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本试验在日粮中添加不同水平的植物乳杆菌代谢产物,研究其对肉鸡生长性能、粪微生物菌群、挥发性脂肪酸含量及小肠绒毛形态的影响。选择健康、体重一致的1日龄AA肉鸡576只,采用单因素试验设计,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复24只鸡,对照组饲喂基础日粮+80 mg/kg新霉素,处理组分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4和0.5%不同水平的植物乳杆菌代谢产物。试验共进行42 d。结果显示:0.4%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组较对照组、0.1%、0.3%和0.5%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组显著提高了42 d肉鸡末重、总增重和平均日增重(P <0.05),0.1%和0.3%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组较0.4%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组显著提高了肉鸡饲料转化率(P <0.05)。对照组较各植物乳杆菌代谢产物组显著提高了粪中大肠杆菌含量(P <0.05),与0.4%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组相比,对照组、0.1%、0.2%和0.5植物乳杆菌代谢产物组显著降低了粪中乙酸含量(P <0.05),0.1%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组较0.3%、0.4%和0.5%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组显著提高了粪中丁酸含量(P <0.05)。0.4%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组总挥发性脂肪酸含量最高,显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。0.4%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度显著高于其他各组(P <0.05),0.2%和0.3%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组十二指肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组、0.1%和0.5%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组(P <0.05),0.2%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组空肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组、0.1%和0.5%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组(P <0.05)。0.1%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组回肠绒毛高度最高(P <0.05)。对照组和0.1%组植物乳杆菌代谢产物十二指肠和空肠隐窝深度显著高于0.4%和0.5%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组(P <0.05),但对照组回肠隐窝深度最低(P <0.05)。结论 :日粮添加植物乳杆菌代谢产物可以改善肉鸡生长性能,降低粪中大肠杆菌含量,提高小肠绒毛高度和粪中挥发性脂肪酸含量,其中日粮添加0.2%和0.4%植物乳杆菌代谢产物对肉鸡增重、饲料转化率和绒毛高度的影响最佳。 相似文献
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研究以植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)为目标菌株,对冷冻干燥高活力乳酸菌粉的保护剂和保存条件进行了试验。结果表明:①海藻糖、谷氨酸钠、蔗糖、山梨醇和乳糖等5种保护剂对植物乳杆菌在冷冻干燥和干燥后贮存过程中均有显著的保护作用,其中,海藻糖的保护作用最为显著,植物乳杆菌存活率高达78.90%,而蔗糖、谷氨酸钠、乳糖和山梨醇作用稍差;②添加了不同保护剂制得的植物乳杆菌粉在4℃和25℃条件下的贮存结果表明,随着贮存温度的升高,植物乳杆菌的死亡率增加,随着保存时间的延长植物乳杆菌的死亡速度加快,添加海藻糖可以明显减缓植物乳杆菌的死亡速度。 相似文献
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植物乳杆菌能够改善人体肠道微生物菌群,产生生物活性物质,吸附重金属,降低胆固醇,并且具有较强的耐酸、耐胆盐能力。但是,植物乳杆菌属于营养缺陷型细菌,缺乏蛋白质分解酶,利用牛奶中乳蛋白的能力较弱,牛奶无法满足其生长和繁殖需求,植物乳杆菌在牛奶中基本不生长。为了使植物乳杆菌在牛奶中生长,主要采取添加四种复合果蔬汁、协同发酵、改变发酵温度等方法,通过测定pH值、滴定酸度、活菌数来判断植物乳杆菌在牛奶中的生长情况。结果表明,7.5%复合菠萝汁-香蕉浆(1∶1)对植物乳杆菌生长促进作用最好,35℃发酵24 h后,活菌数提高100倍,滴定酸度可以达到100°T。 相似文献
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试验探究不同加工方式生产的含益生菌颗粒饲料的贮存稳定性。通过植物乳杆菌制剂与全混合日粮混合后冷压制粒（方法Ⅰ）、全混合日粮制粒后普通液态喷涂添加植物乳杆菌制剂（方法Ⅱ）和全混合日粮制粒后真空喷涂添加植物乳杆菌制剂（方法Ⅲ） 3种方法生产含益生菌颗粒饲料,检测饲料中植物乳杆菌的存活率。将生产的3种含益生菌颗粒饲料,分别使用普通编织袋（包装Ⅰ）和真空包装袋（包装Ⅱ）封装,置于低温（4～8℃）和室温（17～23℃）条件下贮存2个月,观察不同时期饲料中植物乳杆菌的存活率及有效活菌数的变化情况。结果显示,3种不同加工方式生产的饲料中植物乳杆菌的存活率分别为41.6%、84.1%、91.8%。方法Ⅰ、方法Ⅱ和方法Ⅲ生产的饲料,使用包装Ⅰ和包装Ⅱ封装,在低温条件下贮存2个月,植物乳杆菌的存活率分别为2.3%、15.4%、22.1%和6.6%、28.5%、35.6%,此时有效活菌的数量级分别为10、102、103和103、104、105;在室温条件下贮存的过程中,没有检测出植物乳杆菌的时间点分别为第5、第6、第6 w和第6、第8、第8 w。研究表明,使用先制粒后喷涂添加益生菌的加工方法可以有效保护饲料... 相似文献
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为提高湿热地区青贮饲料的品质,本研究首先分析了从西南高温高湿地区青贮饲料中分离到的227株天然乳酸菌种群结构,再根据乳酸菌在高温条件下的生长活性和产酸能力筛选到4株优质乳酸菌(LP149、LS358、LR753和LPA761),并对菌株生理生化特性和生长、产酸曲线进行了测定。结果表明,天然植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)是高温高湿地区青贮料中最常见的乳酸菌菌株(占62.55%),其次是鼠李糖乳杆菌(L. rhamnosus)和副干酪乳杆菌(L. paracasei),分别占总乳酸菌的13.21%和9.25%。所筛选的4株菌株为革兰氏阳性和过氧化氢酶阴性的杆状菌,能够在pH 3.5和45℃的条件下生长。根据生理、生化特征和16S rRNA测序分析,LP149、LS358、LR753和LPA761分别被鉴定为植物乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌(L. salivarius)、鼠李糖乳杆菌和副干酪乳杆菌。在37和45℃条件下的菌株生长和产酸曲线结果表明,筛选出的4株乳酸菌有良好的高温适应性(45℃),不仅生长速度快,产酸能力强,耐盐性较好,对糖源利用范围广,而且对酸性环境有较好的适应性,可以作为后续进行高温青贮回填试验的候选菌株。 相似文献
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添加剂对不同含水量多花黑麦草青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究不同添加剂对不同含水量多花黑麦草（Lolium multiflorum Lam.）样品青贮品质以及有氧稳定性的影响,在含水量分别为75%和65%条件下的多花黑麦草中添加3种不同的添加剂（甲酸、植物乳杆菌、布氏乳杆菌）青贮,在60天时开袋对青贮料进行测定。结果表明,75%和65%水分条件下的植物乳杆菌组pH值显著低于其他处理组（P<0.05）,且乳酸含量显著高于其他处理组（P<0.05）;布氏乳杆菌处理组的氨态氮/总氮和乙酸含量显著高于其他处理组（P<0.05）;甲酸组可溶性碳水化合物含量显著高于其他处理组（P<0.05）。就有氧稳定性而言,75%水分条件下布氏乳杆菌处理组的有氧稳定性（186 h）显著高于其他处理组（P<0.05）。在75%和65% 2种水分条件下,3种不同类型的添加剂都能有效改善多花黑麦草青贮品质,改善程度依次为：植物乳杆菌 >甲酸 >布氏乳杆菌;开袋后,75%和65% 2种水分条件下,添加布氏乳杆菌能有效改善多花黑麦草青贮料的有氧稳定性。 相似文献
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为探讨腐殖酸钠对大肠杆菌的抑制作用机理,试验采用稀释平板计数法测定不同水平腐殖酸钠对大肠杆菌的抑制效果,并通过透射电镜对大肠杆菌菌体进行观察。结果表明,添加5%、10%、15%腐殖酸钠可使大肠杆菌活菌数量明显降低（P＜0.05）;同一菌株随腐殖酸钠添加量增加,抑制效果明显加强（P＜0.05）;不同菌株在相同处理条件下,随时间的延长,抑制作用越明显。透射电镜下观察发现,添加5%腐殖酸钠组与添加5%腐殖酸钠调节pH组均可使大肠杆菌细胞膜通透性改变,细胞内出现空泡。综上所述,腐殖酸钠可有效抑制大肠杆菌生长。 相似文献
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Three gut lactobacilli from piglets (Lactobacillus plantarum L 5, Lactobacillus paracasei L 81, Lactobacillus fermentum L 670) and Lactobacillus casei subsp. pseudoplantarum L.c.) from a calf were examined by microtitre plate binding assay for their lectin-like binding activity after their cultivation on Rogosa agar and in MRS broth. Three ECM (extracellular matrix) molecules (fetuin, porcine fibronectin and porcine mucin) were selected for this assay. Additionally, the effect of heparin on the binding of these three ECM molecules by Lactobacillus strains in microtitre plates was tested. Moreover, haemagglutination tests with pig, cattle, sheep, and hen erythrocytes were performed. However, none of the four Lactobacillus strains examined did react with any of the erythrocytes tested. The differences between individual strains were observed in their binding to immobilised ECM molecules. The best adherent was the Lactobacillus plantarum L5, however, the other three strains showed also good ECM binding. With regard to an influence of cultivation medium on lectin-like binding activity, binding of all ECM molecules was expressed in Lactobacillus paracasei L 81 to significantly higher degree (P < 0.001) after cultivation on Rogosa agar than in MRS broth. Similarly, strains Lactobacillus fermentum L 670 and Lactobacillus casei subsp. pseudoplantarum L.c. displayed significantly higher (P < 0.001) binding of fibronectin and mucin after growth on Rogosa agar in comparison with MRS broth cultivation. However, no significant (on fetuin and fibronectin binding) or opposite effect (on mucin binding) of cultivation medium was observed in Lactobacillus plantarum L 5 strain. The influence of cultivation medium on fetuin binding by Lactobacillus fermentum L 670 was also not significant while Lactobacillus casei subsp. pseudoplantarum L.c. bound fetuin significantly better (P < 0.01) after growth on Rogosa agar. Heparin pretreatment increased the binding of the ECM molecules by the Lactobacillus fermentum L 670 strain significantly (P < 0.001 or P < 0.05) with the exception of porcine fibronectin when the strain was cultivated in MRS broth. This result is important especially in the connection with the previous observations that heparin decreased ECM binding of enteropathogens as staphylococci or clinical enterococcal isolates. Following up on some earlier strain characteristics, these results indicate that the selected lactobacilli are probably suitable for probiotic purposes. 相似文献
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Masanori TOHNO Hisami KOBAYASHI Masaru NOMURA Maki KITAHARA Moriya OHKUMA Ryuichi UEGAKI Yimin CAI 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(2):111-120
Twenty-three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from three cultivars (Akiaoba, Nagahahikari and Tachiwase) of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage were precisely characterized by a combination of phenotypic tests, genotypic 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and rapid PCR-based analyses, focusing on their useful phenotypes for silage preparation as inoculants. We successfully identified both at the species and subspecies levels: phenotypically novel Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens, Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum, Lactobacillus sakei subsp. carnosus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum and Pediococcus parvulus. This is the first report to elucidate the presence of Lactobacillus coryniformis ssp. torquens and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum in Italian ryegrass silages. Physiological and biochemical tests revealed that phenotypic characteristics are different among the different strains of the same species and subspecies, and that the isolates show unique and diverse phenotypes related to fermentation factors, such as available carbohydrates, optimal growth pH and temperature. These results suggest that, for various well-preserved silage preparations, the isolates may be useful in producing novel inoculants corresponding to their optimally climatic and ecological niches. 相似文献
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为了解猪肠道正常菌群的耐药性及其临床意义,从健康猪新鲜粪便中,分别采用麦康凯琼脂、MRS增菌液与HYA琼脂、MRS增菌液与TYP琼脂分离大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌,并挑取单个菌落进行形态染色观察、生化鉴定及药敏试验。结果发现,大肠杆菌对克林霉素和红霉素有较强耐药性,乳酸杆菌对诺氟沙星有较强耐药性,而双歧杆菌对诺氟沙星、氯霉素有较强耐药性,提示正常菌群的耐药性可能是影响肠道病原菌感染及其治疗效果的不可忽视因素。 相似文献
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Linda Sarelli Mikko Tuori Ilkka Saastamoinen Liisa Syrjälä-qvist Hannu Saloniemi 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(1):58-63
The phytoestrogen content of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) was determined. In addition, the effects of growth stage, wilting and ensiling additives on content were studied. Birdsfoot trefoil raw material and silage contained only traces of phytoestrogens. In red clover raw material and silage, the phytoestrogen content varied from 0.8% to 1.1% of dry matter. Content was affected by growth stage of the plant and wilting. Formononetin concentration decreased as the plant matured from budding to flowering stage, and wilting from 25% to 40% of dry matter content decreased genistein and biochanin A content. The phytoestrogen content of red clover silage was 18% higher than that of raw material. Silage additives also affected the content. Silage ensiled with an additive containing Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial inoculate had higher concentrations of genistein and biochanin A than silage made with formic acid. 相似文献
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Survival of spray‐dried and free‐cells of potential probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 564 in soft goat cheese 
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下载免费PDF全文 Zorica Radulović Jelena Miočinović Nemanja Mirković Milica Mirković Dušanka Paunović Marina Ivanović Sanja Seratlić 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(11):1849-1854
A high viability of probiotics in food product, with a living cells threshold of 107/cfu/g (colony‐forming units/g) is a challenge to achieve in food production. Spray drying is an efficient and economic industrial method for probiotic bacterial preservation and its application in food products. In this study, the survival of free and spray‐dried cells of potential probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum 564 after production and during 8 weeks of storage of soft acid coagulated goat cheese was investigated, as well as compositional and sensory quality of cheese. Total bacterial count of spray‐dried Lb. plantarum 564 cells were maintained at the high level of 8.82 log/cfu/g in cheese after 8 weeks of storage, while free‐cell number decreased to 6.9 log/cfu/g. However, the chemical composition, pH values and sensory evaluation between control cheese (C1 sample made with commercial starter culture) and treated cheese samples (C2 and C3, made with the same starter, with the addition of free and spray‐dried Lb. plantarum 564 cells, respectively) did not significantly differ. High viability of potential probiotic bacteria and acceptable sensory properties indicate that spray‐dried Lb. plantarum 564 strain could be successfully used in the production of soft acid coagulated goat cheeses. 相似文献
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Masanori Fukao Takeshi Zendo Takuro Inoue Nobuo Fuke Tomoo Moriuchi Yasuhiro Yamane Jiro Nakayama Kenji Sonomoto Tetsuya Fukaya 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(12):1575-1580
The probiotic Lactobacillus brevis KB290 is a natural producer of cell‐bound exopolysaccharide (EPS), and the plasmid‐encoded glycosyltransferase genes are responsible for this EPS production. KB290 forms unique rugose colonies inside an agar medium; this characteristic is useful for detecting and enumerating KB290 in the gut or feces. However, the genetic elements associated with this morphology remain unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the relation between the plasmid eps genes and rugose colony morphology in KB290. The plasmid‐cured mutants formed smooth colonies, and the rugose colony morphology was restored after complementation with the eps genes. The eps genes were successfully cloned and expressed in other L. brevis and L. plantarum strains. In these transformant strains, the presence of the EPS, consisting of glucose and N‐acetylglucosamine, correlated with rugose colonies, indicating that EPS is responsible for rugose colony formation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report identifying the genetic factors influencing rugose colonies in Lactobacillus strains. This rugose colony formation may serve as a useful selective marker for KB290 in routine laboratory and research settings and can be used to detect the spontaneous loss of plasmids in this strain. 相似文献
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Effects of ethanol,molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum on the fermentation quality,in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silages in the Tibetan plateau of China 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Xianjun Yuan Aiyou Wen Jian Wang Gang Guo Seare T. Desta Tao Shao 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(5):681-689
In Tibet, it is common practice to make and relocate total mixed ration (TMR) silages before feeding due to the uneven distribution of forages temporally and spatially. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum (L), molasses (M) or ethanol (E) on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of local adaptive TMR silage. After 45 days of ensiling, pH and ammonia nitrogen in inoculated TMR silages were significantly lower than control. During the first 6 days of the aerobic exposure test, a small fluctuation in lactic acid concentration for all TMR silages was observed, and then silages with ethanol continued this trend, while lactic acid in silage without ethanol sharply decreased until the end of the aerobic exposure period. Meanwhile, pH gradually increased along the aerobic exposure; silages treated with ethanol showed lower pH after 9 days of aerobic exposure. The population of yeast gradually increased during 6 days of aerobic exposure, after that an accelerated rise was observed in TMR silages without ethanol. The combinational beneficial effect of L. plantarum and ethanol was found in combined addition of ethanol and Lactobacillus plantarum silages (EL), indicated by intermediate fermentation quality and higher aerobic stability. 相似文献
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以益生菌植物乳杆菌LIP-1为研究对象,MRS基础培养基为对照,通过改变培养基的成分及其含量（碳源、氮源、碳氮总量及碳氮比、缓冲盐）,研究培养基成分的变化对植物乳杆菌LIP-1高密度培养的活菌数以及冷冻干燥后存活率的影响。结果表明：通过优化工艺和配方确定的最佳培养基组成为碳源（蔗糖）添加量33.35 g/L、复合氮源（酵母粉、大豆蛋白胨、酪蛋白胨质量比3∶3∶5）添加量10.80 g/L、缓冲盐（乙酸钠、磷酸氢二钾、柠檬酸钠质量比2.5∶1∶1）添加量14.85 g/L（即0.13 mol/L）;用优化后 相似文献
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Microflora in traditional starter cultures for fermented milk, hurunge, from Inner Mongolia, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Microflora were investigated in traditional starter cultures for fermented milk, hurunge, which are used for fermented dairy products by nomadic families in the Inner Mongolia Autonomic Region, China. The acid‐forming bacteria and yeast counts ranged from 1.8 × 105 to 5.3 × 108 c.f.u./g and from 6.1 × 105 to 3.2 × 106 c.f.u./g, respectively. Sixty‐six strains of lactic acid bacteria and 30 strains of yeasts were isolated and identified from three hurunge samples collected from the nomadic families. Lactococcus raffinolactis was the most predominant lactococci isolated from these samples. The other lactococci were Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris. Two major lactobacilli strains, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei, were identified. In addition, Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, Lactobacillus acetotolerans, which grew in 11% acetic acid culture medium, and Lactobacillus homohiochii, which grew in the culture medium containing 16% ethanol, were also identified. The isolated yeast strains were identified as Candida kefyr, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis, Candida krusei and Candida valida. 相似文献