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1.
Jonnell A. Robinson Evan Weissman Susan Adair Matthew Potteiger Joaquin Villanueva 《Agriculture and Human Values》2016,33(4):877-893
In this paper we critically examine mobile markets as an emerging approach to serving communities with limited healthy food options. Mobile markets are essentially farm stands on wheels, bringing fresh fruits, vegetables and other food staples into neighborhoods, especially those lacking traditional, full service grocery stores, or where a significant proportion of the population lacks transportation to grocery stores. We first trace the emergence of contemporary mobile markets, including a brief summary about how and where they operate, what they aim to achieve, who they serve, and the general constraints on their operations. We then report case study findings that examine the operational benefits and challenges of two mobile markets operating in Syracuse, New York. Our research suggests that although Syracuse’s mobile markets play a positive role in alleviating geographic, economic and social barriers to fresh food access experienced by elderly, immobile and low income residents living in Syracuse’s urban neighborhoods, the impacts of the mobile markets are dampened by both operational constraints and larger political and economic forces. 相似文献
2.
The contemporary US food systemis characterized by both an unprecedentedconcentration of corporate control as well as afragmentation of sourcing and marketingprocesses, introducing both new constraints andnew opportunities for more localized foodsystems. The purpose of our study is to explorethese issues by investigating three keyquestions. First, what are the key trends inthe US grocery industry? Second, how dodifferent kinds of food outlets choose,procure, and promote food products? Finally,what are the implications of recent trends inthe food retailing process for strengtheninglocal flows of the production, distribution,and consumption of food? Background informationon the grocery industry and the results ofseven open-ended interviews conducted withowners and managers of grocery stores in oneupstate New York county indicate that theretailing process differs in complex ways fromstore to store and in most aspects cannot beinferred from store type. The paper concludeswith a discussion of the implications of ourfindings for local food system efforts,specifically in terms of new collaborationsamong producers, distributors, retailers, andshoppers, who play an indispensable role indeveloping viable alternatives to increasingcorporate control. 相似文献
3.
Access to fruits and vegetables by low-income residents living in selected urban and rural Minnesotan communities was investigated. Communities were selected based on higher than state average poverty rates, limited access to grocery stores, and urban influence codes (USDA ERS codes). Four communities, two urban and two rural, were selected. Data were gathered from focus group discussions (n = 41), responses to a consumer survey (n = 396 in urban neighborhoods and n = 400 in rural communities), and an inventory of foodstuffs available at stores located in all the communities and at large grocery stores in neighborhoods adjacent to the urban communities. In the two urban neighborhoods, a significant number of foods (26% and 52%) were significantly more expensive than the Thrifty Food Plan’s (TFP) market basket price (MBP). Additionally, a significant number of foods in the two rural communities were more expensive (11% and 26%). In focus groups, participants identified major barriers to shopping in their community to be cost, quality of food, and food choice limitations. Results of the food inventory show that foods within the communities were costly, of fair or poor quality, and limited in number and type available, supporting complaints verbalized by focus group participants. Through focus groups and surveys, participants expressed concern that healthy food choices were not affordable within their communities and believed that people in their community suffered from food insecurity. The absence of quality, affordable food for low-income residents in these four Minnesota communities prevents or diminishes their ability to choose foods that help maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Deja Hendrickson
is currently a graduate student at the University of California and working towards obtaining her MS in nutrition in order to become a registered dietitian.
Chery Smith, PhD, MPH, RD, is an associate professor in the Department of Food Science and Nutrition at the University of Minnesota with research interests in the dietary behavior of low-income and homeless people, community and international nutrition, and food systems.
Nicole Eikenberry
is a Registered Dietitian and recently completed her MS in the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, with primary research emphasis on food access and food choice for low-income Minnesotan adults. 相似文献
4.
Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to investigate how shopping behaviors and environment influence dietary intake
and weight status among homeless Minnesotans living in food deserts. Seven focus groups (n = 53) and a quantitative survey (n = 255), using the social cognitive theory as the theoretical framework, were conducted at two homeless shelters (S1 and S2)
in the Twin Cities area. Heights, weights, and 24-h dietary recalls were also collected. Food stores within a five-block radius
of the shelters were evaluated for the price and availability of foods and compared to the Thrifty Food Plan’s market basket
prices (MBP). Results showed that almost 80% of the sample was overweight or obese, with women consuming less than the recommended
level for the fruits, vegetables, and milk food groups and excess for the fats/oils/sweets food group. Focus groups and participant
surveys indicated that the shelter infrastructure and surrounding community influenced the types of foods available, food
store access, and the foods purchased and consumed. Participants relied on food assistance programs, including food stamps,
to supplement their food supply; however, some felt the high food prices at neighboring stores limited food choice and that
food stamps did not adequately cover food costs. Results from the food store survey found the majority of food prices exceeded
Midwest or national MBP. To promote healthier dietary intake and weight status, community-based interventions and city planners
should aim to increase access to food through improved food availability and food access within the shelter environment and
surrounding community. 相似文献
5.
Food security is a fundamental element of community health. Informal house-lot food growing, by providing convenient access to diverse varieties of affordable and nutritious produce, can provide an important support for community food security. In this exploratory assessment of the contribution home food gardening makes to community food security, in-depth interviews were conducted with gardeners in two contrasting neighborhoods in Toronto, Canada. A typology of food gardeners was developed, and this qualitative understanding of residential food production was then assessed from a community food security perspective. It was found that growing food contributes to food security at all income levels by encouraging a more nutritious diet. The sustainability of household food sourcing and gardeners?? overall health and well-being also increased with food production. Secure access to suitable land to grow food and gardening skills were the most significant barriers found to residential food production. 相似文献
6.
现有林经营管理系统的技术框架与GIS外壳的研建 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
研制了一个基于ＧＩＳ的现有林经营管理信息与决策支持系统（ＦＯＲＥＭＡＮ）。该系统包括地理信息系统工具、森林地理空间数据库及森林经营管理模型库三个部分。系统采用了以混合式空间数据库管理结构、矢量拓扑数据结构和栅格数据变换为核心的空间数据输入、储存和管理方法,研建了空间基本运算和地图分析函数为内容的程序模块。直接可以被森林经营管理应用程序调用。研究认为,商品化地理信息系统工具不能代替专题地理信息系统。 相似文献
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8.
Lois Wright Morton Ella Annette Bitto Mary Jane Oakland Mary Sand 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(1):107-119
Reciprocity and redistribution economies are often used by low-income households to increase access to food, adequate diets,
and food security. A United States study of two high poverty rural counties and two low-income urban neighborhoods reveal
poor urban households are more likely to access food through the redistribution economy than poor rural households. Reciprocal
nonmarket food exchanges occur more frequently in low-income rural households studied compared to low-income urban ones. The
rural low-income purposeful sample was significantly more likely to give food to family, friends, and neighbors and obtain
food such as fish, meat, and garden produce from friends and family compared to the urban low-income group. Further, 58% of
the low-income rural group had access to garden produce while only 23% of the low-income urban group reported access. In a
rural random sample of the whole population in the two high poverty counties access to garden produce increased chances of
attaining recommended vegetable and fruit servings controlling for income, education, and age. Access to a garden also significantly
increased the variety of fruits and vegetables in diets.
相似文献
| Lois Wright MortonEmail: |
9.
Justin L. Schupp 《Agriculture and Human Values》2016,33(4):827-841
Participation in the local food movement has grown dramatically in the United States, with the farmers’ market being one of its most widespread and heavily promoted forums. Proponents argue that the interactions and transactions that occur at farmers’ markets benefit market participants, but, more importantly, have broader benefits for the neighborhoods they are located in and for society itself. The promise of these benefits raises several important questions, notably: where are farmers’ markets located and who has access to them? While many works have examined the characteristics of individuals who frequent markets, few have examined the areas and inhabitants hosting these markets. Using data from the USDA and US Census, I explore the location of farmers’ markets areas across several geographic measurements, including at the national, census division, and census tract levels. Results reveal the following: (1) Perhaps not being as white of a movement as critics have suggested, farmers’ markets are almost exclusively a middle to middle-upper class phenomenon; and (2) Farmers’ markets are very unlikely to be found in neighborhoods with lower than average socio-economic statuses indicators, in specific divisions of the US, and in rural areas. Results from this research further illuminate our understanding of where farmers’ markets are located throughout United States while presenting some interesting questions for the local food movement as it continues to moves forward. 相似文献
10.
经济政策不确定性对中国粮食安全的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探究经济政策不确定性对中国粮食安全的影响,基于2000—2018年中国31个省(市、自治区,统计数据未含港澳台地区)的面板数据,采用PVAR模型,研究经济政策不确定性对中国粮食供给安全、获取安全、稳定性安全和资源安全的影响及区域差异。结果表明:1)总体上,经济政策不确定性对中国粮食安全具有负向影响。2)分区域看,粮食主产区的供给安全受经济政策不确定性负向影响最大,粮食主销区的获取安全受经济政策不确定性冲击最为明显,经济政策不确定性对粮食产销平衡区的冲击最小。3)从粮食安全衡量维度看,经济政策不确定性对供给安全、获取安全和资源安全具有抑制影响,对稳定性安全呈现正向冲击作用。为确保粮食安全,中国应继续加强对粮食生产政策支持、稳定国内粮食价格和健全保障粮食安全的制度机制。 相似文献
11.
J. M. Valiente-Neighbours 《Agriculture and Human Values》2012,29(4):531-541
Local foodshed proponents in the United States seek to change the food system through campaigns to “buy local” and to rediscover “good food” in the local foodshed. Presumably, common sense dictates that the word “local” signifies spatial proximity to the consumer. For some populations, however, both the terms “local” and “local food” signify various different meanings. The local food definition generally used by scholars and activists alike as “geographically proximate food” is unhelpfully narrow. Localist rhetoric often does not incorporate the food choices and practices of immigrants, migrants, and refugees. In this paper, I report the various characterizations of local food among Filipino immigrants in San Diego, California: (1) geography-based local food; (2) (US) America-based local food; (3) community-based local food; and (4) immigrant identity-based local food. Local foodshed proponents should acknowledge those who have a starkly different definition of “local”—those who possess translocal subjectivities, for whom “local-ness” is both mobile and embodied. My study underscores how the movement of food—or its containment within a geographic space—cannot be viewed in isolation from the movement of people. 相似文献
12.
基于GIS的鼓浪屿旅游信息系统的设计与开发 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
如今GIS技术日渐成熟,发展旅游地理信息系统不仅可以保护旅游资源,而且能够提高旅游业的服务质量,为旅游者出外旅游提供方便。以厦门鼓浪屿为例,以组件式地理信息系统软件为基础平台,论述了利用MO控件设计和开发旅游地理信息系统,并结合VB语言定制开发了鼓浪屿旅游信息系统。该系统是在GIS工具系统的功能支持下,结合游客的实际需求,探索传统旅游信息发布管理方式与GIS技术进一步结合的关键技术问题,开发了基本图层操作、信息查询检索、标注功能、线路推荐、数据输出、路线选择分析等实用性功能,特别突出信息以多媒体形式呈现。为实现旅游信息的多源、实时、动态、形象管理提供了快速有效的技术途径,也便于旅游者进行有关旅游服务信息的查询分析,真正实现＂数字旅游＂。 相似文献
13.
随着中国经济的高速发展和改革开放的不断深入,农村问题日益显现,理应受到并实际受到了党和国家的高度重视。中国部分农村杂货店的发展面临困境可谓是农村问题的一个重要显现。近两三年来,农村经济快速发展,推动了农村交通的不断改善和转变了村民的传统消费观念,再加上城乡二元经济结构深层次矛盾的进一步显现,传统杂货店遇到了前所未有的挑战。面对困境,杂货店主选择了以传统杂货店为依托,实现多方经营。同时,党和国家出台的相关政策对繁荣农村商品市场,促进杂货店的发展和转变有积极的意义。 相似文献
14.
In the United States, food banks served an estimated 46 million people in 2015. A combination of government policy reforms and political economic trends contributed to the rising numbers of individuals relying on private food assistance in the US, the United Kingdom and other high-income countries. Although researchers frequently map urban food environments, this project is one of the first to map private food assistance and potential need at the census-tract scale. We utilize Geographic Information Systems, demographic data, and food assistance locations to develop a rapid assessment tool that could support food banks, pantries, soup kitchens, and government agencies that seek to answer the question of whether people with the greatest need have food distribution sites in close proximity. We define access based on distance and then calculate potential food insecurity using either poverty rates or a food insecurity index. We apply these methods in a case study analysis of Santa Clara County, California. Our findings suggest that food assistance distribution locations match the areas of potential need in more than 80% of urban census tracts. However, there are several potentially underserved locations and populations that could benefit from new food assistance operations. The poverty and index-based approaches show significant spatial overlap in mapped areas of high food insecurity and low access. The poverty only approach produces a higher estimate of food insecurity rates, is easier to calculate, and draws attention to the need to address poverty as a root cause of hunger. 相似文献
15.
基于食品召回成本模型的可追溯体系对食品召回成本的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
针对我国食品召回过程中召回成本较大对企业召回积极性带来不利影响等问题,构建食品召回成本模型,测算建立可追溯体系和不可追溯体系下的食品召回量和召回成本,对比分析可追溯体系对食品召回成本的影响,并探究影响食品召回成本的主要因素。结果表明:在不可追溯体系下的食品召回成本是可追溯体系下召回成本的(m-1)倍(m为食品保质期),可追溯体系可极大减少召回成本;食品保质期、日产量、销售价格是影响食品召回成本的主要因素。 相似文献
16.
Kameshwari Pothukuchi Rayman Mohamed David A. Gebben 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(3):319-332
This paper provides a conceptual framework to explain why disparities may exist in food safety code compliance by food stores
in different neighborhoods. Explanations include market dynamics, community characteristics, retailer attributes, inspector
characteristics, and enforcement approaches, and interactions among the factors. A preliminary and limited empirical test
of some of these relationships in Detroit, Michigan shows a higher rate of food safety violations by stores in poorer neighborhoods
and in neighborhoods with higher concentrations of African-American residents. Stores inspected by female inspectors also
scored higher numbers of critical violations, suggesting a need for greater examination of the social relations associated
with enforcement interactions in food safety studies.
Kameshwari Pothukuchi PhD, is Associate Professor of Urban Planning at Wayne State University. She conducts research on issues related to urban food security, including grocery stores, community gardens, and community and regional food planning. A policy guide on community and regional food planning, co-authored by her, was recently adopted by the American Planning Association (). Rayman Mohamed PhD, is Assistant Professor of Urban Planning at Wayne State University. He conducts research on land use and environmental planning. His recent articles examine decision making by developers, the economics of conservation subdivisions, and the relationship between sprawl and the costs of infrastructure. David A. Gebben is a graduate student of agricultural economics and a research assistant in the Global Urban Studies Program at Michigan State University. 相似文献
| Kameshwari PothukuchiEmail: |
Kameshwari Pothukuchi PhD, is Associate Professor of Urban Planning at Wayne State University. She conducts research on issues related to urban food security, including grocery stores, community gardens, and community and regional food planning. A policy guide on community and regional food planning, co-authored by her, was recently adopted by the American Planning Association (). Rayman Mohamed PhD, is Assistant Professor of Urban Planning at Wayne State University. He conducts research on land use and environmental planning. His recent articles examine decision making by developers, the economics of conservation subdivisions, and the relationship between sprawl and the costs of infrastructure. David A. Gebben is a graduate student of agricultural economics and a research assistant in the Global Urban Studies Program at Michigan State University. 相似文献
17.
城市绿地是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,对改善城市生态环境举足轻重。笔者应用GIS技术分析Quick Bird卫星影像数据,解译遥感图像,提取城市绿地斑块空间属性信息,通过创建和编辑分析地理数据、绘制图形、测量面积,得出一套具有较高精度的景洪市城市绿地空间属性数据和图件,并开展关于园林植物种类、数量、分布、生长状况、人工植物群落构建的调查,从而分析景洪市城市绿地的基本特点。由调查结果可知景洪市绿地面积现状、绿地评价指标、道路绿化现状,分析比较相关数据得知景洪市各项绿地指标均达国家园林城市标准,从而总结出景洪市绿地特点为：城市绿地类型多样、公园绿地特色鲜明、绿地维护效果显著、园林植物种类丰富、园林植物民族文化特色明显、乡土植物应用普遍。 相似文献
18.
Urban agriculture, social capital, and food security in the Kibera slums of Nairobi, Kenya 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Courtney M. Gallaher John M. Kerr Mary Njenga Nancy K. Karanja Antoinette M. G. A. WinklerPrins 《Agriculture and Human Values》2013,30(3):389-404
Much of the developing world, including Kenya, is rapidly urbanizing. Rising food and fuel prices in recent years have put the food security of the urban poor in a precarious position. In cities worldwide, urban agriculture helps some poor people gain access to food, but urban agriculture is less common in densely populated slums that lack space. In the Kibera slums of Nairobi, Kenya, households have recently begun a new form of urban agriculture called sack gardening in which vegetables such as kale and Swiss chard are planted into large sacks filled with topsoil. This paper examines relationships among sack gardening, social capital, and food security in Kibera. We used a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with a household survey, as well as focus group discussions with both farmers and non-farmers. We present evidence that sack gardening increases social capital, especially for those households that undertake sack gardening in groups. We also find that sack gardening in the Kibera slums has a positive impact on household food security by improving household dietary diversity and by reducing the need to resort to painful coping mechanisms that are used during food shortages. 相似文献
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为解决传统的图库一体化中制图数据与基础数据分离且格式不统一问题,引入能够表示地理空间对象的空间数据和非空间属性数据GML(地理标识语言)文档,建立图库一体化模型,实现数据统一存储管理和应用。首先将GIS数据作为基础数据建库,制定相应的配图方案形成制图数据,用GML技术将上述基础数据与制图数据即地图配置数据统一存储和管理,建立GML图库一体化模型;然后从GML地理数据库中提取与制图数据有关的信息并分析GML地理要素的属性,从地图符号库中匹配出表示该地理要素的地图符号信息,运用编程语言实现地图配置并保存至GML数据库,实现制图数据与基础数据的一体化存储。以某县级开发区土地利用数据为例对GML数据库的应用进行分析,运用C#编程语言完成土地利用数据的GML存储,采用Arc Engine提供的可视化控件实现GML可视化,通过Arc GIS Engine提供的地图整饰功能进行制图输出,实现图库一体化GML数据的应用。 相似文献