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1.
不同盐浓度对马铃薯实生苗的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
三个不同组合的马铃薯实生种子分别播在含有０，０．２％ ，０．４％和０．６％ＮａＣｌ处理的土壤和ＭＳ培养基中，以调查ＮａＣｌ对实生种子发芽以及生长发育的影响。结果表明；随着基质中盐浓度的增加，实生种子生长受到抑制就越厉害，土壤中盐浓度达到０．４％时，幼苗的存活率仅为１４．３％－２７．８％，达到０．６％时幼苗全部死亡；ＭＳ培养基中盐分达到０．４％时，幼苗的存活率为４０％－４６．７％，应先从培养基中开始 相似文献
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不同盐浓度对马铃薯实生苗的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
三个不同组合的马铃薯实生种子分别播在含有０（ＣＫ），０．２％，０．４％和０．６％ＮａＣｌ处理的土壤和ＭＳ培养基中，以调查ＮａＣｌ对实生种子发芽以及生长发育的影响。结果表明：随着基质中盐浓度的增加，实生种子生长受到抑制就越厉害，土壤中盐浓度达到０．４％时，幼苗的存活率仅为１４．３％～２７．８％，达到０．６％时幼苗全部死亡；ＭＳ培养基中盐分达致电０．４％时，幼苗的存活率为４０％～４６．７％，达到０．６％时为１０％～２３．３％。笔者认为从实生种子中筛选抗（耐）盐品种（系）应先从培养基中开始，做初步淘汰工作，为最终的田间筛选节约大量的时间和工作． 相似文献
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胡椒矿质营养诊断指导施肥技术的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
研究结果表明：胡椒嫩叶出鞘后３０￣３５ｄ完全稳定，以带花穗、位于植株中部、阳面、短枝上的叶片作为采样叶；１ｄ中除１２：００￣１４：００外，其它时间均可采样：１ａ中以４月和１０月作为采样时间。拟定４月和１０月的营养指标，４月份适宜范围为：Ｎ２．７％￣３．１％、Ｐ０．１７％￣０．２１％、Ｋ１．６％￣２．０％、Ｃａ１．１％￣１．３％、Ｍｇ０．２３％￣０．３０％；１０月份为：Ｎ２．９％￣３．５％、Ｐ０．１ 相似文献
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硼钼配合施用对花生生长和产量的影响 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
选用广东省花生主产区的３ 种代表性土壤,采用盆栽试验,探讨硼钼施用对花生生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明：分别采用硼砂０．１％ ～０．２％ 喷施和钼酸铵０．１％ ～０．２％ 喷施,钼酸铵１～２ｇ／ｋｇ 拌种和Ｂ０．５～０．７５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ基施等施肥方式均能显著或极显著促进花生长长发育并增加产量,其增幅为４．２４％ ～４４．５７％ 。硼基施明显优于喷施,钼拌种明显优于喷施,硼钼配合施用的效果较优,其最佳组合为硼酸按Ｂ０．５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 量基施,钼酸按２ｇ／ｋｇ 拌种,并于花生苗期和花期分别用０．１％ 硼砂和０．１％ 钼酸铵喷施 相似文献
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无毒化学去雄剂PCZ在小麦上的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用无毒化学到雄剂ＰＣＺ的两种剂型ＰＣＺ－２和ＰＣＺ－４，于小麦主茎旗叶抽出１／２时以４个不同浓度叶面喷施。小麦自交结实率低于１０％、异交结实率高于５０％的深度和剂量：ＰＣＺ－２的浓度为０．５％，每有效穗用量为０．４、０．６和０．８ｍｌ以及浓度为０．６％。用量０．４ｍｌ；ＰＣＺ－４的浓度为０．５％，用量０．６ｍｌ。２品种３个施用时期的试验表明，两剂型的最佳施药时期皆为主茎旗叶抽出１／２时，不同品种 相似文献
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香草兰营养诊断方法的研究 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
通过多年多点的调查分析,初步确定高产香草兰营养诊断适宜的采样时间１０－１１月;采样部位为自茎蔓顶叶向下数第７－８片叶;香草兰营养诊断指标包括养分含量适宜范围和重要养分平衡比值。养分含量适宜范围为：Ｎ２．１５％－２．４０％,Ｐ０．４３％－０．５０％〉Ｋ２．７０％－３．２０％,Ｃａ３．６０％－４．２０％,Ｍｇ０．３５－０．７０％。重要养分平衡比值适宜范围为：Ｎ／Ｐ４．００－５．３３,Ｐ／Ｃａ０．０１８ 相似文献
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不同盐浓度对马铃薯试管苗的胁迫效应 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
用含０％、０．１％、０．２％、０．３％、０．４％五种Ｎａｃｌ浓度的修改ＭＳ培养基胁迫马铃薯脱毒试管苗的办法,鉴定马铃薯品种的抗盐性。结果表明,随着盐浓度的升高,试管苗受影响的程序加重,其试管苗株高、根长、干物质及生物产量间差异显,最后确定０．３％Ｎａｃｌ胁迫为临界浓度。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献