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饲在太平洋牡蛎人工育苗过程中，海水单胞藻是不可替代的活性生物饵料。不同种类的海水单胞藻在适口性、营养价值、消化难易及对牡蛎幼虫的毒性等方面情况差异，这必然要影响到牡蛎浮游幼虫的生长变态及成活率，从而影响到育苗结果。在本试验中，使用包括云微藻在内的六种在贝类育苗中常用的海水单胞藻作投喂试验，观察、比较了太平洋牡蛎浮游幼虫的生长发育及成活情况，并据此对这几种海水单胞藻及其组合的优势、生产上的适用性进行评判。目前，大部分太平洋牡蛎育苗场在育苗生产中使用云微藻，甚少使用其它藻类虽然也能够培育出种苗，但使… 相似文献
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扁藻干制品在海湾扇贝育苗中的应用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为解决贝类育苗唯一饵料单细胞藻供应不足的问题，制备扁藻干制品——扁藻粉、扁藻精，设计9组进行了海湾扇贝浮游幼虫的不同投喂效果试验，变态率72％-87％，效果较好。 相似文献
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单细胞藻类的培养是泥蚶人工育苗的基础，单胞藻饵料培养的品种、质量以及投喂数量，直接影响着泥蚶亲贝性腺发育、幼虫、稚贝的成活与生长。根据泥蚶幼虫发育的不同阶段，需培养和投喂不同品种的饵料，我们就此问题进行了探讨。１ 材料方法１．１ 单胞藻品种有硅藻：三角褐指藻、小硅藻。金藻：湛江叉鞭藻、３０１１、大溪地等。扁藻：亚心形扁藻、青岛大扁藻。１．２ 泥蚶亲贝购自浙江温州自然海区，性腺尚未发育。亲贝经促熟培养后催产，获得所需的幼虫及稚贝。试验用池为５ｍ× ６ｍ ×１．１ｍ的水泥池。１．３ 饵料培养 藻种培养：５ … 相似文献
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正微藻生物饵料普遍应用于双壳贝类的苗种生产中,还作为动物性生物饵料的食物和营养强化剂间接应用于水产经济动物的苗种生产。定量投喂是重要的投饵原则之一,也是决定育苗成败的重要环节。在虾夷扇贝人工育苗中,亲贝促熟阶段饵料以硅藻为主,每天投喂8～12次,每次2万个/毫升;幼体培育开口饵料为金藻,每天0.5万～1万个/毫升,随幼体长大其投喂量增加。投饵量不足会造成幼虫营养不良,投饵量过多会败坏水质,影响幼虫的生长发育,因此寻找一种简单准确、应用于生产的饵料定量方法尤为重要。 相似文献
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在实验车间内利用120L的塑料箱作为实验容器,采用自溶面包酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)作为单细胞藻的辅助饵料,研究其在马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii Dunker)育苗中的饵料效果,以期解决该贝育苗过程饵料供应不稳定、易培饵料品种小球藻(Chlorella sp.)利用率低的问题。研究结果表明:(1)在温度(30.0±0.5)℃、NaCl质量分数3%、pH6.5～7.0的自溶条件下,用经过18h自溶的酵母投喂D形幼虫,其平均日壳长增长率显著高于其他自溶时间酵母投喂组效果,单独投喂非自溶酵母时D形幼虫不能存活;(2)D形幼虫期单投自溶酵母,幼虫成活率与金藻组没有显著差异(P>0.05),生长速度比金藻组提高8%(P<0.05),说明自溶酵母可以完全替代湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis Hu﹠Liu),但在壳顶幼虫期和稚贝期单投自溶酵母不能使幼虫和稚贝正常发育和存活;(3)壳顶幼虫期及眼点幼虫至稚贝期投喂"自溶酵母 小球藻(Chlorella sp.)"或"自溶酵母 扁藻[Platymonas subcordiformis(Wille)]",其生长速度及存活率或稚贝育成率均显著高于单投扁藻或小球藻(P<0.05),单投小球藻的饵料效果最差;(4)自溶酵母与小球藻混投对眼点幼虫至稚贝培育效果较单独投喂影响显著,可显著(P<0.05)提高稚贝的育成率、生长速度和耐干露能力。研究表明,使用自溶酵母可以优化马氏珠母贝健康苗种规模繁育中的饵料供应工艺及提高易培饵料品种小球藻的利用价值,从而提高该贝育苗效果。 相似文献
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单胞藻是一类体型微小的单细胞藻类，是海洋中最基础的生产力，也是海水养殖动物育苗期的基础饵料之一。在海水养殖中常用的单胞藻种类及其适宜投喂的养殖动物见表１。表１常用的单胞藻种类及其适宜投喂的养殖动物及饵料动物注：１．√：适宜；×：不适宜；－：不确定。２．投喂效果以２～３种单胞藻混合投喂为佳。目前，我国海水养殖动物育苗期的单胞藻供应主要是活体单胞藻。由于活体单胞藻的培养常常受其自身固有的生长繁殖规律及其培养设施、天气情况、培养技术等条件的制约，致使育苗期间经常发生饵料短缺，影响了人工育苗的稳定性。特… 相似文献
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Feeding rate responses of Babylonia formosae habei (Prosobranchia: Buccinidae) larvae on cultured algae 
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下载免费PDF全文 Babylonia formosae habei is a commercially important marine gastropod species. Food particles ingested by the planktotrophic larvae of B. formosae habei can be critical in maximizing the larval growth and survival of this species. In this study, feeding rate responses of B. formosae habei larvae on cultured algae were observed using a Coulter multisizer. Variations were recorded based on the changes of different factors of influence, including varied larval stoking density, varied types of algae, varied algae concentrations and selective feeding on mixed algae cells of different types. Results of this study reveal some facts on the feeding of B. formosae habei larvae: larval stoking density has negative effect on their feeding rates; larva has a higher feeding rate on big‐sized algae than small‐sized algae; larva has a higher feeding rate on diatom than green algae and flagellate; feeding rate of larvae increased when fed mixed algae cells. Optimal algal concentration of the cultured algae Chlorella sp., Chaetoceros muelleri, Isochrysis zhanjiangensis and Dunaliella tertiolecta was suggested at 20 × 104, 5 × 104, 20 × 104 and 10 × 104 cells mL?1 respectively. Results of the preset study can be important in understanding feeding ecology of B. formosae habei larvae, and applicable for the aquaculture of this species. 相似文献
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James M. Biedenbach Linda L. Smith Tamara K. Thomsen Addison L. Lawrence 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1989,20(2):61-71
Penueus vannumei larvae (P2 through M3 ) and early postlarvae (<24 h old postlarva) were fed diets consisting of algae-only, nematodes ( Panugrellus redivivus ) plus algae or Artemia plus algae. Growth (dry biomass gain) of second and third stage protozoea larvae fed the nematodealgae diet was significantly better than that of larvae fed the Artemia-algae diet. From the first mysis through the postlarval substage (<24 h old), growth of shrimp fed the nematodealgae diet equalled that of larvae fed the Artemia-algae diet. All larval substages fed nematodes plus algae accumulated significantly greater biomass than those fed a diet of only algae. Survival and percent metamorphosis of larvae fed nematodes plus algae did not differ significantly from that of larvae fed either Artemia plus algae or algae alone. A nematodealgae feeding regime, which potentially yields growth, survival and metamorphosis equal to that obtained on the standard Artemia plus algae regime, is proposed for P. vannamei . 相似文献
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Ivar Holmefjord Jon Gulbrandsen Ingrid Lein Terje Refstie Philippe Léger Ingvar Huse Torstein Harboe Patrick Sorgeloos Yngvar Olsen Sylvie Bolla Kjell Inge Reitan Olav Vadstein Gunvor Øie Anne Danielsberg 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1993,24(2):275-284
The larval stage is regarded to be the main bottleneck of halibut production. Halibut eggs were obtained from captive broodstock both by stripping and by natural spawning. Artificial photoperiods were used to increase the total spawning season. Yolk sac larvae are presently produced either in small stagnant units or in large flow through systems. A major consideration is to avoid stress of the larvae, caused by mechanical disturbances of the larvae and by high bacterial load or high ammonia levels in the water.
The experiments showed that halibut larvae began to ingest algae earlier than rotifers Brachionus sp. Supplementation of algae to first feeding tanks resulted in enhanced survival and growth rate of the larvae. Both rotifers and Artemia can be enriched with very high levels of highly unsaturated n-3 fatty acids (n-3 HUFA). Enriched live feed, containing high levels of n-3 HUFA and total lipids, enhanced both survival and growth of the halibut larvae. The highest growth rates were obtained with wild zooplankton and addition of algae, but enriched cultivated feed combined with algae resulted in growth of the same magnitude as with wild zooplankton. 相似文献
The experiments showed that halibut larvae began to ingest algae earlier than rotifers Brachionus sp. Supplementation of algae to first feeding tanks resulted in enhanced survival and growth rate of the larvae. Both rotifers and Artemia can be enriched with very high levels of highly unsaturated n-3 fatty acids (n-3 HUFA). Enriched live feed, containing high levels of n-3 HUFA and total lipids, enhanced both survival and growth of the halibut larvae. The highest growth rates were obtained with wild zooplankton and addition of algae, but enriched cultivated feed combined with algae resulted in growth of the same magnitude as with wild zooplankton. 相似文献
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The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of two light regimes that independently had shown positive effects on feeding and growth in cultures of Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L.), larvae. The regimes were low-intensity overhead light and submerged light at intermediate light intensities. Secondly, an alleged beneficial effect of algae was investigated. An experiment was designed to include four different regimes in the larval cultures: low-intensity overhead light with and without algae (Tetraselmis sp.), and submerged light with and without algae. The results showed that submerged light was superior to overhead light with respect to larval growth, survival and feeding incidence. It was further indicated that algae improved larval growth and survival, but no effect was shown on feeding incidence. There was, however, no interaction between the effects of algae and those of the light regime. The causal effect of the algae may be ascribed to indirect factors, such as light attenuation as well as a direct and indirect nutritional effect. 相似文献
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B.R. Howell 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1979,18(3):215-225
Experiments on the live food requirements of cultured turbot larvae are described. A mixture of six species of unicellular algae did not sustain early larvae, but the growth and survival of larvae fed with rotifers were considerably improved when the rotifers were feeding on Isochrysis galbana rather than on Dunaliella tertiolecta. Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae offered alone or with rotifers, did not produce higher larval growth or survival than rotifers alone. Black tanks were found to be more suitable than white tanks for rearing larval turbot. 相似文献
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Ceramic clay has been increasingly used to improve contrast and prey detection in tanks for rearing of fish larvae. In contrast to live microalgae or algae pastes, clay increases turbidity without contributing to the organic matter load. In addition, clay may aggregate and sediment organic matter and bacteria, facilitating its removal. Marine larvae are sensitive to infections by opportunistic bacteria. Fish, algae, and live feed increase the microbial carrying capacity of the rearing water which allow exponential growth of bacteria and favor fast-growing opportunists. Reducing substrate levels by replacing microalgae with clay may reduce bacteria proliferation and benefit larvae. We compared the effects of three rearing regimes including live Isochrysis galbana, Nannochloropsis oculata paste, and ceramic clay on the bacterial community, concentration of organic matter, and growth and survival of Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua L.). The application of clay resulted in reduced substrate levels for bacteria in the rearing water compared to the addition of live algae or algae paste. To some extent, clay aggregated and transported organic matter to the bottom of the larval fish tanks, where it could be effectively removed. Fish tanks receiving clay showed a lower abundance of bacteria in the water than tanks added algae paste or live algae. Fish tanks with algae paste showed a higher abundance of bacteria and a higher share of cultivable bacteria and TCBS counts than the other two treatments. Tanks with live algae showed low relative abundances of opportunistic bacteria and TCBS counts in both water and rotifers. Cod larvae in tanks with clay or live algae initiated exponential growth earlier than larvae in tanks with algae paste. Larvae in tanks receiving clay had significantly higher dry weight than larvae in tanks receiving algae paste at day 5 and 20 post hatching. The survival of larvae in the tanks added clay was variable. Two of the three tanks with clay had significantly higher larval survival than the tanks with live algae or algae paste. However, one tank with clay underwent 100% mortality. It is not possible to conclude whether this was related to the use of clay or an incidental development of a harmful microbial community in this tank. The effects of clay addition on larval performance should be studied further. Clay addition appears to be an easy way to reduce bacterial load during early first feeding of marine larvae without compromising the beneficial effects of turbidity. 相似文献
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Tawfiq Abu-Rezq K Al-Abdul-Elah R Duremdez A Al-Marzouk C M James H Al-Gharabally & J Al-Shimmari 《Aquaculture Research》2002,33(2):117-128
Studies were carried out to determine the effect of using the rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis (Muller) (S‐type), subjected to different treatments on the growth and survival of blue‐fin sea bream, Sparidentex hasta (Valenciennes), larvae. This was to illustrate the role of mixed algae added to the oil enrichments for the treatment of the rotifers to improve the sea bream larval survival. The highest sea bream larval survival (P < 0.05) was obtained while feeding the larvae with rotifers enriched in a mixture of algae plus half the recommended dose of Super Selco and DHA Protein Selco. No significant difference (P > 0.05) in the larval growth was observed between different treatments. However, larval survival was significantly high (P < 0.05) when rotifers were not treated with antibiotics. The results show that there is no need to use antibiotics to treat the rotifers before feeding the blue‐fin sea bream larvae, providing that the rinsing procedure for rotifers used in this study is followed. 相似文献
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Minh‐Hoang Le Khuong V. Dinh Minh V. Nguyen Ivar Rnnestad 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(6):2535-2544
Ongoing global warming is one of the major challenges for the development of aquaculture in the tropical regions where species are already cultured in the water temperature close to their upper physiological thresholds. Furthermore, warming can trigger blooms of toxic algae, yet we do not know how extreme warming such as a marine heatwave (MHW) and algal toxins may affect marine aquaculture species. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of a simulated MHW in combination with exposure to trans‐4‐trans‐decadienal (PUA), a diatom‐derived toxin, on survival, growth, development and biochemical composition of cobia larvae and juveniles. Cobia larvae were exposed for 48 hr to one of two temperatures (29 vs. 34°C) and two PUA treatments (0 vs. 0.5 µM). Surviving larvae from each treatment were divided into two subsets: three replicates were used for the feeding test and five replicates were used for the recovery test in a non‐contaminated environment at the respective temperatures of 29 or 34°C. Survival of cobia larvae was reduced by 16% in either MHW or PUA, but it dropped by 60% when both stressors were present, indicating a synergistic effect. MHW, but not PUA, reduced the feeding of cobia larvae. PUA had no delayed effects on growth rate and biochemical composition of the fish. MHW strongly reduced specific growth rate, body protein and lipid contents in cobia. Our results provide the first empirical evidence of how MHW and toxic algae may interact and challenge cobia and marine aquaculture production in tropical countries. 相似文献
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The production of juvenile turbot in research and commercial practice still involves the use of live foods for the early larvae. The rotifer Brachionus plicatilis is used for the first few days followed by nauplii of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina. During this live food phase, the addition of live unicellular algae to the rearing tanks improves the growth and survival of the turbot larvae.Within 10 days of the start of feeding, large differences in growth rate become apparent depending on the presence or absence of particular algae. The use of Dunaliella tertiolecta in particular results in stunted growth and high mortalities. Evidence is presented in this paper that Dunaliella tertiolecta is not toxic, and that its failure to support turbot larval growth is probably due to a deficiency of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. These compounds have been shown by other workers to be an essential dietary requirement in O-group turbot. 相似文献