共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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茉莉酸在巴西橡胶树伤害防卫结构形成中的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了巴西橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis)芽接树的萌条受机械伤害时外施茉莉酸（JA）对2种防卫结构创伤周皮和乳管的形成的影响。结果表明：（1）割伤幼茎树皮直至形成层或刮伤幼茎树皮去掉表皮和2-3层皮层细胞，都能在6d后看到诱导维管形成层分化出次生乳管。在伤口上施用JA或JA生物合成的前体亚麻醉（LA），能够使伤害诱导的乳管增加；而施JA生物合成的抑制剂indomethacin（IND）则产生抑制伤害诱导乳管分化的作用。（2）割伤或刮伤都能诱导形成创伤周皮，而在伤口施用JA和IND，JA可能不参与诱导创伤周皮的形成。（3）施用乙烯利和6-苄基腺嘌呤（BA）都不能引起创伤周皮形成，但BA能促进伤害诱导的创伤周皮细胞层数目增加。 相似文献
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割胶、机械伤害和外源茉莉酸对橡胶树乳管细胞防卫蛋白基因表达的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了进一步探明巴西橡胶树乳管的防卫功能,笔者采用RT-PCR和Northem-blot技术分析割胶、机械伤害和外源茉莉酸对胶乳几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和橡胶素基因表达的影响,结果表明:(1)外源茉莉酸和机械伤害均能上调几丁质酶、β-l,3-葡聚糖酶和橡胶素的基因表达,但机械伤害的效应滞后于外源茉莉酸;(2)几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和橡胶素的基因在割胶树中的表达明显强于在未开割树中的表达;(3)割胶树胶乳中内源茉莉酸含量显著高于未开割树. 相似文献
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乙烯利对橡胶树乳管伤口堵塞相关蛋白基因表达和含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
乳管伤口堵塞物的形成决定着排胶时间的长短,乙烯利刺激能显著延长排胶时间,但目前关于乙烯利刺激对乳管堵塞物的影响研究很少。以橡胶树无性系PR107为材料,利用荧光定量PCR和蛋白质Western-blot研究了乙烯利刺激对黄色体内含物相关蛋白的基因表达以及蛋白(包括黄色体和C-乳清中)的含量变化的影响,同时利用光学显微技术研究了割口表面蛋白质网形成的情况。结果表明:乙烯利刺激后PR107胶乳中HGN 1、Hevamine A及HEV 1这3个基因的相对表达量均显著性降低;黄色体中和C-乳清中对应的β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、几丁质酶以及橡胶素蛋白含量也显著性降低;而割口处割面形成的蛋白质网明显多于对照橡胶树,且随着排胶时间的延长蛋白质积累增多。 相似文献
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橡胶树乳管切割后的堵塞研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
用光学和电子显微镜技术研究了巴西橡胶树幼茎切割后乳管的堵塞。发现在切割后乳管伤口有一个由蛋白质物质组成的网，它与絮凝的橡胶粒子将乳管伤口堵塞。组成这个网的蛋白质物质主要来自黄色体的内含物，特别是微纤维。讨论了这种蛋白质网在乳管切割后堵塞中的作用。 相似文献
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巴西橡胶树树干树皮中的次生乳管是天然橡胶合成和贮存的主要组织,次生乳管列的多少与胶乳产量密切正相关。割胶是天然橡胶生产中的核心环节,是当前获得天然橡胶的唯一途径,而割胶伤害能诱导次生乳管分化。采用碘-溴染色方法和石蜡切片技术,观察预割前后1981’IRRDB野生种质成龄树的树皮结构,对不同种质预割前后黄皮层和水囊皮区域的乳管列进行统计,并分析新分化的次生乳管列。研究结果表明,选取的85份8年生野生种质在自然条件下的乳管分化能力普遍较弱,黄皮层和水囊皮中成列的次生乳管数量均较少,2个部位合计乳管列数普遍低于8列。预割后不同种质水囊皮中次生乳管列数普遍增多,但黄皮层尚无明显变化。根据伤害诱导分化新的次生乳管列数的多少,将预割诱导乳管分化的能力由低到高分为1、2、3级,分别对应于新分化乳管列数为少于2列、2~3列(含2列)、3~4列（含3列）。在85份种质中,对应1级57份、2级23份、3级5份的种质,所占比例分别为67.06%、27.06%、5.88%,可见,诱导分化次生乳管能力强的种质占比较低,大部分种质为1、2级乳管分化,3级分化能力的种质极少。被诱导新分化次生乳管的能力与种质在自然条件下的分化能力有关,尤其是高乳管分化能力的种质通常在自然条件下也有较强的分化乳管的能力。通过预割判断乳管分化能力不仅为野生种质鉴定和评价奠定基础,也为橡胶树高产育种以及早熟、晚熟品种的早期预测提供有效指标。 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects which dihydroquercetin (DHQ) has on the natural healing process of suberization and wound periderm initiation in cut seed potatoes. Dihydroquercetin is a phenolic compound extracted from the bark of Douglas Fir,Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. Anatomical studies of treated seed potato tissue showed that treatment with bark-383, the cork-rich fraction of the whole bark containing approximately 2% pure DHQ, increases the thickness of the suberized layer formed below the cut surface. Treatment with 4% bark fraction I, which is blended to that concentration with the inert carrier dust Pyrax and contains approximately the same amount of DHQ as does the bark-383, also promoted the formation of a thicker layer of suberized cells. The thickness of the wound periderm did not significantly vary as a result of the use of any treatments containing DHQ. The use of Captan (Orthocide 50W) as a cut seed treatment in these studies was found to inhibit the formation of a suberized layer and subsequently the initiation of a wound periderm. The combination of bark-383 and Orthocide 50W in a treatment mixture reversed the inhibitory affect of the Orthocide 50W alone and therefore allowed for the formation of a well suberized layer and a wound periderm. It was found that wound healing on the cut surface of seed potatoes is largely dependent on the type of tissue present at any given point on that cut surface. Therefore, the response to treatment of the stolon end, center, and blossom end tissues was related to the type of tissue which was present in each of those tuber regions. The fungal mold growth on treated seed pieces incubated in a controlled environment was adequately retarded when Orthocide 50W was combined with bark-383 in a mixture ratio of 1:9 respectively. The longer the treatment material was allowed to remain on the seed piece, the greater was the protection against mold growth afforded by the mixture. 相似文献
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巴西橡胶树乳管生物学与胶乳生产 总被引：19，自引：9，他引：10
论述了3个限制天然橡胶生产的关键因素,即割胶后排胶持续的时间、两次割胶之间胶乳的再生和乳管从维管形成层的产生。同时说明,对橡胶树自身来说,乳管可能是与机械损伤相联系的一种保护组织,而乳管的形成和功能,能够被包括乙烯和茉莉酸在内的伤害信号高度地调节。 相似文献
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In Thailand, the continuous decrease in the size of rubber plantations has led to the general adoption of intensive tapping systems which may lead to over harvesting, high rates of tapping panel dryness (TPD), short life-cycles of the plantations, and low labour productivity. In Thailand, farmers use a half-spiral downward tapping system (S/2) or a one third-spiral (S/3) with a tapping frequency of once two days (d2) or more. To increase productivity, it is difficult to reduce tapping frequencies, even with ethylene stimulation, as this would result in days without work for tappers. The purpose of this study was to characterize the behaviour of the Hevea latex yield under the double cut alternative tapping system (DCA). The aim was ensure the long-term sustainability of latex yield by increasing the time required for latex regeneration between two tappings through splitting this high tapping intensity (100% or above) into two different tapping cuts tapped alternately (S/2 d47d7(t,t). Over a period of 10 years, compared to a single cut tapping system (S/2 d2) of equivalent intensity, DCA increased cumulative rubber production by 9%. Ability of the trees to produce more latex under DCA was related to the sucrose and inorganic phosphorus contents of the latex cells in each tapping panel. DCA produced metabolic activity more favourable to yield during the first 10 years of tapping. But DCA also resulted in higher TPD rates, a sign of a metabolic dysfunction of the productive bark. DCA is a new tapping system. Further research is required to optimize the use of the DCA strategy. Such research will lead to new advances in our knowledge of the physiology of the rubber tree, mainly at the trunk scale. 相似文献
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Potato tuber tissue inoculated at cutting withFusarium spp. orErwinia carotovora and exposed to conditions favorable for infection did not heal rapidly enough to prevent decay. Seven days of wound healing at 20 C and high relative humidity prior to inoculation were necessary to provide protection againstFusarium and two days were required to protect againstErwinia. Histological examination of cut and chemically treated tuber tissue revealed that the wound healing process was only minimally affected by mancozeb, zineb-streptomycin, zineb-fir bark, captan, captan-mertect, captan-fir bark, and sodium hypochlorite. Ethylmercury p-toluene-sulfonanalide and pyrrolidine induced formation of discontinuous wound periderm after 21 days of healing. Streptomycin and captan-rhodamine had very detrimental effects on wound healing and suberin formation. In general, the seed-piece treatment chemicals tested had only minor effects on normal wound healing. It is concluded that wound healing alone may not be sufficient to controlFusarium caused seed piece decay and chemical treatment is recommended to provide protection until wound healing can occur. At least two days of wound healing are required for control of decay caused byErwinia carotovora. 相似文献
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乙烯利过度刺激采胶诱导巴西橡胶树割面干涸病的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜技术,研究了乙烯利过度刺激采胶诱导的巴西橡胶树(Heveabrasiliensis Muell.Arg.)割面干涸病的组织学和细胞学的变化.实验树为无性系RRIM600,采用S/2 d/2割制每间隔15 d涂质量分数10%乙烯利,并增加割胶深度.结果表明:1.在实施过度刺激采胶的进程中,胶乳原位凝固的乳管开始出现在树皮外层,以后逐渐向树皮内层扩展.2.病树存活乳管中的细胞器加速衰老.很多黄色体破裂或一些黄色体成为残体,髓鞘状的结构出现,橡胶粒子的数量减少,F-W粒子成为电子致密体,核膜破裂,核的内含物最后被降解.3.原位胶乳凝固是病树失去功能乳管的重要特点.4.病树形成层刚分裂的乳管具有正常的结构.5.病树整个割面树皮组织加速衰老.讨论了没有褐斑的割面干涸病与有褐斑的割面干涸病在结构和发育上的差别. 相似文献
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比较分析气刺微割技术和常规割胶技术下老龄更新胶园胶树的产量、干含、死皮、树皮消耗、劳动强度、经济效益等指标,结果显示前者比后者更加高效。并在此基础上提出几个气刺割胶技术在生产上应用的建议。 相似文献
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从巴西橡胶树无性系热研7-33-97的胶乳中克隆了1个WRKY转录因子家族成员基因,命名为HbWRKY27,该基因含有1个1 266 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),编码422个氨基酸。生物信息学分析结果表明,HbWRKY27含有1个WRKY保守结构域和1个C2H2锌指结构基序,属于II类WRKY家族成员,与大豆、油棕、麻风树、葡萄和拟南芥的WRKY27蛋白的同源性分别为81%、74%、63%、62%和58%。酵母转化试验表明,HbWRKY27具有转录激活活性。实时荧光定量RT-PCR分析显示,HbWRKY27基因在健康橡胶树树皮组织中表达量最高,但在死皮橡胶树树皮组织中的表达量随着死皮程度的增加而下降,而在死皮橡胶树胶乳中HbWRKY27基因表达量则随着死皮程度的增加而升高;割胶、乙烯利和茉莉酸甲酯刺激都可显著促进胶乳HbWRKY27基因上调表达。转录因子HbWRKY27可能在割胶和乙烯等调控橡胶树胶乳代谢中发挥重要作用,并且还可能与橡胶树死皮病的发生相关。 相似文献
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气刺微割技术是应用在巴西橡胶树采胶生产上的一项新技术,核心是乙烯气体高效刺激技术,刺激强度为每周期施用30 mL乙烯,每月3个周期,进行高部位树皮短割线采胶。连续10 a的试验结果表明,气刺微割使得割胶效率大大提高,胶乳干胶含量保持正常水平,树皮产胶解剖结构、功能正常。长流胶是气刺微割获得高产的重要保证。气刺微割是一种安全、高效和可持续的橡胶树采胶技术。 相似文献