressure difference between supply water and return water of the farthest user. 相似文献
9.
电极生物膜处理水产养殖废水氨氮的实验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探索水产养殖废水中难以降解的氨氮的最佳去除工艺,本实验采用电极生物膜法,在好氧区利用阳极碳棒电解产生的氧,在硝化细菌的作用下使氨氮转化为硝酸盐氮;在缺氧区利用阴极碳棒电解产生的氢,促进反硝化细菌实现反硝化脱氮。结果表明：温度过高或过低,对硝化和反硝化细菌的活性都有一定抑制;C/N比为1时,能实现氨氮与硝酸盐氮的同时去除;电流对硝化和反硝化处理效率有很大的促进作用;同时电流强度随氨氮负荷的增加而增大;水力停留时间越长,氨氮的去除率越高。 相似文献
10.
为了提高干旱区水资源利用率,确定沙区杨树人工速生林的合理供水量,实现杨树人工林的科学化管控目标,通过4年定位观测试验,研究了乌兰布和沙区‘小美旱杨’林地不同年供水量(1500、3000、4500、6000、7500 m3/hm2)下的土壤水分和温度效应。结果表明,不同供水量对土壤的增湿效应存在差异。各土层、各月土壤含水量均随供水量的增加而增加;最大年供水量的土壤含水量峰值出现在7月,而其他的出现在6月;‘小美旱杨’速生丰产的年供水量阈值为7500 m3/hm2,它能使剖面土壤水分补给层达70 cm以上,且补给层以及6-9月高温时期的土壤含水量均保持在20%以上;供水量越大,土壤含水量随树龄增加而降幅越大。年供水量每增加1500 m3/hm2可提高土壤贮水量4.69%~7.43%,增加土壤有效含水量1.42%~15.5%;供水量对田间持水量影响不明显;随供水量的增加,土壤水分亏缺明显趋于平缓,土壤温度递减,在同一土层内下降1.66~3.26℃,沿剖面向下降低8.64~9.66℃。最小和最大供水量应分别在4月低温期和7月高温期进行,以满足林木生长的水分和温度之需。 相似文献
11.
FU Bin ZHANG Qin CHENG Jian_ling ZHANG Jian_gao 《保鲜与加工》1999,(4):61-64
According to the features of CAD for building water supply and drainage design,the interactive method for CAD calculation and drawing in building water supply and drainage engineering are discussed . A practical example of ADS for hydraulic calculation has been given in this paper . 相似文献
12.
密云水源地水环境承载力系统动力学模拟与预测 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
水环境承载力作为人类活动与水环境系统的联系界面,是判断社会经济与水环境系统是否协调的尺度。针对密云地水环境承载力系统的复杂性,利用系统动力学的动态分析优势和政策实验室功能,建立水环境承载力系统动力学模型,构建指标体系,并结合层次分析法和水环境承载力量化方法,对2008-2020年水环境承载力进行模拟与预测,分析不同优化策略下水环境承载力变化特征。结果表明：（1）现状延续策略下,2008-2020年水环境承载力呈逐年略微下降的趋势;（2）开源、节流和治污、减排2种优化策略均能有效提高的水环境承载力,并且前者的提高幅度大于后者,而区域外调水措施则不能从根本上改善水环境承载力;（3）本地开源、节流措施与治污、减排措施结合后,可以大幅提高水环境承载力,是实现经济活动与水环境协调发展的最佳策略,进一步提出了该区域生态经济协调发展的策略和措施。 相似文献
13.
利用Flow32茎流计分别测定负水头灌溉和常规灌溉方式下的番茄植株蒸腾速率,探讨负水头灌溉方式对番茄植株蒸腾影响及植株蒸腾速率与太阳辐射强度之间的关系,同时分析了负水头灌溉下植株一天不同时刻耗水量差异和负水头灌溉对水分利用效率的影响。试验结果表明,负水头灌溉下的番茄植株蒸腾速率要大于常规漫灌,但有着相同的变化趋势,植株的蒸腾速率主要受太阳辐射强度的影响;负水头灌溉方式能为作物适时适量提供水分,且有效地减少无效地表蒸发和地下深层渗漏,提高了作物的水分利用效率。 相似文献
14.
Considering the interference introduced by primary user, the outage probability of cognitive relay networks under imperfect channel state information is analyzed based, on the relay selection for the maximum channel gain. In addition, the mathematical optimization model of maximizing the spectrum efficiency under the interference constraint of primary user and the QoS requirement of cognitive user is proposed for cognitive relay networks. Then, the optimal solution of the model is obtained with the Lagrangian method. The proposed scheme improves the spectrum efficiency of cognitive relay networks on the premise of guaranteeing the transmission performance of primary user. Simulation results show that the proposed power allocation scheme improves the system performance compared with the traditional equal power allocation scheme. Meanwhile, it indicates that the approximate spectrum efficiency can be obtained under the perfect channel state and the imperfect channel state. Under the imperfect channel state, the feedback information and the complexity of implementation will be reduced, which is beneficial to the engineering application. 相似文献
15.
Through analyzing the present conditions of technical administration files for water supply networks, this paper points out the significance and urgency for exploiting advanced information system for water supply networks. It also gives some suggestions for the exploitation of the system. 相似文献
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17.
Based on the research of a practical project of high frequency high voltage switching power supplies,the system design and experimental investigation of a single end flyback high frequency high voltage switching power supply are presented. In order to solve the problem of durable voltage of power MOSFETs that are used in the single end flyback high voltage switching power supply,an effective approach that adopts dual MOSFETs in series connected is proposed.The procedure of the designing and the parameter of each device is given in detail.A prototype of 220 Volt input and 2000V/3mA output is developed, and the validity of the scheme is demonstrated by the experiment. 相似文献
18.
There are two main problems in the kinematic analysisof slewing mechanism on hydraulic excavator driven by variable displace-ment pumps with total hp-control when the excavator works and it'spumps get into variable displacement state as well.The first is how todetermine the oil flow in the hydraulic system according to the sum ofthe instantaneous pressure existing both in the slewing motor and in theworking cylinder.The second is how to calculate the driving torqueacting on the mechanism according to the instantaneous pressure existingin the motor.At pressent,the methods used for the kinematic analysisof the mechanism are based upon the assumption of the mechanism to bedriven by the fixed displacement pumps or by the variable displacementpumps with individual constant hp-control.But in these ways,theproblems mentioned above cannot be solved.This paper,on the basisof the variable displacement characteristic of the pumps with totalconstant hp-control,analyses the general kinematic pattern of the slewingmechanism in detail,presents the mathematical model and the numericalmethod used for it's kinematic analysis and establishes the the basis forevaluating it's design. 相似文献
19.
为了减轻黑龙江省水资源供需矛盾,实现水资源合理利用与开发,并为农业用水资源分配和旱涝灾害的成因研究提供科学依据,利用黑龙江省60个气象站1961—2011年地面气象观测数据,应用气候趋势系数、气候倾向率等方法分析了黑龙江省可利用降水量的时空演变特征。结果表明,近51年来,黑龙江省年可利用降水量呈下降趋势,气候倾向率达-4.4 mm/10 a,春季和冬季显著增加,夏季和秋季呈减少趋势。从空间分布看,全省可利用降水量整体呈下降趋势,松嫩平原大部和三江平原水资源供需矛盾将日益突出。黑龙江省降水量对可利用降水量起着决定性作用,气温在一定程度上对水资源也有着深刻影响。 相似文献
20.
The cylinder bodies of reciprocating pumps easily fail from cracks due to complex external loads. Based on the working principle of reciprocating pumps, hydrodynamics, and a numerical method for surface to surface contact problems, a contact model involving a cylinder body, a valve base, and a valve pocket is established. Considering pressure fluctuation, flow pulsation, alternate loads, and the impact of the inlet and outlet valves, a finite element model for the complete system is established. Using this model, the contact state of the complete system is analyzed, and the stress distribution, contact state, contact stress distribution of the interface, and position of the weak part are obtained. 相似文献