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1.
P. Stamp 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1988,160(3):183-190
A biochemical approach to maize breeding must be based on an exact knowledge about changes of relevant traits with ontogenetic stage. In 1983 seasonal patterns of net assimilation rate (NAR), chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, and of activities of RuBP carboxylase, PEP carboxylase and NADP malate dehydrogenase were recorded for two early maturing maize cultivars. For all traits the general trends were similar for both cultivars throughout the growing season but short term fluctuations were less synchronized after anthesis. About 75% of the maximum green leaf area was expanded within 20 days around middle of July. Specific seasonal patterns were observed for all traits. Before anthesis values were maximum for NAR in late June and in early July, for enzyme activities at the end of June and for pigment contents at the beginning of July. First decreases occurred for all traits before anthesis, further decreases were observed for PEP carboxylase in August and for chlorophyll content in September. Marked temporary declines coincided for NAR and pigment contents with a cold spell end of June and for these traits and RuBP carboxylase activity with anthesis. Evidence was scarce that any of the photosynthetic traits reflected the photosynthetic efficience of the two cultivars for a long stretch of time. 相似文献
2.
Morphological, phenological and fruit quality traits of 55 apricot cultivars, including the most important clones grown in
Spain, France and Italy, were evaluated using principal component analysis. Given that the studied material was made up of
commercial cultivars, the range of variation observed was narrower than expected. Variation was observed for traits related
to phenology and fruit quality. The only correlation observed between morphology and phenology was that of blossom and budbreak
season being correlated with internode length. Harvest season was negatively correlated with acidity and not correlated with
total soluble solids (TSS). Native cultivars from Spain and Tunisia are a good source of early ripening but they lack fruit
size and postharvest handling qualities, respectively. The most appreciated fruit quality characteristics were present in
several cultivars.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
四川盆地东南部气象因子对杂交中稻产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探明四川盆地东南部气象因子对杂交中稻产量的影响, 并提出相应的丰产技术对策。2015年和2016年, 以2个杂交中稻品种II优602和旌优127为材料, 在5个播种期和高氮低密与低氮高密2种栽培方式下, 研究了四川盆地东南部气象因子对杂交中稻产量的影响。结果表明, 随着播种期推迟, 平均全生育期从148.13 d逐渐缩短到123.25 d, 缩短了14.77%; 气象因子对水稻全生育期的影响主要在营养生长期, 生殖生长期受其影响较小。年度间、栽培方式间、品种间稻谷产量差异均不显著; 随着播种期推迟, 稻谷产量呈下降趋势, 从3月5日的8507.76 kg hm-2下降到5月24日的6251.01 kg hm-2, 降低了26.53%。播种-移栽、移栽-拔节、营养生长的日数和全生育期日数分别与穗粒数和产量呈极显著正相关。气象因子对产量的影响在不同年份和不同品种间的表现不一致: 优质稻旌优127 2015年的结实率、千粒重和产量分别与齐穗-成熟的日平均气温呈极显著正相关, 分别与拔节-齐穗的日照时数呈显著负相关; 2016年的穗粒数、产量分别与播种—移栽日最高气温、移栽—拔节的日平均气温呈极显著负相关。高产品种II优602, 2015年的有效穗、千粒重和产量分别与移栽—拔节的降雨量呈显著或极显著负相关, 2016年的穗粒数和产量分别与移栽-拔节的日最高气温呈显著或极显著负相关, 结实率、千粒重和产量分别与拔节-齐穗的日平均相对湿度呈显著正相关。生产上一季中稻模式的最佳播种期在3月5日至3月25日, 而中稻-再生稻模式则在3月5日至3月25日期间尽可能早播, 以利于提高再生稻安全齐穗保证率。 相似文献
4.
Investigations were done on six maize inbred lines of different origin and their diallel set of crosses. Seedlings grown at 14°, 22°, 30° and 38°C until three leaves stage were studied for morphological, anatomical and photosynthetic traits of leaves. These traits were screened for correlation with shoot dry weight at the six leaves stage under field conditions i) in 1981 and 1982 in North Germany, cool climate (CS); ii) 1981 in Thailand (WS). Some few seedling traits correlated well enough, dependent on temperature and location. CS shoot weights were closely correlated with dry weight of third leaves (14°) or NADP malate dehydrogenase activity (30°) (r = 0.66—0.85), whereas WS shoot weight correlated best with the depth of stomata below the epidermal surface (30°C) (r = -0.77). This shows that it is possible to predict early growth performance in the field within a group of genotypes adapted to different latitudes. 相似文献
5.
Investigations were done on six maize inbred lines of different origin and their diallel set of crosses. Seedlings grown at 14°, 22°, 30° and 38°C until three leaves stage were studied for morphological, anatomical and photosynthetic traits of leaves. These traits were screened for correlation with shoot dry weight at harvest under field conditions i) in 1981 and 1982 in North Germany, cool climate (CS); ii) 1981 in Thailand (WS). The correlation between seedling traits under controlled conditions and shoot dry weight under field conditions markedly changed after anthesis. Some few seedling traits closely correlated with biomass yield, favourably at 14° and 38°C. They mostly belonged to the morphology and anatomy of the leaves (area first leaf at 38°C, r = 0.6—0.7, all locations; depth of stomata below the epidermal surface at 38°C, r =—0.5 at CS and —0.7 at WS). In spite of significant correlations between single seedling traits and biomass yield a relyable prediction of biomass yield should best be based on a carefully chosen set of seedling traits. 相似文献
6.
黑龙港流域玉米不同生育阶段气象因子对产量性状的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
明确玉米生长发育不同阶段气象因子与产量的关系,有助于确定区域最适播期。通过调整播期来改变玉米生育期内气候条件,对于抵御阶段性不良气象因子的胁迫并最终实现高产目标有重要意义。本研究以郑单958为试验材料,于2009年至2010年在黑龙港地区中国农业大学吴桥试验站进行分期播种试验,分析产量及产量构成因素与不同阶段气象因子的关系。结果显示: (1)由于年际间气象条件的差异,产量及其构成因素并非简单地随播期变化而变化。(2)在试验设定的高密度条件下,产量提升主要受千粒重的制约,穗粒数次之。(3)产量性状与不同生育阶段的多个气象因子显著相关。穗期、抽雄吐丝阶段的光照条件对穗粒数以及产量有影响;苗期、营养生长阶段气温日较差与产量显著正相关;抽雄吐丝前后的温度条件影响穗粒数;生育期总降水量影响穗粒数和千粒重的提升。该地区在调整播种时间、改进栽培措施时,上述关系应是考虑的重点。生产中可适当早播晚收,选用适宜的中晚熟品种,既可避开生育前期及籽粒形成阶段不利气象因子的影响,又可延长籽粒灌浆时间,充分利用该地区生育后期丰富的光热资源。 相似文献
7.
This study was conducted to investigate the nature of the effects of climatic factors prevailing prior to flowering or subsequent to boll setting on flower and boll production and retention in Egyptian cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.). Two uniform field trials, using the cotton cv. Giza 75, were carried out in 1992 and 1993 at the Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt. Randomly chosen plants were used to record daily numbers of flowers and bolls during the production stage (68 days in the first season and 62 days in the second season). The daily records of the climatic factors (air temperature, temperature magnitude, evaporation, surface soil temperature, sunshine duration and humidity) were recorded during the entire period of production and the 15 days preceding or succeeding flower opening. The effects of climatic factors on flower and boll production were quantified in non‐limiting management techniques. Relationships in the form of simple and multiple correlations were computed between climatic factors and flower and boll production and retention. The data indicate that evaporation, minimum humidity and sunshine duration were the most effective climatic factors during preceding and succeeding periods on fruit production and retention. The relationship between climatic factors preceding flowering and cotton production generally exceeded the relationship between the factors during the entire and latter periods of production stage. The result was a negative correlation between either evaporation or sunshine duration with flower and boll formation. In addition, a positive correlation was evident between minimum humidity and flower and boll production. The data indicate that low evaporation rate, reduced sunshine duration and high humidity would enhance flower and boll formation. Accordingly, the deleterious effects of climatic factors on cotton production could be minimized through applying appropriate production practices, which would control and adjust the impact of these factors, and this could lead to an important improvement in cotton yield in Egypt. 相似文献
8.
超级稻叶片光合特性和根系生理性状与产量的关系 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
为阐明超级稻产量形成机理, 以4个超级稻品种[两优培九和II优084 (杂交籼稻)、淮稻9号和武粳15 (粳稻)]为材料, 2个高产品种[汕优63 (杂交籼稻)和扬辐粳8号(粳稻)]为对照, 观测了不同生育时期叶片光合性状和根系生理性状的变化特点。结果表明, 4个超级稻品种的平均总颖花量和产量较两个对照品种分别高出43.5%和16.1%, 但超级稻的结实率较对照品种低15.3个百分点。超级稻品种在生育前期叶片中叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、总叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和根系中单位干重根系活力、每株根系活力、总根系吸收面积、活跃吸收面积和比表面积均高于对照品种, 而在生育后期以上性状下降速率大于各自对照品种, 直至齐穗后20 d前以上性状指标均小于各自对照品种。说明超级稻强大的产量库容与其生育前中期较强的叶片光合能力和较好的根系生理性状密切相关, 生育后期叶片光合能力和根系生理活性下降快导致其结实率下降, 从而限制了其产量潜力的发挥。提高生育后期特别是结实后期根系生理活性是进一步提高超级稻产量的重要途径。 相似文献
9.
安徽省花生产量与气象因素的关联度分析及预测模型研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为分析气象因子对安徽花生产量的影响,构建适用于本地的花生单位产量预测模型,以期为探讨花生经济效益、应对气象灾害风险管理提供参考。对安徽各市2000—2017年花生气象产量和气象因子进行灰色关联度分析,筛选出关联度较大的气象因子,并采用逐步回归法建立产量预测模型。结果表明：安徽花生产量与生育期气象因子关联度5月份平均气温>7月份光照时数>5月份光照时数>6月份光照时数>7月份平均气温>8月份光照时数>8月份平均气温>6月份平均气温>8月份降水量>7月份降水量>5月份降水量>6月份降水量,应用建立的花生单位产量预测模型对历年产量进行回测,结果显示预测值与实际值均方根误差为815 kg/hm2、拟合指数为0.81,总体较好,具有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
10.
丽水市夏季高温干旱的气候变化特征和相关分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
利用1953—2013年丽水市国家气象观测站夏季（6—8月）逐日气温、降水观测资料,根据高温、干旱划分标准,统计丽水高温干旱的发生发展情况,并采用多尺度趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检验和相关分析等方法从年、月角度分析夏季高温干旱的气候变化特征、突变转折情况,以及两者的相关性。结果表明：夏季高温日数和高温强度成正比关系,即高温持续时间越长,气温越高,且以21世纪初的高温最为明显,其中7月是高温最显著的月份。夏季干旱主要以轻、中旱为主,且在20世纪60—90年代初干旱最为突出,其中6月干旱发生概率最低,7月干旱强度最大,8月干旱概率最高。高温和降水都在2003年左右发生突变,且两者呈显著负相关,其中在7月两者对夏季高温干旱的影响最大。 相似文献
11.
江苏不同熟期粳稻品种的齐穗期和安全播期预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确当前江苏各地不同熟期粳稻品种的安全播期,以江苏的4个熟期类型的5个常规粳稻品种为材料,在江苏连云港(34°83′N)、淮安(33°34′N)、扬州(32°25′N)和苏州(31°18′N)等4地,进行自5月10日起每10天1期,共8个播期的播种试验,得出各播期的相应齐穗期。以齐穗期温光预测模型y=a＋b1x1＋b2x2拟合其实得的播期与齐穗期资料。用该模型拟合4个试验点、5个供试品种计20组数据,得出20个预测式,其拟合度R2在0.9927~0.9998之间,均达极显著水平。用各试点所在地近25年各年粳稻品种安全齐穗期及逐日平均温度,依齐穗期光温模型预测式经多次迭代推得各年的安全播期,进而求得90%保证率的安全播期并作各地生产应用分析。在江苏淮北的北部,麦稻两熟田水稻的可播栽始期为6月15日,中熟中粳的安全播期为6月21日,此类品种可用于该地直播;其他各熟期类型品种安全播期均早于当地可播栽始期,故不能用于直播。在淮北南部稻麦两熟田的可播栽始期为6月12日左右,中熟中粳和迟熟中粳的安全播期分别在7月4日和6月22日,此两类品种可用于该地麦茬直播;早熟晚粳安全播期在6月17日、18日,在大面积生产中因接茬时间过紧应慎用于麦茬直播;中熟晚粳的安全播期为6月8日,不可用于直播。在苏中南部,水稻可播栽始期为6月8至11日,中熟中粳、迟熟中粳、早熟晚粳类型两品种的安全播期分别在7月12日、3日、6月25日和28日,可用于该地直播;中熟晚粳的安全播期为6月11日,用于直播接茬时间太紧,不可应用。在苏南,水稻的可播栽始期为6月5日,供试4熟期类型品种的安全播期分别为7月18日、13日、9日至10日和7月3日,仅考虑安全齐穗各熟期类型品种均可用于麦茬直播,但因中粳类型品种直播稻生育期过短、产量不高,不宜应用。 相似文献
12.
Effect of Simulating Drought in Various Phenophases on the Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat 
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下载免费PDF全文 B. Varga G. Vida E. Varga‐László S. Bencze O. Veisz 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2015,201(1):1-9
In Central Europe, drought is the most important limiting factor for autumn‐sown cereals. Due to the decline in groundwater, it is a priority to use less water‐demanding forms of crop production. Water use efficiency (WUE) can only be increased if cultivars with satisfactory water management traits are grown, so that they can exploit the water reserves of the soil even if drought occurs during the vegetation. Water consumption and water use efficiency of winter wheat genotypes were investigated in a model experiment carried out in a climate‐controlled glasshouse. The plants were grown either with optimum water supplies or with simulated drought in three phenophases, and measurements were made on the yield parameters, phenological traits and water use parameters of the plants. Substantial differences were observed between the water demands of the cultivars, and it was found that the later the phenophase in which drought was simulated, the greater the decline in water uptake. The analysis of WUE led to the conclusion that the WUE values of cultivars with short vegetation periods dropped to the greatest extent when water deficit was suffered at first node appearance, while cultivars with longer vegetation periods were more sensitive to drought during the heading and grain‐filling stages. 相似文献
13.
以4个芝麻品种为试验材料,用便携式光合作用测量仪测定田间主要光合特性参数,同时期取样测定叶绿素含量,研究优良芝麻品种从初花期到终花期的主要光合生理指标及叶绿素含量的变化规律。结果表明:4个芝麻品种光合生理特性表现基本一致,但是不同品种在不同阶段表现的高低不同。各品种净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、水分利用率(WUE)变化曲线一致,呈倒双峰曲线,蒸腾速率(Tr)呈单峰曲线;净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)整个花期呈下降趋势。叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b含量变化均呈先升后降趋势,不同品种高含量值出现的早晚有差异,但都出现在盛花期。芝麻单株重与净光合速率、叶绿素a、叶绿素b呈正相关,光合速率与叶绿素a、叶绿素b呈正相关。 相似文献
14.
重要胡麻栽培品种的抗旱性综合评价及指标筛选 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
以15份国内胡麻栽培品种为材料, 设自然降雨和正常灌水2个处理, 考察与抗旱性相关的7个农艺性状、8个生理生化指标及产量指标, 采用综合抗旱系数、因子分析、隶属函数、聚类分析和灰色关联度分析相结合的方法, 对其抗旱性进行综合评价、抗旱型划分和评价指标筛选。结果显示, 相关性状指标对干旱胁迫的反应及关联程度各异, 可优先选择与抗旱性关系密切的产量及其相关性状、光合作用因子、叶片抗氧化因子等相关生理生化性状;因子分析表明, 6个公因子可代表胡麻抗旱性90.89%的原始数据信息量。基于抗旱性度量值(drought resistance comprehensive evaluation values, D值)和加权抗旱系数(weight drought resistance coefficient, WDC值)的各品种抗旱性排序相近, 位居前6位的抗旱品种相同。各品种D值与综合抗旱系数(comprehensive drought resistance coefficient, CDC值)、WDC值、产量抗旱系数(yield drought resistance coefficient, Y值)之间均呈极显著正相关, 而各品种Y值与CDC、WDC值间极显著正相关;据D值将供试品种划分为5个抗旱级别, 可较好地反映品种的选育条件及适应地区。试验结果说明以D值为主要参数, 以WDC为辅助评价参数, 评价以产量为主要考量目标的胡麻抗旱性是适宜且准确的;以抗旱性综合评价方法进行胡麻抗旱性综合评价、抗旱型划分、评价指标筛选是准确的。 相似文献
15.
光温因子对不同播期芝麻主要性状的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究不同播期芝麻主要性状受光温因子影响的变化规律,以确定芝麻的适宜播期。试验选用3 个芝麻品种,11 个播种时期。结果表明：光温因子对不同播期芝麻主要性状具有显著的影响;6 月份前和8月份后播种的芝麻生育期较长;芝麻株高、始蒴高度和单株产量表现为先升后降趋势,其中第3播期单株产量最高;蒴节数、每蒴粒数和千粒重呈不断下降趋势;出苗至现蕾期积温与单株蒴数呈负相关;现蕾至初花期积温与单株蒴数呈显著正相关;初花至盛花期积温与蒴节数、每蒴粒数、小区产量和单株产量呈负相关;盛花至终花期积温与芝麻主要性状均呈极显著正相关;终花至成熟期积温与株高、始蒴高度、千粒重呈显著负相关,与单株蒴数呈极显著负相关。芝麻适时播种其相关性状才能达到最佳值。南昌地区芝麻适时播种期为5月下旬至7 月中旬。 相似文献
16.
几个柑桔品种叶片光合特性比较研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以4个不同柑桔品种(奈92-1脐橙、沙糖桔、沙田柚和贡柑)为试材,对其田间条件下叶片光合特性进行比较研究。结果表明：1)奈92-1脐橙、贡柑叶片的净光合速率（Pn）日变化表现为“单峰”型曲线,峰值均在早上10：00左右时出现,而沙糖桔、沙田柚则为典型的“双峰”型曲线,且首峰均在早上8：00左右时出现,次峰分别在12：00时和14：00左右时出现;4个柑桔品种的Pn最高值以沙田柚最高,高低顺序为沙田柚>贡柑>奈92-1脐橙>沙糖桔,除沙糖桔无光合“午休”外,其余品种均有明显的“午休”现象。2)叶绿素含量与Pn呈正相关趋势,花青苷则为负相关,而类胡萝卜素与Pn之间相关性不明显。 相似文献
17.
利用奉贤1981—2019年逐旬气温、降水、湿度、日照等气象观测资料及1982—2019年黄桃产量数据,分析了黄桃产量的变化趋势及对气象因子的响应,并通过采用单要素指标及相关分析法着重分析2003—2019年黄桃全生育期各气象因子对产量的影响,构建了奉贤黄桃产量的气象预测模型。结果表明：黄桃产量以2003年为界,由波动上升转为上下波动,2003—2019年产量变异系数为22.9%。黄桃果实膨大—成熟期气象因子与产量的相关性较大,其次为花芽分化期、萌动—开花坐果期,落叶—休眠期较小。膨大成熟期气温（日照）在4—6月与产量呈正相关,而在7—8月为负相关,降水（湿度）影响与气温基本相反,其中7月下旬的最低气温、降水量、降水日数、日照均与产量呈显著相关;花芽分化期气温除7月下旬—8月上旬、9月上旬外均与产量呈正相关,且上年10℃终日及10、20℃有效积温与产量均呈显著正相关。花芽分化期各旬降水量（降水日数）与产量的相关性波动大;落叶—休眠期的干旱及暖冬带来的蓄冷量不足可能对产量有一定影响。建立的基于气象因子的黄桃产量最小二乘偏回归方程拟合效果较好,可为黄桃生产及管理部门提供决策服务。 相似文献
18.
溪畔杜鹃光合特性及其与环境因子关系研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过研究溪畔杜鹃光合特性,为溪畔杜鹃园林应用和遗传资源保护提供理论依据。运用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定系统对自然条件下溪畔杜鹃的光合作用日变化进行了研究。结果表明：溪畔杜鹃的净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)的日变化均为典型的“双峰”曲线,峰值和低谷出现的时间一致,峰值约出现在11:00和15:00,约13:00处于“低谷”。溪畔杜鹃叶片净光合速率(Pn)与气孔导度(Gs)呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)。因此,从光合特性角度考察,该物种适宜在湖南省及长江中下游地区推广种植。 相似文献
19.
Miroslav Zorić Sreten Terzić Vladimir Sikora Milka Brdar-Jokanović Dimitar Vassilev 《Euphytica》2017,213(1):23
Tuber yield, together with tuber number and size are the basic agronomic and breeding traits in Jerusalem artichoke and can be significantly affected by environmental factors. We report the results of a long term trial on the performance of 20 Jerusalem artichoke cultivars. The random model for means with restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedure was used to estimate the overall effects of the genotype, environment and genotype by environment interaction on traits. The partial least square regression (PLSR) model was used for modeling genotype by environment interaction variance components with a set of available correlated environmental variables. The REML variance component estimates model revealed that tuber number and yield are more dependent on GE interaction which allowed identification of best genotypes for specific environments. The PLSR model revealed that the most important climatic variables for optimal emergence, canopy development, high tuber number and yield are adequate soil and air temperatures in April. For larger tuber mass, precipitation variables and even distribution of rainfall were the most important factor, together with soil and air temperature in June when tuber growth is initiated. The knowledge obtained in this study is valuable for the identification and understanding of key environmental factors that contribute to the performance of Jerusalem artichoke. 相似文献
20.
为了认识云的辐射反馈对气候变化研究的影响,利用河西走廊东部5个气象站1961—2013年总云量和低云量及其他气候资料,运用气候诊断分析方法,分析了河西走廊东部云量的时空分布及与气候因子的关系。结果表明:总云量和低云量自东北向西南递增。年、年代总云量和低云量均呈增多趋势,总云量、低云量的时间序列分别为5~7、5~6年的准周期,突变年份分别在1997、1987年。各季节总云量和低云量呈增多趋势,总云量的高峰在4—6月和9月,低谷在12月;低云量的高峰在7月,低谷在12月到次年1月。总云量和低云量与平均气温、降水呈显著正相关,与气温日较差、平均风速呈显著负相关。 相似文献