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以安徽滁州地区特有的药食两用植物资源——滁菊(Dendranthema morifolium Ramat.‘Chuju’)为试材,采用根尖细胞压片技术进行染色体计数及核型分析,并与引种到外地的滁菊种进行比较。结果表明:滁菊种的染色体数目为2n=54,染色体基数x=9,为异源六倍体植物,其核型公式为2n=6x=54=42m+12sm(4SAT),核型类型为2A型,第10和21号染色体上均有1对随体,最长与最短染色体长度比为1.99,臂比>2的染色体比例为18.51%。与已公布的引种到外地的滁菊核型进行比较分析发现,引种后的滁菊较原生境滁菊染色体核型发生了微变异,表现在具随体染色体数量由4条减为2条,染色体多态性更为丰富,提示滁菊染色体核型与其生态环境有着密切的关系。 相似文献
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本研究采用根尖压片法,对3种不同肉质根皮色的萝卜种质进行染色体数目和核型分析,以获得准确的细胞遗传学信息。研究结果表明,Nau-dqp08,Nau-txbyw07和Nau-chhong108这3种不同皮色萝卜的染色体数目均为18,核型公式分别为2n=2×=18=14m+4sm,2n=2×=18=18m和2n=2×=18=16m+2sm,且核型都属于1A型;核不对称系数分别为59.48%、55.39%与58.08%;核型不对称性大小为Nau-dqp08>Nau-chhong108>Nau-txbyw07,其中Nau-txbyw07核型较为原始。本研究结果可为萝卜种质鉴定、遗传变异和亲缘关系分析提供细胞学依据。 相似文献
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本研究采用酶解去壁低渗法对小梨竹（Melocanna humilis Kurz）的体细胞染色体进行核型分析。研究结果表明：小梨竹染色体数为2n=2x=72,全组染色体总的绝对长度为99．87μm,平均绝对长度为2．78μm,属于小染色体类型;其核型公式为2n=72=28m＋8sm（SAT）,染色体相对长度组成为2n=72=4L＋12M2＋17M1＋3S,染色体组型为“2A”型,属于原始类型。这一细胞学结果不仅填补了小梨竹相关理论空白,而且可作为小梨竹与其它种的区分依据,同时也为竹类植物系统分类研究提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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本文采用直接敲片法制作紫万年青植物染色体标本,通过体细胞染色体计数确定其染色体数目为12条,核型分析表明紫万年青植物染色体总长度为57．35μm,全组染色体平均长度9．56μm,其核型公式为K（2n）=12=3m＋3Sm。同时通过观察、测量发现其染色体绝对长度变异范围为11．36～7．72μm,其相对长度细成为2n=12=6M2＋6M1;最长染色体与最短染色体之比为1．47：1,臂比的变异范围为1．01～2．56,臂大于2的染色体占全组染色体的33．33％,属于“2A”类型。另一方面,是期附加核型特征确定紫万年青属于复杂染色中心型。本研究将对紫万年青植物的起源、系统演化及品种改良等提供必要的细胞遗传学依据。 相似文献
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以彩鲷(Cichiasoma trmaculatum)为父本、美洲虎鲷(Heros managuense)为母本,通过人工授精方法获得了能正常发育的杂交F1代.以肾细胞作材料,采用秋水仙素-低渗-空气干燥法、Howell的方法(银染)和Sumner的方法(c-带).制作染色体标本.结果表明:彩鲷的染色体数目2n=48,核型公式为2n=2m+8sm+26st+12t.染色体臂数NF=58,在st,染色体的短臂末端出现2个银染位点,C-带多为着丝粒型,有2条染色体st9和S13,为整臂深染型C-带;美洲虎鲷的染色体数目2n=48.核型公式为2n=2m+6sm+28st+12t,NF=56,在sm2染色体的短臂末端出现2个银染位点.所有染色体的着丝点区均显示出深浅不同的c-带,C-带为着丝粒型;杂交F1代的染色体数目2n=48,核型公式为2n=2m+8sm+26st+12t,NF=58,在sm2染色体的短臂末端出现2个银染点,多数染色体具着丝粒c-带.未发现有异形性染色体.比较分析,杂交F1代的染色体数日及多数染色体具有着丝粒C-带的特点与父母本相同,染色体臂数与父本一致,银染位点与母本相同,这显示杂种F1遗传了双亲的染色体特点,而非雌核发育. 相似文献
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为了研究藿香核型特征及不同产地间藿香的进化关系,以来自河南商丘(HNSQ)、四川成都(SCCD)、河北邯郸(HBHD)、河北安国(HBAG)、吉林长春(JLCC)5个产地的藿香为试验材料,采用常规压片的方法进行核型分析,并用核型似近系数聚类分析对其进行聚类分析。结果表明,5个产地的藿香染色体数目均为2n=2x=18,染色体类型为sm、m、st、M,核不对称系数分布在59.48%~65.43%之间。仅HBHD藿香核型为3B型,其余产地藿香核型均为2B型。JLCC与HBAG藿香的核型似近系数最大为0.9982,核型进化距离为0.0018,亲缘关系最近;SCCD与JLCC藿香的核型似近系数最小为0.9720,核型进化距离为0.0280,亲缘关系最远。不同产地藿香在核型上存在较大差异,其中JLCC藿香的核型最为原始,SCCD藿香的核型较为进化。本研究初步确定了不同产地藿香的核型差异及进化关系,为进一步研究藿香细胞分类学问题奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
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以采自静宁的葫芦巴为材料,研究了1 mol/L的盐酸在60 ℃下的不同解离时间对根尖染色体制片的影响,并确定染色体数目和进行核型分析。结果表明,静宁葫芦巴根尖最佳解离时间为2.0～2.5 min。染色体数为16,核型公式为2n＝2x=16=8m+8sm(2SAT),臂比值变化在1.07～2.88,平均臂比为1.926,随体在第6对染色体短臂上,核型类别为2A。 相似文献
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奥利亚罗非鱼(♀)×鳜(♂)杂交后代及其双亲的染色体核型分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用人工授精法以奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aurea)为母本，鳜(Siniperca ahuasti)为父本，获得了能正常发育的后代。利用微量全血培养法对奥利亚罗非鱼、鳜及它们杂交后代的染色体数目和核型进行了分析，结果表明, 奥利亚罗非鱼染色体数目为2n =44，核型公式为 6sm+24st+14t，染色体臂数(NF)=50；鳜鱼为2n =48，核型公式为 8sm+4st+36t，NF=56；杂交后代为2n =44，核型公式为 6sm+26st+12t，NF=50。经对比分析，杂交后代与奥利亚罗非鱼的核型相似。 相似文献
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本研究以叶籽银杏幼叶为试材,对来自河南、广西、云南、湖北以及山东等省的10个种质进行核型分析及倍性鉴定,并对核型与进化的关系进行了分析和探讨。结果表明:该10个种质的染色体数目均为2n=2×=24,核型主要由中部着丝粒染色体(m)和近中部着丝粒染色体(sm)组成,共有2A、3A、2B和3B四类核型;染色体相对长度组成中以中短(M1)、中长(M2)染色体为主,稀有长(L)染色体;邓肯检验表明:山东叶籽实生子代(未表达)和湖北种质的染色体长度比(3.97、1.87)及广西种质和山东叶籽实生子代(未表达)的核型不对称系数、平均臂比值(68.65%和2.36,62.14%和1.72)差异显著;四川种质较原始,广西种质的进化程度最高。 相似文献
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本文对广西三个黄瓜品种(梧州黄瓜、百色早黄瓜和张黄黄瓜)和一个北方黄瓜(津研4号)作了核型比较分析,它们的染色体数目均为2n=2x=14,但核型稍有差别,其中梧州黄瓜的核型分类为1B,百色早黄瓜的核型分类为1A,张黄黄瓜和津研4号的核型分类为2A。津研4号的第2号染色体上具次缢痕,这种次缢痕似乎可作为黄瓜品种分类的标志之一。对它们的进化和亲缘关系亦作了讨论。 相似文献
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Bao-Rong Lu Ma. Elizabeth B. Naredo Amita B. Juliano Michael T. Jackson 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1997,44(1):25-31
To determine the genomic constitution of Oryza meridionalis Ng (2n=2x=24) and to estimate genomic affinity between Asian and Australian wild species of rice containing the AA genomes, chromosome pairing was analyzed at metaphase I in O. meridionalis, O. rufipogon Griff. (2n=2x=24), O. nivara Sharma et Shastry (2n=2x=24), O. sativa f. spontanea Rosch, and their artifical hybrids. The Oryza parental species and their F1 hybrids showed normal meiosis, but slightly reduced chiasma fequency was observed in the hybrids. It is concluded from the cytological analysis that (i) the Australian O. meridionalis contains the AA genome which has very high affinity to that in the Asian AA genome wild species of rice; (ii) chromosome structual changes, such as inversions and reciprocal translocations, have occurred in the genomes of the different species studied. 相似文献
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Karyotypic Studies on Some Cultivated and Wild Species of Chenopodium (Chenopodiaceae) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Detailed karyotypic studies have been done in 20 wild and cultivated taxa of Chenopodium, which belong to three ploidy levels 2x, 4x and 6x. C. quinoa (4x) shows minor but consistent differences in the arm ratio of various chromosomes within the complements of different accessions.
The chromosomes can be arranged in 18 pairs that suggest allotetraploid nature. The karyotype of C. berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae (4x) is basically similar to that of C. quinoa. C. bushianum (6x) is distinctly different from the above two species in showing highest ratio between longest and shortest chromosomes.
C. album complex is characterized by consisting of 2x, 4x and 6x cytotypes. Marked karyotypic differentiation is seen even among various
2x accessions. The 4x cytotype has a more asymmetrical karyotype as compared with 2x and 6x cytotypes. The karyotypic differences
are also apparent between two 6x cytotypes studied. C. strictum (6x) and C. giganteum (6x) show close similarity to 6x types of C. album. 相似文献
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A reevaluation of karyotype in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
A karyotype analysis was conducted on the mitotic chromosomes of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.; 2n = 2 × = 14), using improved chromosome preparation and C-banding techniques. Chromosome pairs were characterized on the basis of length and arm ratio value. The length of metaphase chromosomes ranged from 1.48 to 2.31 m, and the total length of the haploid chromosome complement was 13.06 m. The karyotype of this species was symmetric, and consisted of six metacentric and one submetacentric chromosomes. All chromosomes were defined by their unique C-banding patterns. The C-banded karyotype included centromeric, telomeric, and intercalary bands depending on chromosome pair leading to a precise identification of each pair. The C-banding patterns were distinctly different from observations made in previous study. 相似文献
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A. K. Phurailatpam K. A. Geetha Satyabrata Maiti 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(6):1565-1570
Piper betle L. (betelvine) is a dioecious species which is a native of Central and South East Asia and it is cultivated in an area of about 50,000 ha in India. The basic chromosome number of this species is x?=?13. Only fragmented work has so far been reported on chromosome numbers and ploidy status. The extremely small size and high number of chromosomes, interclonal variability and very dense cytoplasmic contents make critical analysis difficult. In India, a large number of germplasm has been collected and assembled in All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Betelvine centers by sustained efforts of betelvine workers over a period of two and half decades. Hybridization work was also initiated and a few hybrids have been developed in India. But hybrid depression was noticed in most of the hybrids. Hence a study was undertaken to determine compatible ploidy level of available male and female germplasm using flow cytometry. Cytological studies conducted in a selected male cultivar revealed 2n?=?3x?=?39 and female cultivar it was 2n?=?4x?=?52 chromosomes and these cultivars were used as control samples in the flow cytometry analysis. Flow cytometric study showed that all male accessions were grouped within the same ploidy level (triploid) while all females were grouped in another ploidy group (tetraploid). The present study also gave explanation for the observed hybrid depression due to the possibility of aneuploid hybrid formation by the fusion of unbalanced gametes developed from the triploid male parents. Flow cytometry could thus be utilized for the rapid screening and earlier detection of the aneuploids in hybrid seedlings in the species. Separation of sexes by ploidy difference is also a new report in P. betle. 相似文献