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1.
Male Esterase 6 Catalyzes the Synthesis of a Sex Pheromone in Drosophila melanogaster Females 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Esterase 6, a component of the seminal fluid of Drosophila melanogaster males, hydrolyzes cis-vaccenyl acetate, a lipid made only by males, to cis-vaccenyl alcohol. This reaction occurs in the female reproductive tract and is virtually complete within 6 hours after copulation. Both the alcohol and the acetate decrease the number of matings among pairs of virgin flies in which the female is treated topically with these substances. Although females tested 10 minutes after copulation elicit less courtship than virgin females, females tested 6 hours after copulation stimulate even less courtship if they received active esterase 6 in the seminal fluid of their respective mates. Either the alcohol or a derivative appears to be an antiaphrodisiac that decreases courtship elicited by inseminated females and thus reduces the probability of further mating. Thus the activity of the pheromone depends on a final reaction which occurs in the female, using both substrate and enzyme provided by the male. 相似文献
2.
"Copulation-reward site" in the posterior hypothalamus 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Posterior hypothalamic selfstimulation of male rats, in which monopolar,platinum electrodes had been belaterally implanted, increased after systdmic injection of testosterone. constant stimulation to the same site elicited immediate copulation with estrous female rats. During constant stimulation males would press a bar to open a door for access to females. Even after ejaculation, males continued to open the door and to display sexual activity until stimulation terminated. Posterior hypothalamic stimulation is like normal sexual stimulation; it is rewarding, the reward varies with the amount of the sex hormone, and it elicits motivated copulation. 相似文献
3.
Thornhill R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1979,205(4404):412-414
This study provides a clear example of female-mimicking behavior by males in insects and evaluates quantitatively the adaptive significance of this behavior, which is poorly understood in many other organisms. Males of Hylobittacus apicalis provide females with a prey arthropod during copulation. Some males mimic female behavior when interacting with males that have captured nuptial prey, resulting in males stealing prey which they will use for copulation. Males that pirate prey copulate more frequently and probably incur fewer predation-related risks. 相似文献
4.
为研究红脂大小蠹(Dendroctonus valens)雄性能否依据信息素对雌性进行选择,以及这种选择行为对生殖的影响,首先使用Y-型嗅觉仪验证这种选择行为,然后用玻璃夹板技术分析雄性对其选择(P)和未选择(NP)的雌性在求偶和交配行为上的差异,最后用木段接种技术研究雄性与P雌性和NP雌性配对后在坑道构筑、产卵和幼虫发育上的差异。结果表明,雄性对雌性有着显著的基于信息素的选择行为。在求偶和交配行为上,雄性对P雌性更易求偶成功,交配时间更长(P0.05)。当雄性和P雌性配对时,前10 d筑出更长的且更清洁的坑道(P0.05)。20 d时,P雌性后代中孵化幼虫占后代总数量的比例极显著高于NP雌性(P0.001)。30 d时,P雌性的幼虫质量极显著高于NP雌性(P0.001)。以上结果表明,红脂大小蠹存在基于信息素的雄性配偶选择行为,其对生殖产生显著影响。 相似文献
5.
Interspecific genetic control of courtship song production and reception in Drosophila 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The genetic control of courtship song differences between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans males was investigated by producing hybrids from reciprocal crosses. The song rhythm difference between the parental species appears to be due to sex-linked genes, whereas the basic interpulse-interval difference is autosomally inherited. Hybrid females show selective preferences for artificially generated songs carrying intermediate "hybrid" characteristics. 相似文献
6.
Can animal mating systems result in the choice of mates carrying genotypes that are otherwise favored by natural selection? This question is addressed by studying, in natural populations of Colias butterflies, how the phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) enzyme genotype of males mating Colias females varies with degree of female mate discrimination. Certain PGI genotypes (as predicted from their biochemical properties) have been found previously to have an advantage in diverse fitness-related properties: flight capacity, survivorship, and overall mating success. It is shown here that males of these same genotypes have even greater advantage in remating older, more discriminating females than they do in mating previously unmated, less discriminating females. Assortative mating is not found and thus cannot explain this effect. The mating system of these insects does, at least in this case, result in active female choice of generally favorable male genotypes as mates. 相似文献
7.
水稻品种对褐飞虱代谢酶的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用水稻敏感品种TNl和具有不同抗性基因的品种Mudgo,ASD7和Rathu Heenati饲养稻褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)，研究不同品种对褐飞虱体内酯酶、谷胱甘肽转移酶和多功能氧化酶氧—脱甲基活性的影响。结果表明，褐飞虱在3种抗性品种上饲养一代后，其酯酶活性与敏感品种上的试虫相比没有显差异。然而，取食Mudgo和ASD7的雌成虫之间酯酶活性达到显性差异；取食Mudgo和Ruthu Heenati的雄成虫酯酶的Km值分别为取食TNl的2．78和2．58倍。褐飞虱体内酯酶活性还因其生物型的不同而异。对褐飞虱生物型1和生物型2个酯酶活力分布的测定结果表明，生物型2的雌、雄成虫酯酶活性均显低于生物型1的。研究还表明，在ASD7与Rathu Heenati上饲养一代后，褐飞虱雌、雄成虫GST的活性显高于取食TNl和Mudgo的个体，但抗性品种对褐飞虱成虫的多功能氧化酶氧—脱甲基活性没有明显影响。因此，水稻品种对褐飞虱代谢酶的影响因品种的特性，代谢酶的类型，甚至褐飞虱的性别而异。中对其可能的机制进行了探讨。 相似文献
8.
Two species of Drosophila that differ in their ecology and mating systems have been compared with respect to male contribution to the somatic tissues and developing oocytes of females. In the species Drosophila mojavensis females remate daily, exhibit a copulatory plug, and have been shown to obtain a contribution from the male ejaculate. In contrast, Drosophila melanogaster males do not contribute to females. Female Drosophila melanogaster do not remate as frequently as Drosophila mojavensis females nor is a copulatory plug formed. 相似文献
9.
口服鲨烯对大鼠Leptin、体脂沉积和繁殖的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
将22日龄Wistar雄鼠32只,分对照组(饲料中不含鲨烯)和试验组(每千克饲料中含鲨烯1 000mg),宰杀后测定血Leptin、血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯和睾酮水平及体重脂肪指数和体重睾丸指数,同时,各组留6只与雌鼠交配,待观察产仔数.结果显示,对照组和试验组饲料消耗没有差异,但试验组大鼠体重、体重脂肪指数、血Leptin、血糖、胆固醇和甘油三酯水平显著比对照组低,而试验组大鼠的体重睾丸指数、血睾酮水平和产仔数显著比对照组高.提示口服鲨烯可防止正常鼠体重和体脂肪增加并可降低肥胖鼠体重脂肪指数及降低血Leptin、血糖、胆固醇和甘油三酯的水平;同时,鲨烯可促进睾丸生长发育和睾酮分泌,增加产仔数. 相似文献
10.
Androgens prevent normally occurring cell death in a sexually dimorphic spinal nucleus 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
The spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) contains many more motoneurons in adult male rats than in females. Androgens establish this sex difference during a critical perinatal period, which coincides with normally occurring cell death in the SNB region. Sex differences in SNB motoneuron number arise primarily because motoneuron loss is greater in females than in males during the early postnatal period. Perinatal androgen treatment in females attenuates cell death in the SNB region, reducing motoneuron loss to levels typical of males. The results suggest that steroid hormones determine sex differences in neuron number by regulating normally occurring cell death and that the timing of this cell death may therefore define critical periods for steroid effects on neuron number. 相似文献
11.
Females of the tropical cockroach Xestoblatta hamata feed on urates offered by the male after copulation. Females on nitrogen-deficient diets ingest and transfer to their maturing oocytes more male-derived uric acid than do females on high-protein diets. In isolated females, the greatest uptake of uric acid by the ovaries occurs during the mating stage in the reproductive cycle. Uric acid from males contributes significantly to the female's nitrogen pool and may help shorten the time between mating and oviposition. In both field and laboratory experiments males choose high-protein foods and dietary uric acid. 相似文献
12.
EHRMAN L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1960,131(3410):1381-1382
Hybrids obtained in the laboratory between two subspecies of Drosophila paulistorum possess a genetic constitution which is discordant enough so that the hybrid females repel the courtship of all males, and will mate with none. The hybrid males will court and will be rejected by almost all females, including their own hybrid siblings. 相似文献
13.
为了探讨氟化物对家蚕代谢机制的影响,以家蚕耐氟品种T6和氟化物敏感品种734为研究对象,从5龄起蚕开始分别添食50、100、200、400mg/kg NaF溶液浸泡后的新鲜桑叶,检测家蚕血液中羧酸酯酶(CarE),全酯酶活性的变化.结果表明,734、T6添氟组的CarE活性分别是对照组的73％-88％和72％-81％,734两个低浓度添氟组的CarE活性与对照组和两个高浓度添氟组的差异极显著(P＜0.01),T6各处理组之间的差异不显著.734、T6添氟组的全酯酶活性分别是对照组的89％-97％和73％-92％,734各处理组之间的差异不显著,T6对照组的全酯酶活性仅与最高浓度添氟组差异极显著(P＜0.01).说明氟化物对家蚕血液CarE和全酯酶活性具有一定的抑制作用. 相似文献
14.
All tested stocks of Drosophila melanogaster exhibit a peptide in males but not in females. The failure of some investigators to demonstrate its presence is attributable to their choice of chromatographic solvents. Acid hydrolysis confirms its peptide identity. Its presence in females transformed into males by the mutant tra implicates the sex-determining loci in its formation. 相似文献
15.
The susceptibility of Oxya chinensis to malathion was compared in larvae and adults from a field population, collected from Jinyuan outskirt, Shanxi Province. The results showed that Oxya chinensis was more susceptible to malathion in the adult stage than in the larval stage. The LD50 values for malathion susceptibility of Oxya chinensis were 4.94 and 2.44 mg g-1 body weight in the larvae and adults respectively. The results indicated that the larvae were 2.02-fold less susceptible to malathion than the adults. The general esterases and the kinetics were characterized and compared between the two life stages and between females and males. Larval preparations of Oxya chinensis were more active than adult preparations in females and males. The larvae showed 1.18-, 1.49-, and 1.17-fold higher specific activities than the adults in females with α -NA, α -NB and β -NA respectively. In males, the ratios were 1.34-, 1.70-, and 1.06-fold. Female preparations were more active than those of males in the adults. The reverse results were observed in the larvae where male preparations were more active than female preparations. Kinetic studies showed that Km values of general esterases hydrolyzing α -NA, α -NB, and β -NA in the adult stage were 1.36-, 1.32- and 1.39-fold respectively, higher than those in the larval stage in females. In males, the ratios were 1.24-, 2.14-, and 1.20-fold. The esterase from male insects had a higher affinity (lower Km value) to the substrate than those from females. The results also showed that the Vmax values of general esterase hydrolyzing α -NA, α -NB, and β -NA in the two stages were similar. From the results of bioassays and biochemical analyses, it has been inferred that a higher level of resistance to malathion in larvae than in adults would appear to result from differences in the expression of resistance mechanisms in these two life stages. Enhanced esterase activities appeared to play a major role in resistance to malathion in both larvae and adults. From the analysis of inhibition in vitro, the esterases in the two life stages were B-type,and carboxylesterases were predominant enzymes in the composition of the esterases in the two stages. 相似文献
16.
Starch-gel electrophoresis of an extract of mouse kidney disclosed that an esterase is present in mature males but absent in females and immature males. When testosterone was injected for 7 days the enzyme could be detected in kidney extracts obtained from both female and young animals. Hence the enzyme may be a hormone-induced one. 相似文献
17.
Lindburg DG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1969,166(3909):1176-1178
Groups of rhesus monkeys, heretofore described as closed social units, experience a seasonal exchange of a portion of the adult males. Male shifting corresponds with the season of mating, and results in copulation with females of newly joined groups. This pattern is socially disruptive, but provides opportunity for exchange of genetic material between groups of a region. 相似文献
18.
Monophenol oxidase (or tyrosinase-A(1)) activity appears to be absent from extracts from pupae of homozygous lozenge-glossy (lz(g)/lz(g)) females and (lz(g)/male symbol) males of Drosophila melanogaster. Diphenol oxidase (tyrosinase-A(2)) activity is less in the mutant extracts than in extracts of wild-type Oregon-R pupae of the same age and sex. 相似文献
19.
Shapiro DY 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1980,209(4461):1136-1137
The simultaneous removal of three to nine males from large social groups of Anthias squamipinnis led to close to a one-to-one replacement of the removed males by sex-reversing females. The females changed sex serially within each group with a mean interval between successive onset times of 1.9 days. The timing of sex change is thus not independent for each fish but is influenced by the events surrounding other sex reversals within the group. 相似文献