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控释尿素与普通尿素混施对大豆农艺性状及产量和品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
按尿素种类和施肥量共设6个处理,研究控释尿素和普通尿素混施对大豆农艺性状及产量和品质的影响。结果表明:控释尿素和普通尿素混施能够提高大豆不同生育期的株高和干物质积累量,且T6(控释尿素100%)提高最多。从R2到R6时期,叶绿素含量逐渐增加,R4和R2期施肥各处理与对照相比差异达到显著水平,处理T4(控释尿素50%+常规尿素50%)叶绿素值最高,但各施肥处理间差异不显著;叶面积指数(LAI)值先增大后减小,R4时期最大,施肥处理LAI显著高于不施肥对照,且以处理T4最佳。控释尿素和普通尿素混施极显著提高了大豆的产量,且以T4处理产量最高。控释尿素不同比例混施能够提高蛋白质含量,降低脂肪含量,并使蛋脂总量增加。综合试验结果可知,控释尿素50%+常规尿素50%为最佳混施比例。 相似文献
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无公害施肥对水稻病虫草害发生及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以水稻品种F-2000为材料,进行了施用不同肥料防治水稻病虫草害、提高产量的技术的研究。在每公顷施氮195 kg、一次性全层施肥的同一条件下,设尿素、氮磷钾复合肥、BB硅肥、生物有机肥、生物有机肥+尿素、畜粪等6种肥料处理,以不施肥为对照。结果表明:与单施无机肥尿素和氮磷钾复合肥相比,BB硅肥、畜粪的处理对水稻主要病虫害稻纵卷叶螟有较好的控制作用,与不施肥无显著差异。与施用生物有机肥、生物有机肥+尿素和对照相比,施用畜粪和氮磷钾复合肥处理的杂草密度显著降低。与对照相比,所有施肥处理产量均有较大提高。 相似文献
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配施氨基酸水溶肥对旱作区马铃薯干物质积累及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
定西市是全国马铃薯种植大市,属典型旱作农业区,由于多年来忽视微肥的配合施用,导致马铃薯种植中施肥不平衡,产量低且不稳现象愈加严重。为探讨氨基酸水溶肥在旱作马铃薯种植中的使用效果,通过田间试验,研究了氨基酸水溶肥和氮磷钾肥配合施用对马铃薯干物质积累的影响及增产效应。结果表明,配施处理全株鲜重最大值较单施氨基酸水溶肥处理最大值增加35.00%～60.23%,较单施复合肥处理最大值增加11.70%～42.87%。以配合施用处理A5+H(水溶肥拌种+水溶肥喷施2次+混合肥1 471 kg/hm~2)的地上、地下及全株干物质积累量为最高,地上茎叶、地下块茎和全株干物质最大值分别达99.50,252.00和321.78 g/株。配合施用处理较单施水溶肥和单施复合肥处理增产幅度分别在25.80%～79.45%和10.72%～57.98%,最高产量亦表现在A5+H处理中,产量达到52 960 kg/hm~2,分别较单施水溶肥处理和单施复合肥处理增产23 453和19 437 kg/hm~2,且与单施处理均呈现极显著差异。综合来看,氨基酸水溶肥和氮磷钾肥配施,能够有效提高马铃薯地上茎叶和块茎的鲜重、干物质积累量,提高块茎产量。 相似文献
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依托在黄土高原半干旱旱农区建立的不同培肥措施的田间定位试验,以不施肥(NA)为对照,研究4个等氮量的不同培肥措施单施化肥(CF)、单施商品有机肥(SM)、商品有机肥+化肥(SC)和单施玉米秸秆(MS)对旱作玉米水氮利用效率及经济效益的影响。结果表明,单施化肥和有机无机配施显著提高了玉米产量及水氮利用效率,与不施肥相比,单施化肥和商品有机肥+化肥配施处理子粒产量、生物产量和水分利用效率分别增加了148.8%、136.5%、70.8%和105.7%、70.8%、81.6%。与单施化肥相比,商品有机肥+化肥、单施商品有机肥、单施玉米秸秆处理氮肥农学利用效率和氮肥偏生产力分别降低了20.37%、83.97%、12.19%和50.18%、73.78%、44.14%。单施化肥处理和施商品有机肥+化肥处理均可提高玉米产量、生长期耗水量、水分利用效率、氮肥农学利用效率和氮肥偏生产力,施商品有机肥+化肥产投比低于单施化肥。 相似文献
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半干旱区马铃薯高产栽培技术集成 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《中国马铃薯》2015,(6)
在半干旱区全膜双垄垄播栽培技术模式下,用‘青薯9号’脱毒种薯,在常规施肥基础上增施有机生物菌肥,并采用病虫害综合防治等技术措施,对其田间表现、产量和水分利用效率进行了研究。结果表明,马铃薯覆膜栽培较露地栽培的出苗期、现蕾期和开花期均提前5~6 d。各覆膜处理的出苗率均高于对照,但无显著性差异。施用马铃薯专用肥675 kg/hm~2基础上增施有机生物菌肥675 kg/hm~2和采用病虫害综合防治的处理株高显著高于其他各处理,除2个处理外各覆膜处理茎粗均显著高于对照。各处理均未见花叶病、卷叶病;早疫病和晚疫病发病级数较轻。施用马铃薯专用肥675 kg/hm~2基础上增施有机生物菌肥675 kg/hm~2和采用病虫害综合防治处理的商品薯率和产量最高,各覆膜处理平均产量极显著高于对照。土壤水分利用效率(WUE)以施用马铃薯专用肥675 kg/hm~2基础上增施有机生物菌肥675 kg/hm~2和采用病虫害综合防治处理最高,各覆膜处理极显著高于对照。 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。 相似文献
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R. W. Summers 《Crop Protection》1989,8(6):451-454
One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed. 相似文献
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以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象,采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究,并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带,其中有37条多态带,多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果,在遗传距离为0.35时,12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类,第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体;第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体;第3类为浙江、广东种源个体;第4类为江西、福建种源个体;第5类为广西种源个体。此结果 相似文献
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Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed. 相似文献
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为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。 相似文献