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通过对豫南小麦当家品种鄂恩一号和种植多年的7023的对比观察,找出二者在生育规律上的差异,进而分析在栽培措施上的异同。与7023相比,鄂恩一号出叶速度快,容易形成壮苗;抽穗后绿叶保持时间较长,有利后期光合作用;年前分蘖数比例大,总分蘖及成穗数没有7023多;幼穗分化开始早,进程快,小穗数及穗粒数比较少;开花早,灌浆时间长,灌浆强度大,子粒大,千粒重高。基于这些特点,提出了十月下旬播种,三叶期、药隔形成期追肥,四分子期根外喷肥,加强后期管理等针对该品种特性的栽培措施。 相似文献
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《湖北农业科学》2021,60(15)
研究了小麦耐盐品种新冬26和盐敏感品种鄂恩1号在盐胁迫下幼苗生长和相应生理生化指标的变化规律,为后续耐盐品种的选育提供依据。结果表明,在盐胁迫下,新冬26和鄂恩1号的根长、芽长、干重和鲜重随着盐浓度的增大而降低,而新冬26的相应指标比鄂恩1号下降幅度小。SOD、CAT、POD酶活性随着盐浓度的增加而增大,新冬26的酶活性高于鄂恩1号。在相同盐浓度下,随着盐胁迫时间的延长,酶活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势,新冬26的酶活性高于鄂恩1号;脯氨酸和MDA含量随着盐浓度的上升而增加,新冬26的脯氨酸含量高于鄂恩1号,MDA含量低于鄂恩1号;随着盐胁迫时间的延长,脯氨酸含量先上升后下降,而MDA持续上升,新冬26的脯氨酸含量最终高于鄂恩1号,MDA含量低于鄂恩1号。说明新冬26更能维持细胞稳态和细胞膜的稳定,表现更好的耐盐性。耐盐品种比敏感品种在盐胁迫下生长得更好,有较高的抗氧化酶活性,积累更多的脯氨酸来维持细胞稳态,而且耐盐品种的细胞膜受损程度较低,有更强的耐盐性。 相似文献
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利用不同灌浆特性的 3个小麦品种 (系 )为材料 ,研究了小麦颖果合点细胞的超微结构与灌浆过程的关系。结果表明 ,合点细胞液泡中沉积的脂类和多糖对籽粒灌浆过程无明显的抑制作用。合点细胞内壁上脂类和木栓质积累的多少、出现的时间与灌浆进程、灌浆结束时间有直接关系。灌浆速率大小与品种特性有关。大粒型品种 (系 )鄂恩 1号和 95A 10的合点细胞内壁脂类和木栓质出现迟 ,数量少 ;而小粒型品种华麦 8号出现早 ,数量多。颖果发育慢和灌浆速率小是 95A 10籽粒不饱满的主要原因。合点细胞主要以质外体和共质体并存的方式运输养分 ,开花后 2 4d以共质体运输方式为主。 相似文献
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以超级稻两优培九(两系杂交籼稻)、淮稻9号(粳稻)及高产品种汕优63(三系杂交籼稻)、扬辐粳8号(粳稻)为试材,通过盆栽种植试验,于抽穗至抽穗后10 d、抽穗后11~20 d分别进行低温和遮光处理,观察抽穗-灌浆期不同阶段低温、弱光胁迫对超级稻结实率和部分生理性状的影响。结果表明:低温或弱光胁迫显著降低4个水稻品种的结实率、剑叶光合速率、过氧化氢酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性、根干重、根系氧化活力和根系玉米素+玉米素核苷含量,增加剑叶丙二醛含量和过氧化物酶活性。低温与弱光对2个超级稻品种产量和生理性状的影响高于对照,20℃低温处理高于40%遮光处理,抽穗-抽穗后10 d时段高于抽穗后11~20 d时段。结果提示超级稻品种对温度和光照的反应较常规高产品种更为敏感,保证结实期特别是开花灌浆早期温光条件对超级稻灌浆尤为重要。 相似文献
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研究了抗涝小麦品种华麦８号和不抗涝小麦品种鄂恩１号对涝渍胁迫的比较生理学效应。结果表明：在淹水条件下，华麦８号的叶绿素和脯氨酸含量、酶促自由基清除系统的活性、根系活力均显著高于鄂恩１号，与之相反，鄂恩１号的丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量却明显高于华麦８号。这揭示抗涝基因型品种具有显著的生理表型效应。 相似文献
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小麦苗期和孕穗期涝渍的某些生理特性比较研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对两个不同耐涝性的小麦品种华麦８号和鄂恩１号在苗期和孕穗期遭受涝渍后的生理变化进行研究,结果表明：叶片叶绿素（ｃｈｌ）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性和根系活力均下降,而丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量上升,变化幅度为耐涝的华麦８号于不耐涝的鄂恩１号,差异达显著或极显著水平;叶片脯氨酸（ｐｒｏ）含量上升,但华麦８号的上升幅度极显著地高于鄂恩１号;两个品种的过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性变化的 相似文献
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<正> 信阳地区位于大别山北麓,淮河上游两岸,为北亚热带向北暖温带过渡区。气候多变,土壤理化性状不佳,耕作困难,湿涝严重,常发病害,对小麦生长发育利少弊多。在小麦溉浆盛期,高温高湿,昼夜温差小,直接影响小麦产量。1982年引进了小麦品种鄂恩一号。现将其生态反应与栽培要点概述如下:一、信阳地区生态环境与鄂恩一号的适应性信阳地区是我省一个小麦生态类型区。根据气象特点,要求选用耐晚播的小麦品种。经试验和生产实践证明,鄂恩一号具有 相似文献
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以耐弱光性不同的冬小麦品种‘扬麦158’(耐弱光品种)和‘扬麦11’(不耐弱光品种)为材料,研究了拔节至成熟期遮光对小麦籽粒淀粉积累量、茎中花前贮存果聚糖转运以及果聚糖代谢关键酶活性的影响。结果表明:拔节至成熟期遮光降低了小麦茎中花前贮存果聚糖的转运量,提高了贮存果聚糖对小麦淀粉产量的贡献率。遮光降低了小麦灌浆前中期茎中蔗糖∶蔗糖果糖基转移酶(SST)和果聚糖∶果聚糖果糖基转移酶(FFT)活性,不利于果聚糖积累,从而导致茎中可溶性碳水化合物积累量下降。遮光条件下灌浆中后期小麦茎中果聚糖外水解酶(FEH)活性下降,分解果聚糖向外转运的能力降低,故向籽粒中转运的量下降,最终导致小麦籽粒淀粉积累量显著降低。遮光33%时小麦籽粒淀粉积累量的下降幅度大于遮光22%,且‘扬麦11’的下降幅度大于‘扬麦158’。 相似文献
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Wen-qing ZHAO You WU Zahoor Rizwan You-hua WANG Yi-na MA Bing-lin CHEN Ya-li MENG Zhi-guo ZHOU 《农业科学学报》2018,17(5):1106-1119
Two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars, Kemian 1 (cool temperature-tolerant) and Sumian 15 (cool temperature-sensitive) were used to study the effects of cool temperature on carbohydrates, yield, and fiber quality in cotton bolls located at different fruiting positions (FP). Cool temperatures were created using late planting and low light. The experiment was conducted in 2010 and 2011 using two planting dates (OPD, the optimized planting date, 25 April; LPD, the late planting date, 10 June) and two shading levels of crop relative light rate (CRLR, 100 and 60%). Compared with fruiting position 1 (FP1), cotton yield and yield components (fiber quality, leaf sucrose and starch content, and fiber cellulose) were all decreased on FP3 under all treatments. Compared with OPD-CRLR 100%, other treatments (OPD-CRLR 60%, LPD-CRLR 100%, and LPD-CRLR 60%) had significantly decreased lint yield at both FPs of both cultivars, but especially at FP3 and in Sumian 15; this decrease was mainly caused by a large decline in boll number. All fiber quality indices decreased under late planting and shading except fiber length at FP1 with OPD-CRLR 60%, and a greater reduction was observed at FP3 and in Sumian 15. Sucrose content of the subtending leaf and fiber increased under LPD compared to OPD, whereas it decreased under CRLR 60% compared to CRLR 100%, which led to decreased fiber cellulose content. Therefore, shading primarily decreased the “source” sucrose content in the subtending leaf whereas late planting diminished translocation of sucrose towards cotton fiber. Notably, as planting date was delayed and light was decreased, more carbohydrates were distributed to leaf and bolls at FP1 than those at FP3, resulting in higher yield and better fiber quality at FP1, and a higher proportion of bolls and carbohydrates allocated at FP3 of Kemian 1 compared to that of Sumian 15. In conclusion, cotton yield and fiber quality were reduced less at FP1 compared to those at FP3 under low temperature and low light conditions. Thus, reduced cotton yield and fiber quality loss can be minimized by selecting low temperature tolerant cultivars under both low temperature and light conditions. 相似文献
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WEN Bing-xiao Sajad Hussain YANG Jia-yue WANG Shan ZHANG Yi QIN Si-si XU Mei YANG Wen-yu LIU Wei-guo 《农业科学学报》2020,19(10):2439-2450
The impact of increased shading stress on agronomic traits, photosynthetic performance and antioxidants activities in leaves of two soybeans cultivars(D16 and E93) was studied. Soybean seedlings were grown in pots and exposed to no shade(S0), slight shade(S1), moderate shade(S2), and heavy shade(S3). Our findings showed that under the S3 in both cultivars, leaf fresh weight(LFW), specific leaf area(SLA) and leaf thickness decreased significantly, accompanied by a reduction in photochemical parameters including the maximum quantum yield(F_v/F_m) and electron transport rate(ETR). Furthermore, compared to S0, S1 significantly increased the ETR, sucrose content and the activity of catalase(CAT) in both D16 and E93 cultivars while S2 and S3 decreased the activity. However, under all treatments of shading stress, the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) were lowered in both cultivars. Such morphological and physiological plasticity to adapt S1 compensates for the decrease in biomass and leads to seed weight compared to that obtained with an amount of normal light. Through configuring the space in the intercropping systems, S1 could be helpful for optimum growth and yield. Redesigning photosynthesis through S1 for the intercropping systems could be a smart approach. 相似文献
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为探讨弱光胁迫对谷子农艺性状、小米品质及蒸煮特性的影响，并为黄土高原低洼地带谷子种植提供理论数据，以长生13号为材料，2018—2019年重复调查其在4种遮光程度(正常自然光照为A1、遮光面积30%为A2、遮光面积50%为A3、遮光面积70%为A4)下的农艺性状、产量、干物质量、小米品质及蒸煮特性变化情况。结果表明：遮光程度的增加显著降低了谷子穗粗、穗重、穗粒重、单株干物质量和产量，其中A1处理与A4处理间的产量减幅2018年为1 695.11 kg·hm-2、2019年为1 774.95 kg·hm-2；相对叶绿素含量（SPAD）也是随着遮光程度的增加而降低，其中A4处理SPAD均值比A1处理2018年减小2.18、2019年减小2.68；而峰值粘度、直链淀粉、胶稠度、脂肪含量均是随着遮光程度的增加而先增后减。相关性分析表明，产量与遮光程度呈显著负相关，2018、2019年相关系数分别为-0.899、-0.917。 相似文献
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套作模式下播期对不同熟性大豆碳氮代谢及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在“小麦—玉米—大豆”套作模式下,研究了不同播期对不同熟性大豆碳氮代谢及产量的影响。结果表明,早播(5月底)导致3种不同熟性大豆产量的降低,而晚播(7月上旬)能提高早熟品种(浙春3号)的产量,6月上中旬播种则能提高中熟品种(乐豆1号)和晚熟品种(贡选1号)的产量。 但3个品种中又以贡选1号的产量最高。究其原因,是由于晚熟品种生育期长,通过播期的调整,能缩短与玉米的生殖生长共生期,从而减轻生育前期玉米植株对其造成的弱光伤害,延长后期的独立生长期,整个生育期内,植株的碳氮代谢能力强,可溶性糖、淀粉和氮的含量以及蔗糖磷酸合成酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性都保持在较高的水平,且变化趋势朝着利于产量形成的方向发展,从而保证了高产。试验得出的最优组合为贡选1号在6月15日至6月22日播种。 相似文献
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抽穗后光照强度对超级杂交稻干物质生产及氮素吸收与分配的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以超级杂交稻,普通杂交稻、高产常规稻3种不同类型中稻品种为研究材料,采用齐穗后遮光(70%)和不遮光两种处理方式,研究了光强变化对超级杂交稻干物质生产和氮素营养吸收与分配的影响,以揭示超级杂交稻产量稳定性较差的原因。结果表明,遮光处理后:①超级杂交稻干物质生产累积量大幅度减少,干物质分配到穗中的比率仅为32.1%,低于其他类型品种;②超级杂交稻谷粒氮总积累量降幅达33.9%,氮收获指数下降12.3%,而普通杂交稻和常规稻分别只降低19.8%和26.9%;③超级杂交稻产量下降幅度为53.1%,显著低于常规稻和普通杂交稻品种。 相似文献
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遮阴对夏玉米茎秆形态结构和倒伏的影响 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
【目的】在太阳辐射不断减少的气候条件下,探讨遮阴（弱光胁迫）对夏玉米茎秆形态及其显微结构的影响。【方法】以登海605（DH605）和郑单958（ZD958）为试验材料,大田条件下设置花粒期遮阴（S1）、穗期遮阴（S2）、全生育期遮阴（S3）3个处理,遮光度为60%,以自然光为对照（CK）,研究弱光胁迫对夏玉米茎秆性状及其倒伏的影响。【结果】遮阴后夏玉米株高、穗位高和叶面积指数,地上第3茎节长、茎节横截面积、茎秆穿刺强度均显著降低,且遮阴时期对其影响表现为S1＜S2＜S3;DH605和ZD958的茎秆穿刺强度分别较对照降低22.23%和24.41%。茎秆硬皮组织厚度和维管束数目及中央大维管束面积、木质部面积、韧皮部面积较对照也显著降低,田间倒伏率显著升高,全生育期遮阴两品种倒伏率分别高达36.5%和24.7%。遮阴后空秆率增加,收获穗数、穗粒数显著降低,产量下降,减产幅度表现为S3＞S1＞S2。【结论】夏玉米生长期内光照不足影响产量形成,改变植株形态,通过降低基部节间长度、粗度、穿刺强度和茎秆硬皮组织厚度,减少维管束数目,降低茎秆抗倒伏性能,且花前遮阴对田间倒伏率的影响大于花后遮阴。 相似文献
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Chen-Jing HAN Qi WANG Hong-bao ZHANG Shou-hai WANG Hua-dong SONG Jian-mei HAO He-zhong DONG 《农业科学学报》2018,17(7):1631-1640
Tree peony seed is unique for its super-high content of unsaturated fatty acid and is thus considered as an important source of woody oil. However, photosynthetic production is greatly reduced under high light intensity and air temperature during the seed filling period, which negatively affects seed yield and quality. The objective of this study was to determine if appropriate shading improves yield and quality of seed in oilseed peony. In this study, oilseed peony trees were shaded by different density polyethylene nets from four weeks after flowering to harvest stages to form light, moderate, and severe shadings, equivalent to about 80, 40, and 20% of full solar exposure, respectively. The effects of different shadings on some physiological parameters, yield and yield components, and nutritional composition of seed were examined. Averaged across two years, light shading increased the actual net photosynthetic rate (Pn) by 16.8%, the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) by 81.4%, chlorophyll (Chl) content by 52.8%, auxin (IAA) content by 38.1%, and gibberellic acid (GA3) content in leaves by 6.3%; it decreased the accumulation of H2O2 in leaves by 24.8%, malondialdehyde (MDA) by 22%, and endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) by 8.8%, indicating that leaf senescence in late season was considerably delayed. Light shading increased seed yield, and contents of crude fat and unsaturated fatty acids by 9.7, 5.6, and 9.6%, respectively, while moderate or severe shading significantly reduced all the three parameters. Light shading increased seed weight, but moderate or severe shading reduced seed weight or follicle density. The improved seed yield under light shading was mainly due to increased seed weight, while the reduced seed yield under moderate or severe shading was mainly attributed to reduce follicle density and seed weight. The improved seed weight and content of unsaturated fatty acids under light shading was possibly due to the delayed leaf senescence. The overall results indicated that light shading is beneficial to yield and quality parameters of seed in oilseed peony. Cultivating oilseed peony under a light shading environments such as partially closed forests would better increase total output and income per unit land area than that under full solar exposure. 相似文献
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[目的]研究长期弱光对冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）群体光合速率（CAP）以及上3叶特别是旗叶光合特性的影响。[方法]以耐弱光性不同的冬小麦品种扬麦158和扬麦11为材料,设不遮光（S0）、从拔节至成熟期遮去小麦冠层自然光强的22%（S1）和33%（S2）3个处理,测定小麦CAP、上3叶的光合速率（Pn）、旗叶叶绿素含量以及籽粒产量。[结果]扬麦158和扬麦11 CAP随遮光强度的增强而显著下降;长期弱光下,旗叶Pn显著下降,倒2叶Pn无明显变化,而倒3叶Pn则显著上升,从而部分地补偿了旗叶Pn的降低。该补偿效应因遮光强度和品种而异：S1处理的补偿效应大于S2处理,扬麦158的补偿效应大于扬麦11。在旗叶光合速率高值持续期内,长期遮光降低了扬麦158和扬麦11总叶绿素、叶绿素a和b的含量,以及叶绿素a/b值。[结论]弱光下,旗叶叶绿素a含量以及叶绿素a/b值下降引起其Pn显著降低,从而使得CAP明显降低,最终导致籽粒产量显著下降。该研究可为长江中下游地区的小麦生产提供重要的理论依据。 相似文献