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1.
通过遮荫处理,研究不同透光率(100%、48.5%、22.4%)对茶花品种‘大海伦'幼苗生长及生理特性的影响.结果表明:6-8月份,随着透光率的降低,茶花株高增长量呈上升趋势,但对地径的影响不大;而继续遮荫则会抑制茶花幼苗的生长.夏季高温时期(7月10日)透光率为48.5%时,茶花的净光合速率、气孔导度、细胞内CO2浓度最高;透光率为22.4%处理下严重影响气孔导度和细胞内CO2浓度,因此光合速率也明显下降;3种处理的蒸腾速率差异不显著.长期遮荫处理后,随着透光率的降低,‘大海伦'叶片含水量上升,比叶质量显著下降;叶片中叶绿素含量增加,叶片浓绿,但叶片中的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量下降.因此,在夏季高温时期,透光率为48.5%的遮荫处理有利于茶花生长及光合作用. 相似文献
2.
为了探索适宜于钩藤幼苗生长的遮阴条件,从而为钩藤人工种植技术的构建提供理论依据,以苗龄为1 a的钩藤为材料,分别设置了轻度遮阴(透光率55%~75%)、中度遮阴(透光率25%~35%)、重度遮阴(透光率5%~15%)等处理,以全光照作为对照(CK),就不同遮阴处理对钩藤幼苗生长的影响情况进行了试验研究,并于定植90 d后测定其形态指标(株高、茎粗、叶面积、叶片数量、分枝数、比叶重)和生理生化指标(叶片光合参数、光合色素含量、含水量、可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛含量)。结果表明:轻度遮阴处理的钩藤幼苗其株高、茎粗和分枝数均极显著高于全光照、中度遮阴和重度遮阴各处理的;净光合速率、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量大小均表现为全光照轻度遮阴中度遮阴重度遮阴;叶片含水量、叶绿素总含量均随着遮阴程度的增加而增加;气孔导度表现为轻度遮阴全光照中度遮阴重度遮阴;丙二醛含量表现为轻度遮阴中度遮阴全光照重度遮阴。综合分析钩藤幼苗各项形态指标和生理生化指标的测定结果后认为,透光率为55%~75%的遮阴处理更适于钩藤幼苗的生长。 相似文献
3.
为探讨赤苍藤（Erythropalum scandens）幼苗生长和发育的最适宜光环境,以赤苍藤幼苗为试材,采用完全随机处理方式,设置100%自然光照、65%自然光照和30%自然光照3种不同光照强度,测定赤苍藤幼苗叶绿素a、叶绿素b、胞间二氧化碳浓度、净光合速率、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、丙二醛和游离脯氨酸等指标。结果表明,65%自然光照条件下,叶片中的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素a+b含量较高,叶绿素a/b显著高于100%自然光照和30%自然光照;30%自然光照条件下,叶片的净光合速率最大,蒸腾速率最低。100%自然光照条件下,胞间二氧化碳浓度和气孔导度最大。随光照强度减弱,可溶性糖含量呈增加趋势,可溶性蛋白含量呈先降后升的趋势,游离脯氨酸和丙二醛含量呈先升后降的趋势。主成分分析表明,65%自然光照是最佳处理条件。引种赤苍藤时,应给予轻度遮荫。 相似文献
4.
利用LI-6400便携式光合作用仪对10%光照和全光照下低海拔生长的猴头杜鹃Rhododendron simiarum的光合特性进行测定。光响应曲线分析结果显示,净光合速率表现为10%光照全光照,夏季在低海拔环境下猴头杜鹃适应遮荫的环境;10%光照下生长的猴头杜鹃蒸腾速率明显低于全光照下生长的猴头杜鹃,水分利用效率明显高于全光照下生长的猴头杜鹃;10%光照下生长的猴头杜鹃有利于干物质的积累;2种光照强度下的猴头杜鹃净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度日变化均表现为"单峰"型;气孔限制值与胞间CO2浓度的日变化表现为"双峰"型。 相似文献
5.
《林业科学》2016,(1)
[目的]毛棉杜鹃生长与光照和土壤排水条件密切相关,筛选出适宜的光照和排水条件,对于毛棉杜鹃的引种栽培具有重要意义。[方法]设置不同遮荫水平(0%,30%,50%,80%)和土壤排水条件(髙垄、平地),测定毛棉杜鹃枝条生长量和叶片部分生理指标,并对枝条生长量和叶片各生理指标进行相关分析。[结果]在遮荫水平50%高垄处理下,毛棉杜鹃枝条生长量最大,叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量较高,相对电导率、MDA含量、SOD活性、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量最低或较低;全光照平地栽植时,毛棉杜鹃枝条生长量最小,叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量最低,相对电导率、MDA含量、SOD活性、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量最高。总体上,随着遮荫水平的提高和土壤排水条件的增加,枝条生长量和叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量呈逐渐增加的趋势,其他各项生理指标呈逐渐减少的趋势。相关性分析结果表明,毛棉杜鹃枝条生长总体积量与叶片丙二醛含量、相对电导率、SOD活性呈极显著负相关,说明在胁迫条件下叶片这3项指标的变化与毛棉杜鹃枝条生长紧密相关,可通过这些指标判定毛棉杜鹃对其生境的适应程度。[结论]毛棉杜鹃适宜在遮荫50%、土壤排水条件好的生境中生长。 相似文献
6.
遮阳对紫斑牡丹光合特性和叶片性状特征的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究不同遮阳程度对紫斑牡丹光合特性、叶片性状特征和叶绿素含量的影响,在大田条件下,分别设置2、4、6针遮阳网对紫斑牡丹遮阳,以全光照作为对照(CK)进行研究。结果表明:用2、4、6针遮阳网遮阳,和CK相比,太阳有效辐射分别降低46.82%、60.94%、88.81%,净光合速率分别是CK的1.25、1.03、0.88倍,最大净光合速率为18.13 umol·m~(-2)s~(-1),出现在2针遮阳下,有效辐射为761.54 umol·m~(-2)s~(-1)。遮阳对紫斑牡丹气孔限制值、光能利用效率、叶厚度、比叶重和相对含水率、叶绿素a和叶绿素(a+b)含量影响差异极显著,对净光合速率、叶面积和叶绿素b含量影响差异显著,而对气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率影响差异不显著。用2针遮阳网对紫斑牡丹遮阳,和CK相比,净光合速率、气孔限制值、光能利用效率提高,气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度、蒸腾速率降低,叶片叶绿素a、b含量增加,这样可以减轻光抑制,改善光合功能,增加光合产物积累。 相似文献
7.
采用室内盆栽试验,研究不同程度水分胁迫24 d对新西伯利亚银白杨叶片光合生产力和渗透调节物质含量的影响.结果表明：水分胁迫抑制了新西伯利亚银白杨幼苗叶片的光合能力,提高了叶片细胞中可溶性蛋白质含量,并影响了叶片中可溶性糖含量.随着胁迫强度和胁迫时间的增加,叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均显著减小.叶片净光合速率与蒸腾速率和气孔导度呈极显著正相关关系,与土壤含水量呈显著正相关关系.气孔导度蒸与腾速率呈极显著正相关关系,与土壤含水量、可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关关系.蒸腾速率与可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关关系.在土壤相对含水量≥25％的条件下,净光合速率下降主要由气孔因素导致.在土壤相对含水量＜25％的条件下,净光合速率下降主要由非气孔限制导致. 相似文献
8.
以移栽的野生云锦杜鹃Rhododendron fortunei为材料,使用LI-6400便携式光合作用仪,分析10%光照和全光照下低海拔区域引种云锦杜鹃的光合日变化,结果显示10%光照下生长的云锦杜鹃蒸腾速率低于全光照下生长的云锦杜鹃,而水分利用效率高于全光照下云锦杜鹃的60.17%。两种光照下的云锦杜鹃净光合速率和蒸腾速率日变化呈现"单峰"型。全光照下净光合速率下降是非气孔限制引起的,而10%光照下则为气孔限制引起。研究说明种植在低海拔环境的云锦杜鹃喜光的特性并不因为温度高而改变,但夏季遮荫措施还是有必要的。 相似文献
9.
为探讨泽兰的耐荫性,用黑色遮荫网进行不同遮荫处理(遮光率为30%、50%、70%、90%,以全光照为对照),对不同遮荫条件下泽兰的生长形态特征、生理特征、光合特征等进行研究。结果表明,随着遮荫度的增加,泽兰的叶面积、叶绿素总量及叶绿素a/b值呈现出先增加后减小的变化趋势;与全光照相比,遮荫处理的泽兰叶片含水量、相对电导率增加,可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量减小;泽兰的净光合速率日变化在各遮荫处理下均为"单峰型";不同遮荫处理下,泽兰的叶片净光合速率与叶片气孔导度、蒸腾速率都呈正相关;随遮荫度的增加,表观量子效率(AQY)表现出先增加后减小的趋势,而叶片光补偿点(LCP)、光饱和点(LSP)和暗呼吸速率(Rd)均明显降低。由此可知,泽兰具有一定的耐荫性,在50%遮荫处理下生长较好,遮荫度过大,会抑制该植物的生长。 相似文献
10.
为探究不同生境的光照强度对刺五加(Eleutherococcus senticosus)光合及生理特性的影响,对露天种植(100％光照)、林下种植(65％光照)及棚下种植(30％光照)3种生境下的3年生刺五加植株进行光合及生理指标测定.结果表明,随光照强度增加,净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均增加,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)降低;露天种植时,Pn、Gs和Tr均最大;棚下种植时,Ci最大.随光照强度增加,各光合色素(叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b和类胡萝卜素)含量均呈先增后减的趋势,均在林下种植时最高;叶绿素a/b在露天种植时最大.随光照强度增加,可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸及MDA含量均呈先增后减的趋势,均在林下种植时最高,露天种植时次之,棚下种植时最低;可溶性蛋白含量逐渐增加.对各光合及生理指标进行隶属函数分析及综合评价,林下种植较适合刺五加植株生长. 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
17.
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献