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1.
为了揭示广东7 种典型的植被型植物多样性的差异及其规律。从广东省森林资源连续清查固定样地中抽取267 个有林地的固定样地开展植物多样性调查调查,以Margalef 指数作为物种丰富度指标、以Shannon-Wiener 指数作为物种多样性指标、以Pielou 指数作为均匀度指标对每种植被型的乔木层、灌木层和草本层进行植物多样性评价。结果显示：乔木层的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数总体呈现出常绿阔叶林＞常绿落叶阔叶混交林＞暖性针阔混交林＞热性针阔混交林＞暖性针叶林＞热性针叶林＞阔叶林型（人工植被）;灌木层的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数总体表现为常绿落叶阔叶混交林＞热性针阔混交林＞暖性针叶林＞暖性针阔混交林＞常绿阔叶林＞阔叶林型（人工植被）＞热性针叶林;草本层的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数总体趋势为热性针阔混交林＞常绿落叶阔叶混交林＞阔叶林型（人工植被）＞热性针叶林＞常绿阔叶林＞暖性针叶林＞暖性针阔混交林。 相似文献
2.
《浙江林业科技》2014,(1)
通过380个浙江省生态公益林中常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、松林、杉木林4种主要森林群落的典型样地调查,对不同群落类型物种多样性的时空格局进行研究,结果表明:在空间格局上不同群落类型物种多样性存在较大差异,乔木层多样性指数以针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林为最高;针阔混交林的下木层物种数最高,其次是常绿阔叶林,但下木层各指数在各林型间均无显著差异;杉木林下草本层物种数指数最高,松林草本层各项指数都最低。从时间格局分析,不同群落类型的多样性指数随年龄变化各不相同,常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林乔木层物种数在幼龄-中龄-近熟阶段趋势一致,均为先大幅增加然后略有下降,两种针叶林型的物种数都相对稳定;4种主要群落类型的乔木层Simpson生态优势度指数D,常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林随时间变化趋势一致,均为先增加后略有下降再增加,且显著高于同年龄级的针叶林;常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林乔木层Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′随时间各异,但都极显著高于同年龄级针叶林的指数。常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林群落物种组成丰富、多样性指数高,是浙江省生态公益林的理想群落与目的群落。 相似文献
3.
不同干扰强度对杭州西湖山区植被多样性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对不同干扰条件下杭州西湖山区植被多样性进行了比较,发现随着干扰程度的增加,常绿阔叶林、落叶阔叶林和针阔叶混交林的物种数均是在中度干扰时最高,重度干扰时最低。常绿阔叶林和针阔叶混交林中各层次的均匀度大小为灌木层>藤本层>草本层>乔木层,而落叶阔叶林中各层次的均匀度大小为灌木层>草本层>乔木层>藤本层。3种植被类型中灌木层的优势度都最小,物种数最多,因此灌木层的物种多样性也最高。 相似文献
4.
5.
哀牢山植物多样性垂直分布格局 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以设于哀牢山各植物群的样地调查材料为依据,分析了哀牢山东、西坡不同海拔高度地带性植物群落乔木层林木的高、径垂直分布特征,植物群落生物多样性指数的垂直分布态势。结果表明:该山地植物群落乔木层和灌木层的植物物种多样性沿海拔梯度呈单峰型分布格局,以中山湿性常绿阔叶林乔木层林木的最大和平均树高、最大胸径值和物种多样性指数最大;而灌木层植物物种多样性指数最大值出现在中山湿性常绿阔叶林带下的季风常绿阔叶林和半湿性常绿阔叶林带内;而草本层植物的物种多样性指数则沿海拔梯度上升呈整体减小的趋势;累加其植物群落乔、灌、草3层植物的物种多样性指数,哀牢山东、西坡植物群落的Shannon-Weiner指数和物种丰富度最大值出现在海拔高度2000 m左右。在相同海拔高度处,西坡植物群落的植物物种多样性高于东坡,季风常绿阔叶林的物种多样性大于半湿性常绿阔叶林,而山顶苔藓矮林的植物物种多样性最小。 相似文献
6.
《西部林业科学》2020,(4)
以针阔混交林、次生季风常绿阔叶林、成熟季风常绿阔叶林构成的演替系列为研究对象,采用空间代替时间法,比较、分析不同演替系列草本植物物种多样性特征,探讨季风常绿阔叶林演替过程中草本植物物种多样性变化规律。结果表明,在针阔混交林中草本植物共有14科22属22种,次生林中草本植物共有14科25属25种,成熟林中草本植物共有13科21属22种;随着演替的进行,丰富度指数呈先增大后减小的趋势,而Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数随着演替的进行呈先减小后增大的趋势;在不同的演替阶段中,草本植物的物种组成发生了变化,检验中,针阔混交林与次生常绿阔叶林的草本物种Sorensen相似性系数高达0.511,物种相似性最高。研究结果可为季风常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段的生物多样性保护提供理论依据。 相似文献
7.
武夷山国家级自然保护区植物物种多样性研究 总被引：44，自引：0，他引：44
以植物群落调查样地资料为基础，从不同类型、不同层次的物种丰富度、多样性指数及均匀度指数对武夷山国家级自然保护区植物群落多样性进行了分析。本区植物群落多样性的变化规律为：物种丰富度、多样性指数及均匀度随该区植被演替趋势从针叶林、针阔叶混交林到常 阔叶林而增加，群落间变幅较大；植物生长型在物种丰富度、多样性指数及均匀度等多样性指数上均表现出灌木层＞乔木层的规律。毛竹林作为一种重要的植被类型，其灌木层物种多样性高于其它3种森林类型，但由于毛竹是无性繁殖，其在林分中占绝对优势，故乔木层物种多样性明显低于其它3种森林类型。 相似文献
8.
9.
卧龙自然保护区大熊猫栖息地植物群落多样性研究:丰富度、物种多样性指数和均匀度 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据64个植被样方调查资料,分析卧龙自然保护区大熊猫栖息地植物群落多样性特征.结果表明:卧龙自然保护区大熊猫栖息地不同植被类型的物种多样性指数值H'、D和均匀度指数Jsi基本表现出一致的变化趋势:常绿落叶阔叶林＞温性针阔混交林＞落叶阔叶林＞温性针叶林＞亚高山针叶林,而物种丰富度S变化为温性针叶林＞落叶阔叶林＞常绿落叶阔叶林＞亚高山针叶林＞温性针阔混交林.在不同的植物群落中,由于地形地势、坡度、土壤、水热条件等原因,其物种多样性指数不同,但其多样性测度指标除物种丰富度外均呈现出基本一致的变化趋势.随海拔的升高,大熊猫栖息地物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度变化先增加,然后下降,最后趋于平稳.坡度不是影响卧龙野生大熊猫栖息地生物多样性的关键因子.不同的坡向其物种丰富度S变化为西＞北＞东＞南,物种多样性指数H'、D呈现西＞南＞北＞东的递降格局,均匀度指数Jsi呈现南＞西＞东＞北的递降格局.在不同的群落中,物种丰富度变化表现为灌木层＞乔木层＞草本层,且42.9%群落中乔木层大于灌木层、64.3%群落中乔木层大于草本层、92.9%群落中灌木层大于草本层,落叶针叶林乔木层树种丰富度小于灌木层和草本层,但其灌木层物种丰富度大于草本层.在同一或不同生长型中,物种多样性指数和均匀度指数变化大体一致. 相似文献
10.
【目的】探讨凉水自然保护区3类森林的植物组成和林分结构特征,以期为小兴安岭保护区科学管理及经营天然次生林提供基础支撑。【方法】以存在小兴安岭核心区的凉水国家自然保护区及周边的典型针阔混交林、阔叶林和针叶林3类森林为对象,详细调查乔木层(80块30 m×30 m样地)、灌木层(160块5 m×5 m样地)和草本层(160块1 m×1 m样地)的林分结构特征(树高、胸径、枝下高、冠幅、灌高、灌木直径、灌木盖度、草本株高、乔灌草密度等),分析种类组成并计算物种丰富度指数、多样性指数(Shannon-wiener及Simpson指数)和均匀度指数(Pielou和Alatalo指数),并采用方差分析、冗余分析(RDA)探究林分间的差异。【结果】3类森林有乔木28～30种、灌木22～25种、草本78～90种,其乔、灌、草植物种类差异明显,阔叶树种以白桦最多,针叶树种以兴安落叶松最多,灌木最多的是毛榛子,草本以蚊子草和小叶芹最多;针阔混交林的丰富度指数、多样性指数总体上高于针叶林和阔叶林,而阔叶林的均匀度高于其他2个森林类型;同一森林类型的多样性指数和丰富度指数均表现为草本层乔木层灌木层; 3种森林类型中灌木层的均匀度高于其他层;从结构特征来看,树高和胸径平均为14和18 cm,树高和枝下高表现为针叶林针阔混交林阔叶林,灌木层冠幅表现为针阔混交林阔叶林针叶林,草本层每个种的平均多度与盖度表现为针叶林显著(P0.05)高于针阔混交林;冗余排序分析表明,阔叶林和针叶林的多样性特征差异主要由草本层特征解释,而针阔叶混交林则主要受乔木层结构特征影响,其中阔叶林草本植物的多度、密度和株高等可解释48.4%～62.1%的多样性差异,针叶林可解释30.5%～44.3%;针阔混交林中显著影响多样性的林分特征表现为灌木地径乔木枝下高草本株高乔木胸径,合计分析乔木层、灌木层的特征能解释多样性差异的38.8%～40.1%和27.4%～50.7%。【结论】凉水自然保护区乔木优势种以先锋树种白桦和兴安落叶松等为主,个体较小,尚需更长时间保护才能恢复为高质量森林资源;草本层的植物多样性最高,在多样性保护中需关注;植物多样性能在林分结构恢复中得以协同提升,但不同森林类型差异明显,如针阔叶混交林调控乔木枝下高和灌木密度等更有效,而针叶林和阔叶则是调控草本密度或改善草本生长环境才能更有效改善植物多样性。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
18.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
19.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):166-178
This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes. 相似文献