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1.
玉米花丝的衰老和受精力ＰａｏｌｅＢａｓｓｅｔｔ１等已有研究指出，玉米抽丝后延迟授粉会使结实率下降。因基因型而异，玉米花的功能在抽丝后的４～１０天期间明显丧失。Ｂａｓｓｅｔｔｉ等（１９９３）发现抽出的花丝因为衰老作用其寿命是有限的。在衰老过程中，花丝基... 相似文献
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利用中单909（ZD909）与安农591（AN591）两个夏玉米主栽品种,调查雌穗基、中、顶部花丝伸长动态与叶片和穗轴关系特征。结果表明,雌穗基、中部花丝比顶部花丝先发育、先吐丝、先脱落。当有效积温达到900℃·d时,基、中部花丝开始发育,穗轴发育到最终长度的10%;当有效积温达到1 000℃·d时,基、中部花丝发育到最终长度的70%、60%并开始吐丝,穗轴发育到最终长度的50%左右,吐丝期前后花丝发育长度占总长度的65%以上,是决定花丝伸出苞叶的关键时期;当有效积温达到1 100℃·d时,花丝发育完全并脱落,穗轴发育到最终长度的80%以上。ZD909和AN591两个品种上述关系表现出了一致性。随后运用Logistic模型对花丝与穗轴动态伸长进行拟合,量化了花丝和穗轴发育进程。本文精确描述了花丝与穗轴伸长特征,该研究结果可以应用到对花丝与穗轴伸长发育的模拟上。 相似文献
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层出镰刀菌(Fusarium proliferatum)分生孢子喷洒在玉米花丝上,可侵入玉米柱头的茸毛细胞、表皮细胞以及花丝的表皮细胞,菌丝沿花丝的薄壁组织细胞、维管束细胞向子房方向生长。F.proliferatum侵染花丝后,导致花丝薄壁细胞、表皮细胞皱缩,花丝萎缩变形。结果显示,F.proliferatum可直接侵染玉米花丝,借助花丝通道侵入玉米雌穗,花丝通道是F.proliferatum侵染玉米雌穗的途径之一。 相似文献
4.
朱砂根僵化苗的解剖学研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用石蜡切片方法对朱砂根(Ardisia crenata Sims)一年生僵化幼苗的根、茎、叶的阶段发育过程和形态结构进行了研究,对照为同龄正常苗。结果表明,僵化苗根茎叶的发育过程及形态结构类似一般双子叶植物,其初生结构的分化与次生结构的生长基本按照各个阶段的先后顺序发生,也不改变正常组织的排列。但在生长和发育中一些内部组织的组成和比重发生了改变。轴器官中薄壁组织的比例扩大,产生以营养组织为主导的组织结构;维管组织的发育弱化,输导功能被削弱。在茎尖顶端分生组织丧失分生能力分化成熟后,基部的后育腋芽外起源发生,形成表皮、腺囊腔、分生组织和薄壁细胞组成的苞状体,不能分化出其它成熟组织,是形态结构上的无效芽。 相似文献
5.
夏玉米花丝生长发育动态的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以不同穗型的玉米品种为材料,对玉米花丝生长发育动态进行研究.结果表明,花丝的发生首先开始于果穗中下部,其次是基部和中部,顶部花丝出现最晚;花丝出现集中在开始出现后的最初两天.吐丝后第三天生长速率最大.中下部花丝最先抽出苞叶,其次是基部和中部,顶部最晚.前两天的吐丝总量超过50%,尤以第二天吐丝百分率最高.衰亡过程也开始于中下部,基部和中部其次,顶部最晚;每一根花丝从基部开始衰亡,然后向顶部逐渐推移.果穗短粗型的品种花丝发育比较集中、吐丝较快;果穗细长型的品种花丝发育较缓慢,吐丝期延长,发育较晚的顶部花丝不易吐出苞叶。 相似文献
6.
《热带作物学报》2021,(7)
木本植物维管组织发育对木材形成意义重大。本研究利用石蜡切片法和光学显微技术,研究菠萝蜜(Artocarpus heterophyllus)叶绿素缺失突变体(chlorophyll deficient mutant,CDM)幼苗不同部位的维管组织结构,观察及测量导管分子、筛管分子的孔径和密度等,分析了维管组织和形成层的特点。结果表明,CDM幼苗的根、茎、叶柄和叶主脉维管组织中的木质部和韧皮部的结构均发生改变。与正常苗相比,CDM幼苗中次生木质部导管分子和韧皮部筛管分子的孔径和面积减小,密度增大;根和茎维管组织中形成层厚度减小,层数减少;CDM茎中的维管组织相比于根显示出更强的抑制作用。本研究为进一步探索木本植物维管组织发育提供了新材料。 相似文献
7.
巴西橡胶树剥皮再生及乳管发生的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用光学显微镜技术研究了巴西橡胶树剥皮再生过程中的组织分化和乳管发生。研究结果表明：（１）巴西橡胶树茎干小面积剥皮后,新皮再生经过愈伤组织形成和维管形成层发生２个阶段。愈伤组织由靠近伤口表面未成熟的木薄壁组织细胞和木射线细胞分裂产生,维管形成层在愈伤组织内层发生,且是一个渐进的过程。（２）愈伤组织细胞不能分化形成乳管细胞,新生皮中最初形成的乳管组织从新形成的维管形成层细胞分裂产生,成列分布,并具有不 相似文献
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9.
不同日龄玉米花丝授粉对产量相关性状的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以浚单29、浚单3136和浚单509为试材,通过对不同日龄花丝人工授粉,收获后统计3个玉米品种的穗长、穗粗、秃尖长、百粒重、穗粒数和穗粒重。结果表明,随着授粉花丝日龄的增大,穗粗和百粒重呈下降趋势;穗长先增加后水平波动,最后快速下降;秃尖长在第1天授粉处理最长,第4天授粉处理降到低谷;穗粒数和穗粒重变化相似,先上升,第4天授粉处理达到峰值后缓慢下降,第10天以后授粉处理下降较快。对各性状的相关系数分析后发现,穗粒数与穗粒重相关性最大。以自然授粉为参照,3个玉米品种在吐丝后的第4天授粉处理花丝活力最高,吐丝后第6天左右授粉处理花丝活力仍与对照相当。花丝日龄影响穗行数,授粉花丝日龄越小穗行数越多。 相似文献
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11.
以不同类型的 6个玉米自交系昌 7-2、 S122、 PH4CV、 M54、 12H21、 CL85为材料,测定其花丝伸长速率、花丝逐日吐出数目、不同日龄花丝授粉后的结实率及穗粒数和百粒重、完全吐丝授粉后花粉管通道的形成时间。结果表明,昌 7-2、 S122、 PH4CV、 M54、 CL85花丝伸长速率峰值出现在吐丝后第 2天, 12H21出现在第 3天,昌 7-2、 M54花丝伸长速率较快,S122花丝持续伸长过程最短。不同自交系吐丝数量呈先升高后降低趋势,日吐丝数量最大值出现在吐丝后第 2～3天。昌 7-2、 PH4CV、 M54、 12H21、 CL85花丝授粉结实持续日数最长, S122结实持续日数最短,PH4CV第 2天结实率达到峰值。吐丝后第 1～2天授粉百粒重较高但差异不明显。昌 7-2、 S122、 PH4CV、 M54、12H21、 CL85花丝授粉后 2 h剪去其花粉管通道均未打通,结实子粒数均为 0,花丝授粉后从 4 h剪去开始结实,直至8 h剪去花丝其结实子粒数处于升高阶段, 10 h之后结实子粒数趋于平缓。 相似文献
12.
Akira Fukushima Takami Hayashi Hisatoshi Ohta Ryota Kaji Narifumi Yokogami Naoto Tsuda 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(1):149-155
This study was conducted to clarify the relationship between the number of pollen grains per anther and spikelet fertility under low temperature conditions in the rice cultivars and lines including lines with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for cold tolerance, adapted to the Tohoku region of northern Japan. Cold-water treatment decreased anther length, the number of pollen grains per anther, and spikelet fertility in all cultivars and lines. The number of pollen grains was proportional to anther length in all cultivars and lines and under all temperatures. Spikelet fertility decreased with decreasing the number of pollen grains in cold-water treatments at 18.5 and 19.3?°C. ‘Ouu 415’, with the qLTB3 QTL for cold tolerance, had 28% more pollen grains and 9% higher spikelet fertility than the recurrent parent, ‘Hitomebore’, in the 18.5?°C cold-water treatment, suggesting that qLTB3 increased both parameters. Lines with the qCTB8 QTL for cold tolerance had significantly more pollen grains in two of the three years and significantly higher spikelet fertility in all three years in the 19.3?°C cold-water treatment, suggesting that qCTB8 reinforced cold tolerance. Ctb1, a proposed cold-tolerance QTL, had no effect on the number of pollen grains or spikelet fertility. In conclusion, the cultivars and lines with more pollen grains had a higher cold tolerance. Some of QTLs were inferred to increase the number of pollen grains and reinforce cold tolerance. 相似文献
13.
用扫描电镜观察了甘蓝型油菜与诸葛菜属间杂交过程中花粉粒与柱头间的认识反应，结果表明，正反交的花粉与柱头间认识反应是完全不同的．油菜柱头接受诸葛菜花粉后，个别提前萌发的花粉管能进入柱头，但当花粉大量萌发后，花粉管则不能进入柱头，在柱头表面出现爬行、扭曲、肿胀、产生分枝等不亲和现象．诸葛菜柱头接受油菜花粉后，多数花粉不能萌发，少数花粉管一旦萌发，即能顺利进入柱头。 相似文献
14.
《Field Crops Research》1995,40(2):87-94
Maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield is particularly sensitive to water deficits that coincide with the tasseling-silking period, causing marked reductions in grain number. More knowledge about crop responses to water supply is required, however, to explain the causes of kernel number reductions under the mild stresses characteristic of humid regions. The objectives of this study were to: (i) quantify crop evapotranspiration, Ec, and its relationship with shoot biomass production, grain yield, and kernel number; and (ii) determine the impact on final kernel number of supplying fresh pollen to silks whose appearance is delayed by water deficits at silking. Field experiments were conducted at Balcarce (37°45′S, 130 m) during 1988/89 and 1989/90 with two sowing dates (6 weeks apart) to provide differences in evaporative demand. Plastic covers were placed on the ground of water-deficit plots to generate a 40-day period of lowered water supply bracketing silking. Control plots received rain plus additional furrow irrigation in order to keep the ratio between crop (c) and potential (Ep) Penman evapotranspiration greater than 0.9. Plant water status indicators revealed differences between treatments, but failed to reflect soil water status. Water deficit reduced plant height, maximum leaf area index, and shoot biomass. Shoot biomass accumulation was correlated with Ec, but higher water-use efficiencies (WUE) were found for the water-stress treatments. Grain yield was correlated to kernels m−2 (r = 0.88; 6 d.f.), and both grain yield and kernels m−2 were related to Ec during the treatment period, resulting in reductions of 4.7 grains m−2 and 17.7 kg ha−1 for each mm reduction in Ec. The number of kernels per ear did not improve when fresh pollen was applied to late appearing silks, suggesting that ovaries which failed to expose their silks synchronously with pollen shedding were deleteriously affected by water stress. 相似文献
15.
Previous studies have examined the rate of viability loss in pollen grains based on surface conditions but some pollen grains are lifted throughout the atmospheric boundary layer to heights where temperature and moisture differ markedly from near the surface. This transport may affect pollen viability in maize pollen which has been linked to its moisture content. The objective of this study was to examine how predictions of pollen viability may differ when considering the effects of boundary layer transport rather than only considering the conditions at the pollen source. We used Large-Eddy Simulation to simulate pollen dispersion and predict pollen viability upon deposition. We compared the predicted viability that was diagnosed using the atmospheric conditions at the pollen source when a pollen grain was released to viability diagnosed using the atmospheric conditions following the pollen grain's trajectory as it moved through the atmospheric boundary layer. Using surface values provided a reasonable prediction of viability for pollen grains that traveled less than a kilometer from the source field, but underpredicted pollen viability by as much as 20% for pollen that traveled several kilometers. The difference is attributed to the tendency for longer range transport to require lofting of pollen grains into the upper part of the atmospheric boundary layer, where cooler temperature and higher relative humidity are conducive to increased viability. Our results suggest that pollen grains traveling many kilometers are more likely to pollinate a receptive silk than would be expected based on the atmospheric conditions at the pollen source. 相似文献
16.
大、小麦对镉的吸收、运输及在籽粒中的积累 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：22
大、小麦是全球最重要的粮食作物 ,生产镉低积累量的大、小麦对人们的健康至关重要 ,因为镉易被大、小麦吸收并在其体内积累。大、小麦籽粒中镉的含量与众多因素有关。根部特性是决定植株吸收镉的关键所在 ,根部特性主要决定于品种特性。根系细胞壁对镉的固定、液泡对镉的钝化、木质部液中镉的向外运输以及镉在穗部韧皮部中再运输共同决定籽粒中镉的含量。本文阐述了镉在植物体内的吸收、运输以及在籽粒中的积累规律 ,并讨论了降低大、小麦籽粒中镉积累的育种与栽培途径 相似文献
17.
采用农杆菌介导法获得转Cry1A.401基因抗虫玉米CM8302和CM8303,通过多代回交与自交获得BC4F1、BC4F2和BC4F3世代的转基因玉米材料。利用qRT-PCR和ELISA方法明确转基因抗虫玉米叶片、花丝和子粒均有Cry1A.401基因表达,不同世代间目的基因表达量无显著差异。田间接虫鉴定结果表明,CM8302和CM8303三个世代心叶期和吐丝期的抗性等级均为1级,抗性水平为高抗。室内生测结果表明,亚洲玉米螟幼虫取食CM8302心叶、花丝和子粒第6天存活率分别为0、4.0%和4.0%;取食CM8303心叶、花丝和子粒第6天存活率分别为0、4.0%和2.0%。分析显示转基因抗虫玉米CM8302和CM8303的心叶、花丝和子粒均具有显著杀虫效果且遗传稳定。 相似文献
18.
以野生大豆YD63和栽培大豆ZD19为研究对象,通过组织化学方法观察茎秆解剖结构的差异,并进一步分析和阐述这些解剖结构与功能和环境适应性间的关系,旨在为大豆抗逆性研究提供解剖学依据。结果表明：1）野生大豆表皮毛和腺毛多于栽培大豆,且角质层厚度、表皮厚度和表皮比例均大于栽培大豆,表皮和外皮层细胞的木质化和木栓化程度也高于栽培大豆;2）野生大豆皮层、韧皮部、木薄壁组织和髓的比例均大于栽培大豆,茎秆机械强度降低,可塑性升高,抗逆性增强;3）栽培大豆木质部、木纤维和总纤维比例均大于野生大豆,并且表皮细胞壁厚度、韧皮纤维壁厚度、木纤维壁和导管壁厚度均大于野生大豆。栽培大豆组织木质化的比例大于野生大豆,茎秆的机械强度升高,可以更好地维持直立生长和形态构建;4）栽培大豆微管形成层的细胞层数和厚度均大于野生大豆。栽培大豆木质部的比例大于韧皮部的比例,而野生大豆两者比例基本相同;5.）野生大豆韧皮部厚壁组织几乎是连续分布,仅在髓射线处中断,而栽培大豆是不连续的,呈片状分布,野生大豆韧皮部厚壁组织的比例大于栽培大豆;6）野生大豆导管壁强度(t/b)2和小导管比例大于栽培大豆,水分运输的安全性较高,但野生大豆木质部的连通性和水分运输的效率低于栽培大豆。本研究较系统地比较了野生大豆YD63和栽培大豆ZD19茎秆解剖结构特点,可为大豆抗性遗传改良提供解剖学依据。 相似文献
19.
芝麻花粉附着、萌发与花粉管伸长过程研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以中芝14号为试验材料,采用荧光显微镜和石蜡切片法研究芝麻花粉在柱头上附着、萌发、伸长及在花柱内生长全过程.于授粉后不同时间段连续取样固定,并进行显微观察和数据统计.结果表明,在芝麻柱头上,授粉后5min基本无花粉萌发,10min有极少量花粉萌发,30min大量花粉开始萌发,并长出花粉管.花粉管具明显的绿色荧光,进入羽毛状柱头后继续生长于花柱基部至子房顶部的引导组织内.授粉后2h,生长最快的花粉管已经到达花柱基部,花粉管的平均生长速度约为3.0mm/h.授粉后4h,大量花粉管进入子房.即使在授粉后24h,仍有部分花粉在萌发和生长中. 相似文献
20.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):90-93
SummaryThe objectives of this study are to compare the floret sterility induced by a high temperature given in the daytime during the flowering period among nine japonica rice varieties, and to clarify the mechanism of the high-temperature-induced sterility. Nine japonica rice varieties were subjected to 35.0, 37.5 or 40.0°C day- temperature conditions (1000-1600) for six consecutive days using sun-lit phytotrons, and the percentage of fertility, pollination and germinated pollen grains on the stigmas were examined. The temperature that caused 50% sterility varied with the variety, and a difference of approximately 3.0°C was observed between the most tolerant and susceptible varieties. Under the 37.5°C day-temperature condition, the percentage of florets with 10 or more germinated pollen grains was roughly coincident with the percent fertility, but under the 40° C day-temperature condition, it was higher than the percent fertility. Many of the florets with less than 10 germinated pollen grains had less than 20 total pollen grains on their stigmas under both temperature conditions. From these results, we concluded that sure pollination under high-temperature conditions is an important factor and that the high-temperature tolerance of the processes following pollen germination is also required for fertility under excessively high temperature conditions. 相似文献