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1.
为研究木薯茎和叶的挥发油成分,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用方法对其化学成分进行分析,鉴定了茎的挥发油中25个成分和叶挥发油中22个成分,分别占总挥发油含量的83.53%和83.46%。其中茎挥发油主要成分为棕榈酸(31.39%)、油酸(8.94%)、亚油酸(5.57%),叶挥发油主要成分为棕榈酸(16.85%)、植醇(15.02%)、异植醇(11.21%)。用滤纸片琼脂扩散法测定茎和叶挥发油的抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性和抗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MASA)活性,结果表明:茎的挥发油具有抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性;叶的挥发油具有抗MASA活性。细胞毒活性结果表明,茎的挥发油对人慢性髓原白血病细胞K562有显著细胞毒活性,其IC50值为7.0μg/mL。 相似文献
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采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取墨兰品种‘企黑’花蕾期、盛花期和末花期的花朵精油,并进行GC-MS检测。结果表明:墨兰精油中共鉴定化合物58种,其中花蕾期、盛花期和末花期分别为37、38和32种。花蕾期精油主要成分为棕榈酸、亚油酸、己醛、(E)-2-庚烯醛、2-正戊基呋喃和多种烷烃;盛花期精油主要成分为棕榈酸、亚油酸、1,2,3,4-四氢-1,1,6-三甲基萘、壬醛、茶香螺烷和多种烷烃;末花期精油的主要成分为棕榈酸、亚油酸、茶香螺烷、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、己醛、正十五烷酸、2-正戊基呋喃和多种烷烃。盛花期含有叶醇、2,5-二甲基己-5-烯-3-炔-2-醇、二氢-β-紫罗兰酮、3-蒈烯和Megastigma-4,6(E),8(E)-三烯等特有的成分,而beta-紫罗兰酮、茶香螺烷和1,2,3,4-四氢-1,1,6-三甲基萘在盛花期的含量也急剧增加,这些化合物可能与墨兰‘企黑’的花香密切相关。 相似文献
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利用气相色谱-质谱联用的方法(GC-MS)对澳洲坚果幼叶的挥发性成分进行了定性定量分析。在不同极性的色谱柱和不同程序性的升温条件下,采用正己烷和乙酸乙酯对澳洲坚果幼叶进行分步萃取,分离鉴定出45种挥发性成分,包括烃及其衍生物27种,酮3种,醛2种,醇3种,酸2种,酯8种共六大类物质。其中,不饱和脂肪酸(亚麻酸、棕榈酸)、植物甾醇、酚类等物质,不仅具有一定的营养价值,还具有降血压血脂、抗氧化抗癌等保健功能。 相似文献
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牛大力藤叶脂溶性成分的GC-MS分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用气相色谱一质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对牛大力藤叶片脂溶性成分进行分析测定,并结合计算机检索技术对其成分进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量.结果显示,共鉴定了41个化学成分(除豆甾醇外,其余40个化学成分在该植物中属首次报道),其相对含量为81.22%.其中含量较高的成分依次为维生素E(11.52%)、亚麻酸乙酯(10.26%)、γ-谷甾醇(8.53%)、棕榈酸乙酯(8.23%)、叶绿醇(7.00%)、亚麻酸甲酯(5.04%)、亚油酸乙酯(4.13%)、亚油酸(4.09%)和植二烯(3.89%). 相似文献
6.
测定一株香蕉内生细菌BEB99发酵液的石油醚和乙酸乙酯粗提物对香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种的(FOC4)菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响,并测定粗提物中的主要成分。研究结果表明：其发酵液的石油醚和乙酸乙酯粗提物对香蕉枯萎病菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发均具有明显抑制作用,可造成病菌菌丝的畸形,抗菌物质浓度为1.67 mg/mL时,其孢子萌发抑制率分别达到92.99%和82.96%。GC/MS分析从粗提物中鉴定到18个成分,其中主要成分包括油酸(14.98%)、油酸乙酯(11.38%)、亚麻油酸乙酯(14.86%)、亚油酸(13.20%)、棕榈酸(11.36%)和棕榈酸乙酯(11.26%),及一个未知化学成分。 相似文献
7.
超临界CO2萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用分析糯米香茶中的挥发油 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用超临界CO2萃取糯米香茶(Teucrium manghuaense)叶片的挥发性成分,经毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析,鉴定其中的43种挥发性化合物,用气相色谱峰面积归-法测定各组分的相对百分含量.结果表明,其主要成分为角鲨烯(39.4%)、亚麻酸(20.5%)、丁香酚(14.7%)、叶绿醇(7.89%)、棕榈酸(4.8l%)、γ-衣兰油烯(3.36%)和4-(4,5-二甲基苯基)-哌啶(1.29%)等.本研究旨在为进一步开发利用糯米香茶资源提供科学依据. 相似文献
8.
以香露兜（Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.）不同叶位叶片组织为材料,采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术对其挥发性成分进行鉴定,揭示不同叶位挥发性成分组成变化规律。结果表明：香露兜8个不同叶位叶片挥发性成分由呋喃酮类、吡咯类、呋喃类等10类21种物质组成,3-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮、新植二烯、2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉、叶绿醇、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、2,4-二叔丁基酚、羟基丙酮、棕榈酸乙酯和亚油酸乙酯9种共有物质的含量均存在极显著差异（P<0.001）。其中,特征挥发性物质2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉平均含量为(94.00±36.66)μg/g,倒5叶位含量最高(122.99±3.48)μg/g,倒1至倒8叶位整体呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。主成分分析结果表明,倒1叶位主要挥发性成分为3-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮、棕榈酸乙酯和甲酸庚酯,倒2、3和4叶位主要挥发性成分为叶绿醇、2-丁基-1-辛醇、3-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮、2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、新植二烯、角鲨烯、棕榈酸乙酯、亚油酸乙酯和2,4-二叔丁基酚,倒5叶位主要挥发性成分为2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃和角鲨烯;倒6、7、8叶位主要挥发性成分为角鲨烯、新植二烯、2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉和羟基丙酮。香露兜不同叶位挥发性物质组成及含量存在一定差异,将为其标准化采收提供理论依据。 相似文献
9.
采用 SPME/GC-MS法对4个龙眼品种果实香气成分进行了分析鉴定。结果表明，4个龙眼品种共检测出44种芳香物质，其中烷类11种，烯类18种，酯类10种，醇类3种，酮类1种，炔类1种，它们构成4种龙眼主要的香气成分。4个龙眼品种在香气组成和含量上有所差异，储良、东良、东丰、石硖中分别含有25种、24种、26种、21 种香气成分。其中，4种龙眼共有的香气成分有7种：分别是十七烷、罗勒烯(顺式)、罗勒烯(反式)、别罗勒烯、1,3,8-对-薄荷三烯、α-石竹烯、(E)-β-金合欢烯，但其相对含量都有所差异；此外，各品种也具有自己独特的香气成分，如储良特有的香气成分有9种：包括十六烷、2-甲基-4-亚甲基-5 -(2,2-二甲基环丙基)-1-戊烯、5-环丙基戊酸乙酯、二十酸乙酯、棕榈酸乙酯、9-十六碳烯酸乙酯、香叶基芳樟醇、芳樟醇、2,7-二甲基-3-辛烯-5-炔；东丰特有的3种：包括1-碘十一烷、反式，反式-法尼基酸甲酯、2-羟基十二烷酸甲酯；石硖特有的4种：包括十一烷、(-)-异丁香烯、1,3,3-三甲基-2-乙基环己烯、喇叭茶醇；东良没有特有的香气成分。 相似文献
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用水蒸气蒸馏法提取玉米须中的挥发油,采用气相色谱—质谱(GC-MS)联用技术,鉴定出59种化合物,其中主要的化学成分有棕榈酸(17.45%)、乙酸乙酯(7.56%)、2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚(5.62%)、糠醛(4.91%)、亚油酸乙酯(3.79%)、5-甲基糠醛(2.75%)、正壬酸(2.62%)、糠醇(2.12%)、香草醛(2.01%)、苯乙醇(1.65%)、苯乙醛(1.54%)、正庚酸(1.48%)、正己酸(1.42%)、六氢金合欢基丙酮(1.32%)、正十五酸(1.29%)和月桂酸(1.02%)。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献