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1.
Five different adjuvants were examined for potentiation of humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses in cattle to a Brucella abortus soluble antigen (BASA). Two separate experiments were performed involving a total of 64 steers, divided among six groups (Experiment 1) and 9 groups (Experiment 2). The adjuvants used were: muramyl dipeptide, Freund's incomplete adjuvant, dimethyl-dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA), Bordetella pertussis and Propionibacterium acnes. In each experiment, three groups received BASA (2 mg protein) subcutaneously with adjuvant, one group received a reduced dose of B. abortus Strain 19 (S19), one group served as unvaccinated controls, and another group received BASA alone. Primary responses were studied following a single immunization in comparison to the single inoculation with S19. For each experiment serum antibody responses and CMI responses were sequentially determined over a period of 56 days. Antibody responses to B. abortus were measured using the brucellosis card, rivanol precipitation-plate agglutination, complement fixation, and fluorometric immunoassay tests, and as well as with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The CMI response was measured using antigen-specific lymphoproliferation (LP) and skin testing for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to BASA (Experiment 2). Specific aspects of induced CMI responses investigated were macrophage activation (IL-1 production), helper T cell activation (IL-2 production), and release of soluble suppressor factor(s). In general, mean antibody responses were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in immunized steers than in control steers and those receiving BASA alone. The LP responses to heat-killed B. abortus were generally higher in immunized groups than in the controls. The LP and DTH responses were greatest in the groups receiving S19 and BASA + DDA. Increased induction of IL-1 was largest in the group receiving BASA + DDA whereas IL-2 release was greatest in S19 vaccinated steers. Suppressor T cell responses were most obvious in the groups receiving S19, BASA + B. pertussis, and P. acnes. These studies demonstrated that DDA potentiates CMI responses to a soluble B. abortus antigen and may be useful as an adjuvant for future vaccines, particularly subunit vaccines.  相似文献   

2.
Augmentation of immunization of cattle Brucella abortus S19 or a B. abortus soluble protein extract (SPEBA) vaccine through administration of recombinant bovine IL 2 (rBoIL 2) was evaluated. Seventy-five heifers were divided among 6 groups that were treated with the following: Group 1, no treatment; Group 2, rBoIL 2 (1microg/kg) on day 0; Group 3, SPEBA (2 mg) on day 0 and week 9; Group 4, SPEBA + rBoIL 2 on day 0, SPEBA on week 9; Group 5, S19 (10(7) CFU) on day 0 and week 9; Group 6, S19 + rBoIL 2 on day 0, S19 only on week 9. Approximately, 6 months after vaccination, cattle were bred by natural service, and at mid-gestation pregnant cattle were challenged intraconjunctivally with 9.1 x 10(5) CFU of virulent B. abortus S2308. Pre- and post-challenge antibody responses were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a particle concentration fluorescence assay, and the card test. Lymphoproliferation (LP) responses to gamma-irradiated B. abortus and SPEBA antigens were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. After vaccination, antibody responses to B. abortus elevated rapidly in SPEBA- and S19-vaccinates with and without rBoIL 2, however, these responses were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in vaccinates which also received rBoIL 2. Antibody levels for all vaccinated groups had returned to those of negative control groups by the challenge date with the exception of the SPEBA/rBoIL 2 group. In general, LP responses were higher in vaccinated or rBoIL 2-treated cattle than for unvaccinated controls. Challenge of 48 pregnant heifers resulted in abortions in 4/9 of Group 1, 0/9 of Group 2, 4/8 of Group 3, 2/9 of Group 4, 1/7 of Group 5, and 0/6 of Group 6 cattle. Treatment with rBoIL 2 alone (Group 2) provided significant (P < 0.05) protection from infection, abortions and induction of sero-positive status compared to untreated (Group 1) cattle. Co-administration of rBoIL 2 with S19 resulted in significant (P < 0.05) augmentation in onset, duration and magnitude of LP responses to B. abortus antigens following challenge. Characterization of the cytokine response of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages by real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that in vitro stimulation of these cells with rBoIL 2 resulted in a profound up-regulation of genes encoding tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL 12p40, and interferon-gamma reflecting activation of the cells. Overall, rBoIL 2-treatment was associated with fewer infections, sero-conversions and a significant (P = 0.02) level of protection against abortion as compared to vaccination alone or no treatment.  相似文献   

3.
Guinea pigs were subcutaneously inoculated with 300 microgram of Brucella abortus strain 45/20 killed cells combined in 1% oil emulsion with trehalose dimycolate (TDM), muramyl dipeptide (MDP), or a combination of the 2 immunopotentiators. Protection, as determined by splenic infections in the guinea pigs after challenge exposure, was compared with that induced by strain 19 vaccine. With few exceptions, protection induced by bacterins containing 50 to 1,000 microgram of TDM or TDM-MDP/dose was comparable with that of strain 19 vaccine (P greater than 0.05). Bacterins that contained MDP as an adjuvant were inferior to those with TDM regardless of the excipient or method of preparation. There was no further enhancement of immunogenicity by the addition of MDP to bacterins that already contained TDM. Mineral oil could not be replaced by a metabolizable excipient in bacterins potentiated with TDM.  相似文献   

4.
A study was conducted to determine the effect of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and trehalose dimycolate (TDM) as adjuvants on the protective responses in BALB/c mice vaccinated with Brucella abortus salt-extractable protein (BCSP) or proteinase-K-treated B abortus lipopolysaccharide (PKLPS). Mice were vaccinated with different doses of BCSP or PKLPS given alone or in combination with MPL or TDM. Mice were challenge-exposed 4 weeks later with virulent B abortus strain 2308. Two weeks after challenge exposure, the number of B abortus colony-forming units (CFU) per spleen, spleen weights, and spleen cell interleukin 1 production were measured. Serum IgG and IgM concentrations specific for vaccinal immunogens were measured before and after challenge exposure with B abortus. Spleen weights and mean B abortus CFU per vaccine group were significantly lower in BCSP- and PKLPS-vaccinated mice, compared with those of nonvaccinated control mice. Monophosphoryl lipid A enhanced the suppression of splenic infection when given with the BCSP vaccine, but not when given with the PKLPS vaccine. Trehalose dimycolate had no effect on mean CFU when given with BCSP, but incorporation of TDM resulted in a significant increase in mean CFU when given with PKLPS. Spleen weights in BCSP- or PKLPS-vaccinated mice were not different when these vaccines were combined with MPL or TDM. Because of the wide variation in the results, we could not conclude that vaccination with BCSP or PKLPS alone, or in combination with MPL altered spleen cell interleukin-1 production in B abortus-infected mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

5.
Regulation of the bovine immune response to immunization with Brucella abortus Strain 19 (S19) was investigated through application of a modification of an assay to measure suppressor T lymphocyte activities in humans and through development and characterization of antigen-stimulated T lymphocyte lines in vitro. A total of nine of steers were alloted into two groups: control (n = 4) and S19-immunized (n = 5). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from each animal were cultured in vitro with mitogens (concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM], B. abortus antigens (B. abortus soluble antigen (BASA) and whole heat-killed B. abortus cells (HKC)) and media alone periodically from days 4 through 49 of the experiment. Supernates from these cultures were assayed for immunomodulatory activity(s) by addition to indicator cultures stimulated with suboptimal concentrations of Con A. Supernates from PBMC of S19-immunized steers generated with B. abortus antigens significantly (P less than 0.05) suppressed indicator cell responses as compared to those from control steers on days 35 and 49 post-immunization. This suppressive activity from PBMC of immunized cattle with respect to that of control cattle could also be induced through mitogenic stimulation with Con A or PWM. On day 49 of the study, suppressive activity was spontaneously released from the PBMC of immunized cattle. T lymphocyte lines were initiated from two S19-immunized steers at 2 and 9 weeks post-immunization. These T cell lines were characterized with respect to proliferative responses to B. abortus antigens through in vitro assay and surface marker expression through indirect immunofluorescence with a limited panel of monoclonal antibodies. Results from the present study indicated that S19 immunization induces a subpopulation(s) of cells in the PBMC of cattle capable of regulating the in vitro response to B. abortus. This regulatory activity is detectable by in vitro assay as early as 7 weeks post-immunization. Furthermore, the regulatory cell(s) appear to involve BoCD8+ T, lymphocytes which are specific for B. abortus antigens.  相似文献   

6.
Brucella abortus resists the microbicidal mechanisms of macrophages, and the expression of its heat shock proteins (HSPs) such as GroEL, GroES and HtrA may play a role in this resistance. Bacterial HSPs can be very immunogenic, inducing protective immunity in various types of bacterial infections. However, the significance of immune responses directed against B. abortus HSPs in the protection against brucellosis is currently unresolved. To elucidate the role of these proteins in protection against Brucella challenge, individual, divalent or trivalent baculovirus (BV) recombinants of B. abortus GroEL, GroES and/or HtrA were injected into BALB/c mice either as protein-expressing whole cells or as purified proteins. The preparations were given to mice in combination with Freund's or Ribi adjuvant, respectively. In addition, some mice were primed with a vaccinia virus-GroEL recombinant, followed by inoculation with purified GroEL-Ribi adjuvant combination. Antibodies were observed against B. abortus GroEL and HtrA, but not against GroES. Cellular immune response was demonstrated by observing significant IFN-gamma release by lymphocytes of mice immunized with the purified HtrA-Ribi adjuvant combination. However, none of the mice inoculated with individual, divalent or trivalent HSP-expressing cells combined with complete Freund's adjuvant or inoculated with purified B. abortus HSPs combined with Ribi adjuvant, were protected against challenge with B. abortus virulent strain 2308. Priming with vaccinia virus-GroEL recombinant and boosting with GroEL-Ribi combination did not induce protective immunity. Based on the results obtained, we suggest that although humoral and cell-mediated immune responses are induced, but protective immune response is not induced by B. abortus HSPs.  相似文献   

7.
Immunomodulation with killed Propionibacterium acnes was attempted in guinea pigs simultaneously vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain 19. Two groups, each comprised of 9 guinea pigs, were injected by different routes (s.c. and or i.v.) with 1.4 mg of P. acnes and 5 X 10(8) CFU of B. abortus, S-19, while 3 other groups each received either P. acnes, B. abortus S-19, or saline (s.c.). The antibody titers to B. abortus measured at 6, 10 and 14 weeks after vaccination indicated no significant (P less than 0.01) response in the 2 groups immunopotentiated with P. acnes concurrent with B. abortus S-19 vaccination. The delayed hypersensitivity response to 3 Brucella antigens conducted 8 weeks after immunization did not show a significant difference between the B. abortus S-19 vaccinated group compared with the 2 groups immunopotentiated and vaccinated. However, the proliferative response of lymphocytes to the B. abortus soluble antigen diluted 1:100 indicated significantly enhanced blastogenesis in the (s.c.) immunopotentiated and immunized guinea pigs compared with the B. abortus S-19 vaccinated group. A slightly enhanced response was also observed in the group immunopotentiated (i.v.) and vaccinated (s.c.). The guinea pigs were challenged with B. abortus strain 2308 and necropsied 4 weeks later. The mean splenic CFU of the Brucella in the group immunopotentiated (i.v.) and vaccinated (s.c.) was significantly decreased when compared with the guinea pigs vaccinated with B. abortus S-19 alone. These findings indicated that P. acnes administered simultaneously with B. abortus S-19 vaccine was able to augment the immune response in guinea pigs. Immunomodulation as evidenced by enhanced clearance of B. abortus from the spleens of immunopotentiated animals was presumably brought about by activated macrophages or a T-cell mediated cytolytic mechanism or both.  相似文献   

8.
This study was designed to determine if a single 0.5 microg administration of recombinant murine interleukin-12 (IL-12) would influence immune responses of mice vaccinated with live or killed Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51). Mice were vaccinated intraperitoneally with 5 x 10(8) cfu of live or gamma-irradiated SRB51 bacteria alone, or in combination with 0.5 microg of IL-12. Control mice received saline or 0.5 microg of IL-12. Serologic responses and spleen weights after vaccination were greater in mice vaccinated with live SRB51 when compared to mice receiving killed SRB51 or control treatments. Administration of a single dose of IL-12 as a vaccine adjuvant did not influence immune responses, clearance of live SRB51, or resistance against B. abortus strain 2308 (S2308) challenge. The results of this study suggest that a single administration of 0.5 microg of IL-12 at the time of vaccination does not have significant adjuvant effects on vaccine-induced immune responses against live or killed Brucella.  相似文献   

9.
A purified protein derivative-live preparation of Brucella abortus strain 45/20 was tested for immunogenic properties either alone, after lipid conjugation, or in association with defined adjuvants. The adjuvants were trehalose dimycolate (cord factor), isolated from wax D of mycobacteria and murmyl dipeptide (N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alamyl-D-isoglutamine), a synthetic glycopeptide analog of peptidoglycan subunits found in many bacterial cell walls and wax D of mycobacteria. Guinea pigs were intradermally inoculated with a single injection of the vaccine preparations eight weeks before intramuscular challenge with B. abortus, strain 2308. None of the purified protein derivative-like preparations were as effective in the prevention of splenic infections with B. abortus as were killed whole cells of strain 45/20 in Freund's complete adjuvant. Whole cells in Freund's complete adjuvant were able to reduce mean colony counts by 97% (P = 0.02), while purified protein derivative-like vaccines were able to reduce mean colony counts by only 32 to 61% as compared to control animals. Results suggest that purified protein derivative-like preparations have limited immunogenic properties under present test conditions.  相似文献   

10.
Experiments in sheep were carried out to examine factors modifying the immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype of the antibody response to Brucella abortus. Live B abortus (S19) stimulated higher titres of agglutinating antibody and IgG1 and IgG2 antibody than did killed B abortus. Live B abortus stimulated a more protracted synthesis of IgG2 antibody during the primary and secondary responses than did the killed S19 vaccine. In a second experiment, the capacity of live and killed Staphylococcus aureus to modify the antibody response to killed B abortus was examined. Both live and killed S aureus enhanced production of anti-brucella antibodies; this response was attributed to the adjuvant properties of S aureus. Killed S aureus enhanced production of anti-brucella antibody to a greater extent than live S aureus. Live S aureus did not preferentially enhance production of IgG2 anti-brucella antibody. The results suggested that the enhanced production of IgG2 antibody induced by live vaccines does not depend solely on a pyogenic lesion at the vaccination site.  相似文献   

11.
The effects of the lipopolysaccharide-protein complex (LPS) and crude capsular antigen (CCA) prepared from Pasteurella multocida serotype A isolated from a duck in the Philippines, on antibody responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Brucella abortus (BA) and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the chickens were studied. Chickens injected subcutaneously with LPS and CCA at 1 and 2 weeks of age and immunized intravenously with the mixed antigens of SRBC and BA, at 3 and 4 weeks of age showed significantly increased antibody responses against both SRBC and BA, when evaluated at 7 days after each immunization. In addition, these chickens sensitized intramuscularly with the emulsion of BSA in complete Freund's adjuvant at 5 weeks of age, and then injected into the wattle with BSA at 7 weeks of age also showed significantly increased DTH responses against BSA, when evaluated at 24 and 48 hr after challenge. These results indicate that LPS and CCA of P. multocida serotype A have a property enhancing humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.  相似文献   

12.
Cell-mediated immune responses in cattle naturally infected with strains of Brucella abortus and in cattle vaccinated with B abortus strain 19 during calfhood were studied by an in vitro lymphocyte-stimulation procedure. Lymphocytes were prepared from peripheral bovine blood by the Ficoll-diatrizoate technique, suspended in RPMI-1640 medium (1.5 X 10(6) lymphocytes/ml), cultured with B abortus-soluble antigen or phytohemagglutinin, and incubated for 6 days. Sixteen hours prior to termination of incubation, cultures were labeled with 1 muCi of [3H]thymidine (3HdT) and, after harvesting, assayed for 3HdT incorporation into DNA by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Lymphocytes from cattle with bacteriologically confirmed isolation of B abortus underwent a significantly higher lymphocyte stimulation with B abortus-soluble antigen than did cattle vaccinated with B abortus strain 19 during calfhood (P less than 0.005). Standard seroagglutination tests were conducted simultaneously with lymphocyte-stimulation tests, but there was no apparent correlation between levels of humoral antibodies and the cell-mediated immune responses as measured by in vitro specific lymphocyte stimulation.  相似文献   

13.
In the present study, we determined the levels of cytokines produced by camel (Camelus bactrianus) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in response to live attenuated Brucella abortus (B. abortus) S19 vaccine. Seven camels were vaccinated with commercial B. abortus S19 vaccine, and their cytokine responses were determined using a real-time PCR assay. Cytokine responses to B. abortus S19 were examined at 6 hr, 48 hr and 1, 2 and 3 weeks post-vaccination. Serological tests were performed to further confirm these immune responses. The results revealed that IFN-gamma and IL-6 were upregulated during the first week post-vaccination. Low level expressions of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TNFalpha and IL-10 and no expression of IL-2 and IL-4 were observed compared with the control camels. The findings showed that B. abortus stimulates cell-mediated immunity by directly activating camel Th1 cells to secrete IFN-gamma. This quantification of cytokine expression in camels is essential for understanding of Camelidae disease development and protective immune responses. This is the first report of in vivo camel cytokine quantification after vaccination.  相似文献   

14.
Vaccination of pigs against the helminth nematode Trichinella could be a good alternative to prevent the risk of human infection. In order to develop an efficient and safe vaccine, the choice of the adjuvant is an important issue. In this study, two adjuvants were selected to prepare vaccines based on total soluble Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae (ML) antigen: Montanide ISA 70 water in oil emulsion and Montanide IMS nanoparticles. Aluminium hydroxide was used as a reference adjuvant. The immune response was checked by ELISA of parasite antigen specific IgG1 and IgE. Finally, protection induced in vaccinated mice was measured after a T. spiralis challenge by counting ML burdens. The results clearly showed an impact of adjuvants on the specific IgG1 and IgE antibody responses against T. spiralis. Differences were observed between the rates of protection induced according to the type of formulation, although the three adjuvants tested were able to enhance the humoral immune response. This work demonstrated the need to use an adjuvant to obtain a specific IgG1 and IgE responses directed against the total soluble extract of T. spiralis.  相似文献   

15.
The development of improved vaccines for bovine tuberculosis is urgently required as a cost effective solution for control and eventual eradication of tuberculosis in domestic animals. Studies in small animal models of tuberculosis have shown that vaccination with culture filtrate proteins (CFP), prepared from Mycobacterium tuberculosis or M. bovis, can induce cellular immune responses and confer a level of protection against aerogenic challenge with virulent mycobacteria. As a first step in the development of a mycobacterial CFP vaccine for protection of cattle against bovine tuberculosis, the immune responses of cattle vaccinated with short-term culture filtrate proteins (ST-CFP) from M. tuberculosis and formulated with different adjuvants were compared with those vaccinated with bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG). The adjuvants included dimethyldioctyldecyl ammonium bromide (DDA), diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-dextran, and ST-CFP adsorbed onto polystyrene beads. Vaccination with ST-CFP/DEAE-dextran induced high levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) but low levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) from whole-blood cultures stimulated with M. tuberculosis ST-CFP in comparison with the strong IFN-gamma and IL-2 responses induced after vaccination with BCG. ST-CFP/DEAE-dextran also induced a strong antigen-specific immunoglobulin antibody response with both immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2 isotypes. Vaccination with ST-CFP/beads induced a weak IgG1-biased antibody response but no IFN-gamma or IL-2 response. DDA did not induce significant immune responses in animals vaccinated with ST-CFP. In comparison to the moderate delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses induced by vaccination with subcutaneous BCG, none of the ST-CFP vaccines induced a significant DTH response to either M. tuberculosis ST-CFP or bovine purified protein derivative (PPD). While the ST-CFP vaccines used in this study have not induced strong antigen-specific cellular immune responses in cattle comparable to those induced by BCG, they are immunogenic in cattle and it may be possible to overcome this problem by using adjuvants that more effectively promote IFN-gamma responses in this species.  相似文献   

16.
Yearling heifers were given SC injections of 10(8) (n = 40), 10(9) (n = 44), or 10(10) (n = 44) colony-forming units of Brucella abortus strain 19 (S19). The proportion of heifers with positive serologic test results at 1 month following vaccination increased as the dose of S19 increased. These proportions decreased with time, and all heifers had negative card, rivanol, and complement fixation test results within 4 months. Positive ELISA results persisted beyond 4 months in all three S19 dose groups; however, all heifers were ELISA-negative within 9 months after vaccination. Comparable lymphocyte transformation activity was stimulated by S19 dose of 10(9) or 10(10) and approximately half of the heifers in both groups had a positive stimulation index at 9 months. Immunity of the pregnant heifers was challenged 9 months after vaccination with 10(7) B abortus strain 2308 as follows: diluent controls (n = 69); 10(8) B abortus S19 (n = 40); 10(9) B abortus S19 (n = 39); and 10(10) B abortus S19 (n = 39). Tissue specimens from heifers were obtained at parturition and necropsy for culturing of B abortus. The proportion of heifers that developed brucellosis, ie, had positive culture results, increased as gestation days at challenge exposure increased. The effect of gestational age was controlled in the analysis using logistic regression. The relative risk of brucellosis was reduced to 0.38, 0.15, and 0.06 for B abortus S19 doses of 10(8), 10(9), and 10(10), respectively, compared with diluent controls at 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

17.
Five groups of heifers were immunized with various subcellular fractions of Brucella abortus and tested for their responsiveness in lymphocyte proliferative responses in vitro. The five subcellular fractions used as immunogens were: (1) a mixture of recombinant outer membrane proteins fused to Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase, (2) a mixture of outer membrane proteins BaomI, BaomIIB1, and BaomIII1, (3) a mixture of outer membrane proteins 7.5 kDa and 8.8 kDa, (4) a complex of smooth lipopolysaccharide and proteins, and (5) a complex of outer membranes and peptidoglycan (OM-PG complex) from a rough strain. All immunogens were emulsified in adjuvant and administered twice at a 61-day interval. Two other groups of cows were included; one immunized with strain 19 and the other with adjuvant only. Strain 19 and the rough OM-PG complex induced responsiveness in lymphocyte proliferation assays in a high percentage of immunized cows. The smooth lipopolysaccharide-protein complex induced responsiveness in fewer cows. The lowest frequencies of responding cows were found in groups that received either recombinant proteins or purified protein mixtures. Based on these results, we concluded: (1) cellular immunity, as measured by in vitro lymphocyte proliferative responses, can be induced with subcellular fractions of B. abortus and (2) the more complex the immunogen, the greater the frequency of responding cows.  相似文献   

18.
The outer membrane-peptidoglycan complex (OM-PG) from rough strains of Brucella abortus was tested for its ability to induce lymphocyte responsiveness in cattle. Six groups of heifers were immunized with varying doses and administration schedules of rough OM-PG and assayed for responsiveness of their lymphocytes in proliferation assays in vitro. All OM-PG preparations were emulsified in a commercial adjuvant for administration. Two other groups of heifers were immunized with strain 19 vaccine or adjuvant alone. Three groups of heifers received two inoculations of OM-PG antigens from a naturally-occurring rough strain at a 57-day interval. The doses of OM-PG given in these three groups were 400 micrograms, 1200 micrograms, and 4000 micrograms at each inoculation. The frequency of cows that responded in lymphocyte proliferation assays increased with the dose of OM-PG given. Two groups received single inoculations of OM-PG, either 2400 micrograms or 8000 micrograms. Although there were responsive cows in these immunization groups, their frequency was lower than in the groups receiving the same total dose in two inoculations. A sixth group of cows was inoculated with OM-PG from a rough transposon mutant of B. abortus, and the frequency of responsive cows in this immunization group was comparable to that of responsive cows immunized with the same dose of OM-PG from the spontaneous rough mutant. In comparisons of cows inoculated with strain 19 to those inoculated with OM-PG preparations, differences were observed in the relative responsiveness of their lymphocytes to whole cells and OM-PG in the in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assays. These differences suggested that lymphocytes stimulated by strain 19 vaccination have different specificities than those stimulated by immunization with OM-PG of rough mutant strains of B. abortus.  相似文献   

19.
Objective To compare the effects of two oil emulsion adjuvants (incomplete Freunds adjuvant and a proprietary oil adjuvant), DEAE-dextran, L-tyrosine particles and Quil A on the humoral immune responses of sheep immunised with recombinant pili of Dichelobacter nodosus (strain A).
Procedure Antibody titres were studied for up to 32 weeks and were measured by bacterial agglutination and ELISA. The relative avidity of antibodies for pili was determined and the incidence and severity of adverse reactions at the site of injection of vaccines were recorded.
Results The oil emulsion adjuvants and Quil A were more effective than either DEAE-dextran or L-tyrosine at stimulating antibodies in sheep. The incidence and severity of adverse reactions was lower in sheep which received vaccines containing either Quil A or DEAE-dextran than in sheep which received vaccines containing oil emulsion adjuvants. L-tyrosine had no adverse effects.
Conclusion Quil A was as effective as oil adjuvants at stimulating high levels of antibodies against recombinant pili in sheep and had the significant advantage of being less irritant after subcutaneous injection.  相似文献   

20.
This study examined the adjuvant effects of dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA), CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN), and chicken interferon-γ (ChIFN-γ) on a DNA vaccine (pcDNA-VP243) against the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). A plasmid encoding chicken IFN-ã was constructed. Twice at 2-week intervals, two-week-old chickens were injected intramuscularly and intraperitoneally with either a DNA vaccine alone or a DNA vaccine together with the respective adjuvants. On week 2 after the second immunization, the chickens were orally challenged with the highly virulent IBDV. The groups that received the DNA vaccines plus either DDA or CpG-ODN showed significantly lower survival rates than the group that received the DNA vaccine alone. However, the survival rates for the DNA vaccine alone and for the DNA vaccine plus ChIFN-γ were similar. The chickens had no detectable antibodies to the IBDV before the challenge but all the surviving chickens in all groups except for the normal control group showed the induction of antibodies to the IBDV at day 10 after the challenge. As judged by the lymphocyte proliferation assays using the a WST-8 solution performed on the peripheral blood and splenic lymphocytes, the stimulation indices (SI) of the peripheral blood lymphocytes in all groups except for the normal control group were similar immediately before the challenge. At 10 days post-challenge, the SI for DNA vaccine plus either CpG-ODN or ChIFN-γ was similar to that of the DNA vaccine control group. For splenic lymphocytes, the SI in the DNA vaccine plus CpG-ODN and DNA vaccine plus ChIFN-γ groups were higher than for the DNA vaccine control. These results suggest that DDA actually compromises the protection against the IBDV by DNA vaccine, and CpG-ODN and IFN-γ had no significant effect.  相似文献   

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