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新型能源植物续随子的核型分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
采用根尖压片法对新型能源植物续随子(Euphorbia lathyris L.)的染色体数目及核型进行了研究。结果显示，续随子染色体数目为2n =20，核型公式K(2n) = 2x =20 = 18m＋2m(SAT)，相对长度组成为4L+4M2+8M1+4S，核型分类属Stebbins的1B型，核型不对称系数57.973%。另外在续随子第5对染色体上观察到一对随体。 相似文献
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海南霸王岭卷萼兜兰种群分布格局研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用样方调查法对霸王岭卷萼兜兰进行调查,采用扩散系数C、CA指标、平均拥挤度M*、丛生指标I、聚块性指数M*/M、负二项指标K等聚集度指标研究卷萼兜兰种群的分布格局类型与聚集强度。结果表明：霸王岭卷萼兜兰所处群落以黄牛奶树、纤枝蒲桃等为优势树种;不同取样尺度下,卷萼兜兰种群的分布格局类型均表现为聚集分布;其在1 m×1 m小取样尺度下聚集强度较强。并对卷萼兜兰种群格局在各种因素影响下的变化原因进行了讨论,认为卷萼兜兰种群格局呈聚集分布的最主要原因是由其本身的生物特性决定。 相似文献
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对3个甘蔗与斑茅远缘杂交后代BC1进行真实性鉴定及染色体核型分析,以探讨甘蔗与斑茅BC1的染色体传递方式。利用2对鉴定斑茅真实杂交后代的特异引物对3个甘蔗与斑茅BC1进行鉴定,采用根尖分生区细胞去壁低渗涂片法制片,显微拍照计数染色体数目,并进行染色体核型分析。3个BC1材料均为斑茅的真实杂交后代,崖城01-69体细胞染色体核型公式为2n＝121＝120 m+1 sm,其染色体按2n+n方式传递;崖城01-116的体细胞染色体核型公式为2n＝122＝118 m+4 sm,其染色体传递方式为2n+n;崖城01-134的体细胞染色体核型公式为2n＝121＝120 m+1 sm,其染色体传递为2n+n。推断甘蔗与斑茅BC1的染色体以2n+n的方式传递。 相似文献
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七份苎麻野生资源的核型及Giemsa C-带带型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验采用 F- BSG法制备染色体标本 ,对七份苎麻野生材料进行染色体核型及 Giemsa C-带带型研究。结果表明 :七份材料中 1 - 1、1 - 2的染色体数目众多 ,分别为 5 6和 42 ,其余 5份材料为 2 8,均为近端着丝点型 ,核型公式 1 - 1为 2 n=5 6 =5 6 st,1 - 2为 2 n=42 =42 st,其余 5份材料均为 2 n=2 8=2 8st。臂指数均大于 75 % ,N.F.值与染色体条数相等 ,1 - 1 ,1 - 2 ,1 - 3的染色体长度比大于 2 ,核型属 4B类型 ,2 -1 ,2 - 2 ,2 - 3,2 - 4的染色体长度比小于 2 ,核型属于 4A类型。 Giemsa C-带带型单一 ,长臂均为着丝点带 ,且染色区段较长 ,短臂均为全带。染色体相对长度组成 1 - 1、1- 2、1 - 3的分别为 2 n=5 6 =8L 1 6 M2 2 2 M1 1 0 S、2 n=42 =2 L 2 2 M2 1 4M1 4S、2 n=2 8=2 L 1 4M2 6 M1 6 S,其余 4份材料均为 2 n=2 8=2 L 1 2 M2 1 2 M1 2 S。本文还对苎麻染色体的基数进行了探讨。 相似文献
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本试验采用F-BSG法制备染色体标本,对七份苎麻野生材料进行染色体核型及Giemsa C-带带型研究.结果表明:七份材料中1-1、1-2的染色体数目众多,分别为56和42,其余5份材料为28,均为近端着丝点型,核型公式1-1为2n=56=56st,1-2为2n=42=42st,其余5份材料均为2n=28=28st.臂指数均大于75%,N.F.值与染色体条数相等,1-1,1-2,1-3的染色体长度比大于2,核型属4B类型,2-1,2-2,2-3,2-4的染色体长度比小于2,核型属于4A类型.Giemsa C-带带型单一,长臂均为着丝点带,且染色区段较长,短臂均为全带.染色体相对长度组成1-1、1-2、1-3的分别为2n=56=8L+16M2+22M1+10S、2n=42=2L+22M2+14M1+4S、2n=28=2L+14M2+6M1+6S,其余4份材料均为2n=28=2L+12M2+12M1+2S.本文还对苎麻染色体的基数进行了探讨. 相似文献
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特用油料植物紫罗兰核型和减数分裂的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
特用油料植物紫罗兰［Matthiolaincana（L．）B．Br．］核型和减数分裂的研究结果表明;紫罗兰的染色体组分（2n）由3对中部着丝点,4对亚中部着丝点染色体组成。核型公式为2n＝14＝6m＋8sm。减数分裂的终变期7条二价体的构型明显,是环状、棒状和十字形等。到中期Ⅰ棒状二价体增多,环状二价体减少。后期Ⅰ、Ⅱ均观察到染色体桥。 相似文献
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新疆杂草黑麦染色体核型分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了对新疆杂草黑麦的种质鉴定、起源分析、良种培育和遗传多样性研究提供依据,采用常规压片法制片结合显微摄影技术,分析了3个新疆杂草黑麦居群和1个栽培黑麦品种的核型并比较他们的异同点.结果表明,四种黑麦材料的染色体均为二倍体,染色体数目为14,不同材料之间染色体形态具有丰富的多态性.新疆杂草黑麦居群89R4的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=14=12m+ 2sm,除第7对为近中着丝粒染色体外,其余染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体,核型不对称系数为61.70％,核型类型为1A型,属于基本对称型.新疆杂草黑麦居群89R14的核型公式为2n=2x=14=8m+ 6sm(2sat),除第5、6、7对为近中着丝粒染色体外,其余染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体,其第7对染色体具有随体,核型不对称系数为60.88％,核型类型为2A型,属于基本对称型.新疆杂草黑麦居群89R60的核型公式为2n=2x=14=14m(2sat),其全部染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体,第3对染色体具有随体,核型不对称系数为60.47％,核型类型为1A型,属于基本对称型.栽培黑麦材料H36的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+ 4sm,除第5、6对为近中着丝粒染色体外,其余染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体,核型不对称系数为61.20％,核型类型为1A型,属于基本对称型. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献