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1.
Higuchi H Maeda T Kawai K Kuwano A Kasamatsu M Nagahata H 《Veterinary research communications》2003,27(5):407-413
Physiological changes in the concentrations of biotin in the serum and milk and in the physical properties of the claw horn were examined in Holstein cows. A lower concentration of biotin in the serum and a higher concentration of biotin in milk were found during early and late lactation and during the dry period, and a significant (p<0.05) inverse correlation was found between serum and milk biotin concentrations. A high moisture content and a low level of hardness of the claw horn were found during mid-lactation. Our results indicate that change in the serum biotin concentration probably results from the loss of biotin in the milk of cows during each stage of lactation and also confirm that the moisture content and hardness of the claw horn undergo physiological changes. 相似文献
2.
Blood and urine samples of 180 dairy cows from 12 herds were examined. Sodium and potassium concentrations were determined in erythrocytes, whole blood, plasma, urine, and glucose concentration in blood: the interrelations were compared. Sodium and potassium concentrations in erythrocytes were 85.15 +/- 11.45 mmol/l, and 25.93 +/- 7.81 mmol/l, respectively. A statistically significant relation was found between sodium and potassium concentrations in erythrocytes (r = 0.3467+++) and the content of electrolyte in blood cells and in whole blood (Na: r = 0.5336+++; K: r = 0.3561+++). No statistically significant relation of intraerythrocyte concentration of both electrolytes was confirmed with respect to the other characteristics (sodium and potassium concentrations in plasma and urine, and glucose concentration in blood). In the conditions of routine laboratory diagnostics in clinically healthy cows, determinations of intraerythrocyte sodium and potassium do not broaden possibilities of evaluating the metabolic state of these electrolytes and cannot be used as the characteristics of energy insufficiency. The cannot replace the analyses performed in serum and urine. 相似文献
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Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) infection was studied in 151 dogs in two regions of Morocco: 68 dogs in the northwest (Loukkos) and 83 dogs in the southwest (Tiznit). The mean prevalence rates of echinococcosis in dogs were 58.82% (46.23-70.63%) in Loukkos and 55.42% (44.10-66.34%) in Tiznit and the mean abundances of E. granulosus per dog were 75 (59-93) and 547 (504-595), respectively. The mean abundance of E. granulosus in dogs was fitted to a negative binomial distribution by the maximum likelihood techniques to define parameters. E. granulosus was aggregated in dogs in the two regions. The prevalence of infection and the abundance of E. granulosus in dogs were fitted to mathematical models in order to determine if the parasite population is partly regulated by definitive host immunity. The best fit was obtained with the models assuming the presence of immunity. The mean time of exposure to infection was similar in the two regions and ranged from 8 months to about 2 years. The infection pressures (number of E. granulosus) obtained per dog each year were 65 (8-294) in Loukkos and 476 (316-886) in Tiznit. The proportion of dogs susceptible to infection was still high along the life of the dogs in Loukkos, while it was not different from zero in old dogs of Tiznit. 相似文献
5.
The distribution of iron and copper in the liver and spleen of veal calves was determined in a group of calves fattened with a commercial milk replacer supplemented with 5 ppm iron and in a control group fed the unsupplemented milk replacer. No marked variations were detected in the distribution of iron and copper. A liver biopsy is therefore likely to be a representative sample of the whole liver with respect to iron and copper concentration. 相似文献
6.
以成都郊区温江为例,利用大量的调查数据分析了该地区苗木及草坪发展的现状及面临的问题,并有针对性的提出了几点对策。 相似文献
7.
Kubota K Suzuki M Yamanouchi K Takahashi M Nishihara M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(2):237-242
The expression of activin and inhibin has been demonstrated in the hypothalamus, but their physiological roles in the brain remain to be elucidated. In the present study, involvement of activin and inhibin in the regulation of food and water intake was examined. Male rats were deprived of food or water for 12 and 60 hr, and mRNA levels of activin/inhibin alpha, betaA and betaB subunits in the hypothalamus were estimated by RT-PCR. Gene expression of alpha subunit transiently decreased at 12 hr of food deprivation, while it did not change during water deprivation. Food and water deprivation for 60 hr increased mRNA levels of betaA and betaB subunits, respectively. These results indicated that gene expression of each subunit was independently regulated. Injection of activin A (0.5 and 4.0 microg) into the third ventricle decreased food intake. Water intake was suppressed by 4.0 microg, but not 0.5 microg, of activin A. Intracerebroventricular injection of inhibin A (0.5 and 4.0 microg) decreased water intake in a dose dependent manner without affecting food intake, suggesting that inhibin could act independently of activin. Taken together, it is suggested that activin and inhibin take part in the central regulation of nutrient and fluid balance, though further study is needed to determine precise molecular species involved. 相似文献
8.
The concentration of vitamin R12 in the blood was studied in five totally gastrectomized pigs followed for 10–18 months, and in four controls followed for 5¼–8 months. The concentration of vitamin B12 in the liver was investigated in three pigs of each group. The content of vitamin B12 in the blood was of the same magnitude in both groups. Thus, removal of the stomach does not compromise the normal presence of this vitamin in the blood. The B12 content in the liver was also unaffected by the operation, whereas it was increased after simultaneous administration of vitamin B6. 相似文献
9.
The distribution of 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) activity in the tissues of the sheep differs from that of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT). Nevertheless, both enzymes are released into the plasma of sheep which have been infected with Fasciola hepatica or in which the bile duct has been ligated. In a sheep dosed with sporidesmin, a fungal toxin which damages the biliary tract, there was an increase in GGT activity in the plasma and urine but no change in 5'-NT activity. Neither enzyme was released into the plasma or urine of sheep dosed with carbon tetrachloride. In sheep with renal tubular necrosis and hepatocellular necrosis caused by dosage with hexachlorobutadiene, both enzymes were released into the plasma, and GGT, but not 5'-NT activity was found in urine. In sheep with tubular necrosis of the kidney caused by the administration of mercuric chloride, GGT activity, but not 5'-NT, increased in the plasma and urine. 相似文献
10.
有关瘤胃酸中毒发生机制研究表明,瘤胃乳酸的累积可能对酸中毒诱导起重要作用,而高精料日粮下瘤胃乳酸累积主要取决于瘤胃乳酸产生菌和乳酸利用菌间的平衡程度。本文综述了瘤胃微生物对乳酸的代谢机制,包括主要乳酸产生菌[溶纤维丁酸弧菌(Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens)、牛链球菌(Streptococcus bovis)、乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus)]和主要乳酸利用菌[反刍兽新月单胞菌(Selenomonus ruminantium)、埃氏巨型球菌(Megasphaera elsdenii)],并简要概述了酸中毒的调控方法,旨在为反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒的乳酸中毒机制深入解析提供参考。 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To compare microcrack density and length in the proximal and distal metaphyses of the humerus and radius in dogs. SAMPLE POPULATION: Left humerus and radius from each of 10 dogs of medium to large size. PROCEDURE: Metaphyseal specimens were bulk stained in 1% basic fuchsin in graded alcohols and embedded in methylmethacrylate. For quantification of fatigue-induced microscopic damage, transverse sections were prepared from proximal and distal metaphyseal regions, and length and density of microcracks were determined, using light microscopy. RESULTS: Bone region, age, and body weight were not significantly associated with microcrack density or length. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The hypothesis that fatigue-induced injury (increased microcrack density and length) caused by cyclic loading associated with daily activity is greater in bone regions prone to development of osteosarcoma was not supported by data from this study. 相似文献
12.
S. Kathleen Salisbury dvm ms Daniel C. Richardson dvm Diplomateacvs GARY C. LANTZ dvm Diplomateacvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1986,15(1):16-26
Partial maxillectomies were performed in 17 dogs and three cats to accomplish wide excision of oral tumors. The extent of the maxillectomy was dependent on tumor type, location, size, and invasiveness as determined by clinical and radiographic examination and incisional biopsy. The tumor and involved portions of adjacent facial bones, most commonly the maxillary and incisive bones, were removed. The resulting oronasal defect was closed by suturing a labial mucosal flap based on the lip margin to the hard palate mucoperiosteum. The major postoperative complication was partial suture line dehiscence, which occurred in three dogs. All four dogs with benign tumors were free of disease 7 to 34 months postoperatively (median 21.5 months). Of the 13 dogs treated for malignant neoplasia, seven were tumor-free at follow-up times ranging from 3 to 31 months (median 12 months). Five dogs with malignant tumors developed local recurrence 1 week to 10 months postoperatively (median 4.5 months). One cat with a benign tumor and two with malignant tumors were tumor-free at follow-up times of 7, 24, and 27 months. Partial maxillectomy can be effective in treating both benign and malignant oral tumors in dogs and cats. 相似文献
13.
W. G. MAGRANE 《The Journal of small animal practice》1965,6(3):165-169
Absract— Comparatively few intraocular and retrobulbar tumors have been documented in the veterinary literature of the world. Their occurrence, while common, is not as rare as supposed. This series consists of nine intraocular and seven retrobulbar tumors encountered within a nine year period. Criteria as an aid to recognition, and surgical procedures applicable to the individual case, is offered.
Zusammenfassung— Verhältnismässig wenige Fälle von intraokulären und retrobulbären Tumoren wurden im tierärztlichen Schrifttum der Welt dokumentiert. Ihr Auftreten ist nicht so selten, wie angenommen wird. Diese Serie besteht aus neun introkulären und sieben retrobulbären Geschwülsten, die der Verfasser innerhalb von neun Jahren diagnostizierte. Diagnose und Chirurgie der einzelnen Fälle werden besprochen.
Résumé— Les publications vétérinaires de l'univers semblent n'avoir jamias fait grand cas des tumeurs intra-oculaires et rétro-bulbaires chez le chien. On constate régulirèment leur apparition; elles ne sont donc pas aussi rares qu'on le suppose. Le présent article traite de neuf tumeurs intraoculaires et de sept tumeurs rétro-bulbaires rencontrées durant neuf années de pratique. L'auteur explique la marche à suivre pour établir le diagnostic et suggère les moyens chirurgicaux auxquels il faut avoir recours dans chaque cas. 相似文献
Zusammenfassung— Verhältnismässig wenige Fälle von intraokulären und retrobulbären Tumoren wurden im tierärztlichen Schrifttum der Welt dokumentiert. Ihr Auftreten ist nicht so selten, wie angenommen wird. Diese Serie besteht aus neun introkulären und sieben retrobulbären Geschwülsten, die der Verfasser innerhalb von neun Jahren diagnostizierte. Diagnose und Chirurgie der einzelnen Fälle werden besprochen.
Résumé— Les publications vétérinaires de l'univers semblent n'avoir jamias fait grand cas des tumeurs intra-oculaires et rétro-bulbaires chez le chien. On constate régulirèment leur apparition; elles ne sont donc pas aussi rares qu'on le suppose. Le présent article traite de neuf tumeurs intraoculaires et de sept tumeurs rétro-bulbaires rencontrées durant neuf années de pratique. L'auteur explique la marche à suivre pour établir le diagnostic et suggère les moyens chirurgicaux auxquels il faut avoir recours dans chaque cas. 相似文献
14.
LESLIE ARNALL 《The Journal of small animal practice》1965,6(2):135-144
Abstract— Relevant points of embryology and anatomy are outlined.
Deformity and disease of these structures is discussed from an aetiological standpoint under the headings: congenital and hereditary, mechanical, dietary, parasitic, infectious, neoplastic, metabolic, and psychogenic conditions.
Prophylaxis and treatment of some common conditions are discussed.
Résumé— L'auteur expose à grands traits les aspects de l'embryologie et de l'anatomie ayant rapport aux maladies du bec et du pied chez les perruches inséparables.
Il discute les difformités et les maladies de ces organes d'un point de vue étiologique, sous les, rubriques: maladies congénitales et héréditaires, mécaniques, alimentaires, parasitaires, infectieuses néoplasiques, méaboliques et psychogènes.
Il expose la prophylaxie et le traitement de quelques maladies communes.
Zusammenfassung— Wichtige entwicklungsgeschichtliche und anatomische Tatsachen werden umrissen.
Missbildung und Erkrankung dieser Gebilde werden vom ätiologischen Gesichtspunkt her unter den Überschriften besprochen:—angeborene, vererbte, mechanische, diätetische, parasitäre, infektiöse, neoplastische, stoffwechselbezogene und psychogene Entstehungsbedingungen.
Prophylaxe und Behandlung für einige, häufig vorkommende Bedingungen werden erörtert. 相似文献
Deformity and disease of these structures is discussed from an aetiological standpoint under the headings: congenital and hereditary, mechanical, dietary, parasitic, infectious, neoplastic, metabolic, and psychogenic conditions.
Prophylaxis and treatment of some common conditions are discussed.
Résumé— L'auteur expose à grands traits les aspects de l'embryologie et de l'anatomie ayant rapport aux maladies du bec et du pied chez les perruches inséparables.
Il discute les difformités et les maladies de ces organes d'un point de vue étiologique, sous les, rubriques: maladies congénitales et héréditaires, mécaniques, alimentaires, parasitaires, infectieuses néoplasiques, méaboliques et psychogènes.
Il expose la prophylaxie et le traitement de quelques maladies communes.
Zusammenfassung— Wichtige entwicklungsgeschichtliche und anatomische Tatsachen werden umrissen.
Missbildung und Erkrankung dieser Gebilde werden vom ätiologischen Gesichtspunkt her unter den Überschriften besprochen:—angeborene, vererbte, mechanische, diätetische, parasitäre, infektiöse, neoplastische, stoffwechselbezogene und psychogene Entstehungsbedingungen.
Prophylaxe und Behandlung für einige, häufig vorkommende Bedingungen werden erörtert. 相似文献
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W. Kaufmann 《Livestock Production Science》1976,3(2):103-114
The author illustrates that a certain ratio between roughage and concentrates in the rations of dairy cows is necessary rather than depending exclusively on an increase of the amounts of concentrates for meeting the energy requirements at higher levels of production. In general, when lactation performance is high, merely the essential supply of concentrates entails a decrease of milk fat content, or, with an insufficient energy supply, the milk protein content drops. These relations are explained by a diagram on protein fermentation and bacterial protein synthesis.Higher feeding frequency allows higher intake of concentrates without a decrease of pH in the rumen. Hence the ratio of C2:C3 (acetic: propionic acid) in the rumen tends towards 3:1 instead of lower ratios, which prevents a decrease of milk fat content. The higher cellulolytic activity at the higher pH leads to higher intake of roughage. With automated systems for higher feeding frequencies it will be possible to increase milk production without decrease of milk fat content and other metabolic disorders. The better energy supply will lead to a better supply of microbial protein as well and therefore prevent a decrease in milk protein content. 相似文献
18.
J P Braun A G Rico P Benard J P Thouvenot M J Bonnefis 《Research in veterinary science》1978,25(1):37-40
Gamma-glutamyl transferase distribution was studied in 10 ewes and 10 lambs; in both groups kidney was the most active organ, followed by pancreas, liver and lungs. In kidney and liver, GGT was bound mainly to cellular structures. Blood GGT activity of 48 lambs was 44 +/- 11 iu/litre and 33 +/- 7 iu/litre of 45 ewes. 相似文献
19.
A. R. Cobrin S. L. Blois S. A. Kruth A. C. G. Abrams‐Ogg C. Dewey 《The Journal of small animal practice》2013,54(12):647-655
In both human and veterinary medicine, diagnosing and staging renal disease can be difficult. Measurement of glomerular filtration rate is considered the gold standard for assessing renal function but methods for its assessment can be technically challenging and impractical. The main parameters used to diagnose acute and chronic kidney disease include circulating creatinine and urea concentrations, and urine‐specific gravity. However, these parameters can be insensitive. Therefore, there is a need for better methods to diagnose and monitor patients with renal disease. The use of renal biomarkers is increasing in human and veterinary medicine for the diagnosis and monitoring of acute and chronic kidney diseases. An ideal biomarker would identify site and severity of injury, and correlate with renal function, among other qualities. This article will review the advantages and limitations of renal biomarkers that have been used in dogs and cats, as well as some markers used in humans that may be adapted for veterinary use. In the future, measuring a combination of biomarkers will likely be a useful approach in the diagnosis of kidney disorders. 相似文献
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兽药是指用于预防、治疗畜禽等动物疾病，有目的地调节机体生理机能并规定作用、用途、用法、用量的物质，其质量优劣直接关系着畜牧业健康发展、畜产品安全以及人类的身体健康，它是与动物疾病作斗争的重要手段。在我国动物疫情比较复杂的情况下，提高兽药产品的质量已经成为当务之急，更是“入世”后参与国际竞争的需要。 相似文献