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通过田间系统调查,研究了棉盲蝽在河南省东部棉区的种类及在目前生态条件下的发生规律和治理策略。试验表明,豫东棉区是以苜蓿盲蝽为主与中黑盲蝽混合发生的棉区,每年发生5个世代．较70年代前多发生了一代。越冬代成虫与一代为棉田主害代,以豆科植物为主与菊科植物混生的草荒地是其最主要越冬场所和全年虫源地。开垦草荒地是治理豫东棉盲蝽的有效措施,采用内吸兼触杀性有机磷杀虫剂点涂棉花生长点是控制主害代为害．保护棉花关键部位的最佳技术措施。 相似文献
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以新疆兵团第一师推广的3个棉花品种为材料,采用生物化学方法测定牧草盲蝽危害后棉株叶片叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量和保护酶活力等指标,以探讨棉株体内碳氮含量及保护酶活力变化与牧草盲蝽危害间的关系。研究表明,牧草盲蝽危害对不同品种棉株生理代谢指标变化影响一致,抑制叶绿素、蛋白质合成,受害后棉株叶片可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸含量增加,保护酶中过氧化氢酶活力下降,过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活力上升。新陆中38游离脯氨酸含量上升率及新陆中37可溶性蛋白质含量下降率显著高于j206-5。初步判定j206-5更适应牧草盲蝽取食危害。 相似文献
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长江流域棉盲蝽防治的商榷 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
长江流域棉田的棉盲蝽主要是绿盲蝽、三点盲蝽、中黑盲蝽和赣盲蝽。随着抗虫棉品种的推广,化学防治次数减少,近年来棉盲蝽一般导致减产10%～20%,成为当地棉花害虫防治的主要对象,防治不及时的减产可达50%以上;而且水肥条件越好、生长越茂密的棉田发生越重。由于棉农对棉盲 相似文献
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江苏沿海棉区盲蝽象为害棉花幼铃消长规律 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在不同长势棉田，定期定点系统调查棉株的开花结铃及棉盲蝽（中黑盲蝽和绿盲蝽）的发生数量动态变化，结果表明，棉株的开花结铃与棉田盲蝽数量的消长时期基本一致，棉花幼铃的受害率和盲蝽的发生量表现为同步增长，同时，棉铃受害率与脱落率呈正相关。观察棉铃受盲蝽为害后留下的的刺孔数得知，脱落棉铃的刺孔数明显较未脱落的为多，说明棉铃脱落和盲蝽为害程度有密切关系。在棉株生育过程中，７月２５日至８月２５日为最佳结铃期，亦是防治棉盲蝽和保护棉花产量与质量的关键时期。 相似文献
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通过在菏泽市农业科学院试验基地进行棉盲蝽性诱集防控与化学防治的效果比较试验。结果表明,盲蝽象性诱集和化学防治均对棉花农艺性状和产量均有一定的影响,化学防治处理的产量虽略高于盲蝽象性诱集,但差异不显著;处理后3天、7天、14天的虫口减退率化学药剂防治处理均明显好于盲蝽象性诱集处理,盲蝽象性诱集虽有一定的防效,但随着时间的延迟,诱集效果变差;从经济效益来看,两种方法的差异不明显,虽然盲蝽象性诱集防控材料成本高,但省工和劳动强度小、对环境友好,而化学防治施药次数多,劳动强度大,费工费时,并对环境造成一定的污染。综合考虑盲蝽象性诱剂防控新技术值得进一步示范推广。 相似文献
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近几年随着转基因抗虫棉的普及种植及广谱性杀虫剂使用量的减少 ,盲蝽象由次要害虫逐渐上升为主要害虫。 2 0 0 3年本地大发生 ,造成棉花大面积减产、品质下降 ,因此各地应根据其发生规律 ,采取相应综合防治措施 ,以免来年再度严重发生。为害吴桥县棉田的盲蝽种类主要有 4种 :包括三点盲蝽、绿盲蝽、苜蓿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽 ,其中绿盲蝽为优势种 ,其危害性最大 ,危害程度最高。1绿盲蝽发生原因。1 )牧草种植面积扩大 (特别是紫花苜蓿种植面积的扩大 )、保留大量棉柴在田间越冬及田间杂草的存在都为绿盲蝽越冬提供了丰富的越冬场所。 2 )种植密度… 相似文献
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针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。 相似文献
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Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods. 相似文献
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1 吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切 相似文献
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以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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