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1.
复合生物杀虫剂防治思茅松毛虫的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用白僵菌、苏云金杆菌、马尾松毛虫质型多角体病毒 (DCPV)和 15 %保丰等 4种杀虫剂对 2～ 3龄思茅松毛虫幼虫进行了毒力测定。并通过林间正交试验设计筛选出了复合生物杀虫剂最佳组合A3 B1C3 D1,即白僵菌 1 4× 10 6孢子·ml-1+苏云金杆菌 1 6× 10 8孢子·ml-1+DCPV 5× 10 6PIB·ml-1+15 %保丰 4 0 0 0倍液。研究表明在复合杀虫剂中保丰、苏云金杆菌对防治效果有显著影响。林间大面积防治试验表明 ,复合杀虫剂的防治效果优于单一生物杀虫剂 相似文献
2.
喜树幽斑螟防治技术研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
喜树幽斑螟是喜树的一种新害虫。该虫的综合防治应以生物防治为基础。试验表明,复合生物杀虫剂对幼虫有良好防治效果,低龄幼虫盛发期可喷洒Bt-8010 1-2×109孢子·ml-1+白僵菌1-2×108孢子·ml-1+80%DDVP1/20000;冬季树干涂白也有良好防治效果。 相似文献
3.
以绿僵菌素A(DxtA)和绿僵菌素B(DxtB)的产量为指标,分析了僵菌属5个种15个菌株液体培养的产毒素能力差异,确定了高产毒素优良菌株,并拟合了高产毒菌株在摇瓶条件下的产毒素动态.结果表明,不同种绿僵菌间的产毒素能力差异极显著(P<0.01),黄绿绿僵菌(Metarhizium flavoviride)、戴氏绿僵菌(M. taii)和蚱蜢绿僵菌(M. acridum)均不产生毒素,鳞腮绿僵菌(M. lepidiotae)可产少量毒素,金龟子绿僵菌(M. anisopliae)产毒素能力最强,其中M19的DxtA产量最高(144.12 μg·mL-1), M25菌株的DxtB产量最高(65.31 μg·mL-1);M25菌株的综合表现最佳;M25菌株在液体摇瓶培养条件下DxtA产量经SPSS拟合,符合Logist模型:Y=84.99/(1+11.82×e-0.3X),即前4 d是营养生长,毒素分泌量较少,4 d后生物量维持平衡,第5天起毒素产量进入指数增长期,9 d后毒素产量进入平台期. 相似文献
4.
从福建省南平市桔蚜虫尸上分离的一株镰刀菌 ,病原鉴定为镰刀菌属 (FusariumLinkexFn)的砖红镰孢 (FusariumlateritiumNees .)。病原菌在PDA培养基上生长旺盛 ,10～ 3 5℃均可生长 ,生长适宜温度为 2 0～2 6℃ ,2 5℃下培养 3d后可产孢。分生孢子萌发最适宜温度为 2 0～ 2 5℃ ,最适宜的相对湿度为 96%～ 10 0 %。对桔蚜若虫的毒力测定表明 ,砖红镰孢对桔蚜具有较强的致病力 ,其LC50 为 2 71× 10 7个孢子·L- 1 ,LT50 为2 2 1～ 6 3 4d(在 1 0× 10 1 1 ～ 1 0× 10 7个孢子·L- 1 浓度下 )。用砖红镰孢菌液田间防治桔蚜 ,死亡率达91 80 %。 相似文献
5.
油桐鹰尺蠖Biston suppressaria (Guenée) 是一种杂食性食叶害虫,近年来在速生桉树林分中大
面积发生,造成较大的损失。文中研究了不同来源金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae 菌株生长与产孢
特性及对油桐鹰尺蠖幼虫的致病力,旨在筛选出高效防治该虫的生物资源。试验结果表明：不同来源的
绿僵菌菌株间菌落生长速度和产孢量差异显著,MaZPTR-01 菌株15 d 的菌落直径为6.5 cm,显著较其它
菌株大;MaFZ-13 和MaZPTR-01 菌株培养15 d 产孢量最高,分别为1.33×108 孢子· cm-2 和1.28×108 孢
子· cm-2。致病力测定结果表明：不同菌株对油桐鹰尺蠖幼虫的致病力存在显著差异,其中接种MaFZ-13
和MaZPTR-01 菌株的幼虫校正死亡率、僵虫率均较其它菌株高,接种后15 d 幼虫校正死亡率分别达到
94.5%、92.7%,僵虫率分别为75%、61.7%;这2 个菌株的致死中时（LT50）显著比其它菌株短,分别为
4.34 和4.52 d。绿僵菌MaFZ-13 和MaZPTR-01 菌株对油桐鹰尺蠖幼虫的致病力强,且具有良好的生产性
状,可作为该虫的生物防治资源进一步开发应用。 相似文献
6.
长江中上游防护林体系工程林生物量及生产力计量评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对长防林 (川江部分 )一期工程林所涉及的六个流域不同工程林类型的定位测定 ,结合林地生物量及生长监测资料 ,较为全面地对一期工程林生物量及生产力进行了计量评价研究。结果表明 :一期工程所造 2 4 4.6× 1 0 4hm2 森林 ,单位面积生物量为 1 7.38t/hm2～ 2 2 .91 t/hm2 ,平均值为 2 0 .4 3t/hm2 ,净生产力为 2 .0 5t/hm2· a～ 2 .34 t/hm2·a,平均值为 2 .2 2 t/hm2 · a。其中 ,针叶林、阔叶林、小灌木林、草地单位面积生物量分别为 2 2 .0 0 0 t/hm2、2 5.370 t/hm2、7.677t/hm2、9.1 30 t/hm2 ,平均净生产力分别为 2 .390 t/hm2· a、2 .756t/hm2 · a、1 .535t/hm2 · a、9.1 30 t/hm2 · a。一期工程林总生物量已达 4 1 1 9.9× 1 0 4t,其中长江上干流、沱江、涪江、嘉陵江、渠江、金沙江分别为 886.76× 1 0 4t、4 36.62× 1 0 4t、661 .70×1 0 4t、81 9.66× 1 0 4t、799.86× 1 0 4t、51 5.32× 1 0 4t 相似文献
7.
溶剂置换材和气干材气体渗透性的比较研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
对杉木、马尾松各 5株生材进行了不同体积分数的酒精、丙酮和戊烷溶剂逐级过渡置换及气干 ,并通过水上升置换法对溶剂置换材和气干材的心材和边材流体渗透性进行了测定与分析。结果显示 :杉木和马尾松溶剂置换材的总体平均渗透性比气干材的渗透性高。杉木溶剂置换干燥生材心材为 2 1 6× 1 0 - 1 2m3·m- 1 ,气干材心材为 0 .1 1× 1 0 - 1 2 m3·m- 1 ,前者是后者的 1 9.7倍 ;杉木溶剂置换干燥生材边材为 4.72×1 0 - 1 2 m3·m- 1 ,气干材边材为 0 .99× 1 0 - 1 2 m3·m- 1 ,前者是后者的 4.7倍 ;马尾松溶剂置换干燥生材心材为 0 3 9× 1 0 - 1 2 m3·m- 1 ,气干材心材为 0 1 7× 1 0 - 1 2 m3·m- 1 ,前者是后者的 2 3倍 ;马尾松溶剂置换干燥生材边材为5 3 1× 1 0 - 1 2 m3·m- 1 ,气干材边材为 0 84× 1 0 - 1 2 m3·m- 1 ,前者是后者的 6 3倍。气干材和溶剂置换材的边材渗透性均大于对应的心材渗透性。溶剂置换对渗透性的影响 ,边材比心材明显。无论是杉木还是马尾松 ,较之于气干材 ,溶剂置换使得边材的渗透性均有较大程度的提高 ,而心材的渗透性 ,多数试材有一定程度的提高 ,少数则变化很小或有一定降低。 相似文献
8.
9.
白僵菌生产工艺规范化技术的研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
通过对白僵菌不同工艺技术生产菌粉产孢量比较研究 ,筛选出工艺规范化生产各环节的最优组合技术参数 ,提出二级液体 (7%麦皮煮出液 )和三级固体培养基 (麦皮∶谷壳 =9∶1)及其液固接种量 (1∶1)最适配方 ,并确定前 3d三级固体开放培养发酵最适温度为 18～ 2 2℃、相对湿度为 95 %～ 10 0 % ,还总结出以二级液体振荡培养 6 0h接种 ,三级固体发酵培养 7～10d ,可获得最优质的菌粉 ,平均含孢量达 2 0 0× 10 8个·g-1以上 ,缩短生产周期 1/3 ,降低生产成本 ,增加菌厂经济收益 ,为菌厂大量生产提供参数依据。 相似文献
10.
杨树纸浆林造林模式的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为优化杨树小径材纸浆林模式,采用多分子的正交试验方法,通过对试验数据的统计分析和比较,筛选出较理想的纸浆林模式为:①立地条件中上等:A2B1C2———美洲黑杨·1666株/hm2·1m×6m·集约经营·6年主伐;A3B1C2———欧美杨·1666株/hm2·1m×6m·集约经营·6年主伐。②立地条件稍差:A2B2C2———美洲黑杨·1111株/hm2·1.5m×6m·集约经营·7年主伐;A3B2C2———欧美杨·1111株/hm2·1.5m×6m·集约经营·7年主伐。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
18.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
19.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):166-178
This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes. 相似文献