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戊唑醇等四种杀菌剂防治花生冠腐病应用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法分别测定了4种杀菌剂对花生冠腐病(Peanut crown rot)致病菌黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger v.Tiegh.)的毒力。结果表明:4种药剂中咪鲜胺、戊唑醇对菌丝生长表现明显的抑制作用,其EC50分别为0.01、0.03mg/L,其次为醚菌酯、多.福(1∶1),EC50依次为0.13、0.24mg/L;另外,咪鲜胺、戊唑醇、醚菌酯、多.福对花生冠腐病孢子萌发均有明显的抑制作用,其EC50依次为0.01、0.02、0.09和0.11mg/L。温室盆栽试验中,播种期、团棵期接菌后对照发病率分别为97.50%、92.50%,且四种药剂处理后的病情指数明显低于对照,防效接近或在90%以上。田间防治试验结果表明,戊唑醇在播种期、团棵期处理防效均最高,分别为80.63%和77.48%,同时,从对花生产量影响来看,团棵期比播种期施药后增产率高,其中团棵期施用戊唑醇增产率最高为7.01%。因此,建议选用戊唑醇于花生团棵期灌墩施用防治冠腐病,以减轻其危害,提高花生产量。 相似文献
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为筛选对金龟甲卵毒力高、持续控制效果好的药剂,采用毒土法测定了几种代表性药剂对铜绿丽金龟卵的毒力及对不同发育时期卵的毒力差异,并评价了药剂对卵的持续杀卵作用及综合控制效果。结果表明,虫酰肼的杀卵活性最高,LC_(50)为8.620 mg/kg,噻虫胺、吡虫啉和噻虫嗪次之,LC_(50)分别为15.776、19.249和22.669 mg/kg,毒力均高于常用药剂辛硫磷;而氯虫苯甲酰胺和氟虫腈的毒力较低。药剂对不同时期卵毒力以对1日龄卵的毒力最高,对5日龄卵次之,对9日龄卵的毒力最低。3种药剂卵期处理的综合防效及持效性以噻虫胺最好,以有效成分33.33mg/kg处理30d时,综合防效仍达95.88%;虫酰肼次之,以有效成分33.33mg/kg处理20 d时综合防效为75.00%;辛硫磷最差。因此,噻虫胺用于防治花生田铜绿丽金龟甲具有好的推广应用价值。 相似文献
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南方粳稻稻曲病防治药剂及防治适期探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对南方粳稻生产上危害日益严重的稻曲病,在大田重点开展了防治药剂筛选试验。结果表明,拿敌稳(病指防效为76.82%,下同)、爱苗(73.18%)、菌刀(69.21%)及头等功(68.54%)4个药剂防效相当,极显著优于阿米妙收(48.68%)、井冈霉素(49.01%)和好立克(42.05%)的防效,这4种药剂处理较对照增产4.38%~7.89%。破口前10 d、破口前3 d和齐穗后各施药1次的处理(S1)稻曲病病指防效显著优于破口前和齐穗后各施1次药的处理(S2)以及齐穗后施1次药的处理,实际产量差异达极显著水平;破口前和齐穗后各施1次药的处理与齐穗后施1次药的处理防效相当,实际产量差异不显著。 相似文献
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以丰禾96母本为对象,研究包衣40%咯菌腈·氟唑菌酰羟胺(B)、喷雾硅(Si)和10%叶菌唑(Y)对玉米叶片代谢、茎腐病防治效果和产量的影响。结果表明,包衣40%咯菌腈·氟唑菌酰羟胺20 mL/100 kg种子+10%叶菌唑1 000 mg/L喷雾+施硅2 000 mg/L喷雾(BY10Si)的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和叶绿素含量都最高,分别为19.80μmol/(m2·s)、4.10 mmol/(m2·s)和62.68,较CK(不喷施杀菌剂)增加32.9%、25.8%和17.8%;包衣40%咯菌腈·氟唑菌酰羟胺20 mL/100 kg种子+10%叶菌唑667 mg/L喷雾+施硅2 000 mg/L喷雾(BY15Si)的病情指数最低,防效最高,为47.2%。BY10Si处理百粒重和穗重都最重,分别为34.56 g和136.33 g;产量最高,为11 247.45 kg/hm2,较CK增产20.0%,且均与CK差异显著。玉米播种前包衣40%咯菌腈·氟唑菌酰羟胺,在玉米生长期喷雾可溶性硅和叶菌唑能有效降低茎腐病的发生程度,同时提... 相似文献
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为了研究吡唑醚菌酯和芸苔素内酯共同作用防治花生根腐病和白绢病,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了吡唑醚菌酯和芸苔素内酯及其混剂对花生根腐病菌和白绢病菌的抑制作用,并开展田间防治试验。结果表明,吡唑醚菌酯对根腐病菌和白绢病菌菌丝生长表现出明显的抑制作用,其EC_(50)分别为7.79mg/L、0.10 mg/L。田间试验结果表明,药剂处理显著降低了病情指数,增产效果显著。其中吡唑醚菌酯和芸苔素内酯搭配使用效果最突出,对根腐病和白绢病防效分别为73.10%、78.25%,分别增产21.54%、25.10%。表明吡唑醚菌酯和芸苔素内酯协同能有效防治花生根腐病和白绢病。 相似文献
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九种杀菌剂对Fusarium verticillioides和F.graminearum毒力及玉米穗腐病的防治效果 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用含毒介质法分别测定玉米穗腐病菌禾谷镰孢菌和拟轮枝镰孢菌对9种药剂的敏感性,在田间进行防治玉米穗腐病的药效试验,综合评价化学和生物药剂以及不同施药处理对玉米穗腐病的防治效果。室内毒力测定结果表明,9种药剂在一定浓度下对玉米穗腐病均有毒力作用,10%苯醚甲环唑、70%甲基托布津对禾谷镰孢菌毒力较强;70%甲基托布津对轮枝镰刀菌毒力较强,10%苯醚甲环唑次之。田间药效试验结果表明,50%异菌脲可湿性粉剂防效为92.3%,5%井冈霉素为80.64%;且先接菌后喷药的防治效果优于先喷药后接菌处理。 相似文献
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Effect of structured lipid on alveograph characteristics, baking and textural qualities of soft wheat flour 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effect of substituting canola oil/caprylic acid structured lipid (SL) for partially hydrogenated shortening (at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% levels) on the rheology of soft wheat flour dough (28.4% total lipid on flour weight basis, 43% moisture) was determined using the Alveograph. The effect of SL substitution on baking and textural qualities of sugar-snap cookies was also investigated. Addition of shortening to soft wheat flour dough resulted in a significant (P<0.05) decrease in dough resistance to deformation (P), dough extensibility (L), and dough baking strength (W), suggesting a less developed gluten network. SL substitution for shortening did not affect P and W. The cookies incorporating SL (50 and 75% SL substitution) were similar (P<0.05) to the shortening control cookies in both baking and textural qualities, but exhibited some baking and textural quality differences at the 25 and 100% SL substitution levels. Correlations (P<0.05) were found between some Alveograph characteristics, and baking and textural qualities. 相似文献
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对41％草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂防除柑橘园杂草进行田间药效试验。结果表明,安徽省国家农药剂型工程技术中心生产的41％草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂对桔园内狗牙根、小飞蓬、蛇莓等常见的单、双子叶杂草均有理想的防效,30天株防效99．35％,鲜重防效98．68％。安徽省国家农药剂型工程技术中心提供的41％草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂具有安全、高效、药效期长等优点,适合作为柑橘园杂草的防除药剂,推荐施药剂量（制剂量）为4．5732L/hm2。 相似文献
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12叶展倒伏对夏玉米子粒灌浆特性和产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选用先玉335(XY335)和浚单20(XD20)两个玉米品种,在种植密度为75 000株/hm2下设置不倒伏(CK)、根倒(RL)、茎折(SL)3个处理,分析品种和倒伏类型对夏玉米子粒灌浆特性、穗部性状、产量、产量三要素和产量损失率的影响。结果表明,12叶展(V12)倒伏使XY335和XD20显著减产,其中SL处理造成的减产幅度较RL高,XD20的减产幅度小于XY335。RL使XY335和XD20的产量、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重的损失率分别达到21.1%、7.2%、9.5%、7.3%和19.2%、6.0%、13.6%、11.9%;SL处理使XY335和XD20产量、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重的损失率分别达到61.0%、22.3%、42.3%、9.5%和41.8%、17.2%、19.4%、14.9%。倒伏后,穗部性状变差,SL的影响大于RL,XD20的穗部性状相对好于XY335。倒伏缩短了灌浆期,SL降幅大于RL;倒伏降低了平均灌浆速率,RL主要降低了XY335的缓增期灌浆速率,SL降低了XY335的渐增期灌浆速率,RL和SL均降低了XD20缓增期灌浆速率。V12倒伏造成夏玉米减产的原因从大到小依次为穗粒数、穗数和千粒重的降低。 相似文献
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乙虫腈悬浮剂防治田间稻飞虱试验结果表明，施用100 g/L乙虫腈悬浮剂600、525 、450 g/hm2对稻飞虱的防治效果均极显著优于对照药剂25% 噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂，药后第1、3、7天的防效分别达90.25%、92.40%、90.65%。100 g/L乙虫腈悬浮剂高效、安全，是防治稻飞虱的理想药剂，可大面积推广应用。 相似文献
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大麦农艺性状与产量性状的杂种优势分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为进一步了解杂交大麦主要农艺性状和产量性状的杂种优势,本研究以8个保持系、9个恢复系及由其配制的72个杂交大麦为材料,分析了杂交大麦株高、穗下节间长、穗长、单株穗数、千粒重、单株粒重、单株干重等7个性状的中亲优势与超优亲优势表现以及杂交亲本棱型与杂种优势表现的关系.结果表明,72个杂交大麦的7个性状共出现365次显著中亲优势,其中正向显著组合出现348次,负向显著组合出现17次,显著优势组合出现率为72.4％;不同性状的中亲优势出现率差异较大,中亲优势出现率由大到小依次为株高、穗长、穗下节间长、千粒重、单株干重、单株粒重和单株穗数,其中株高、穗下节间长和穗长3个性状的显著中亲优势组合出现率分别达到98.6％、90.3％和91.7％,株高均表现为正向中亲优势,穗长、单株穗数、单株粒重和单株干重均出现负向显著中亲优势;显著超优亲优势组合共出现99次,组合出现率为19.6％,超优亲优势出现率由大到小依次为穗下节间长、千粒重、穗长、单株干重和单株粒重,其中穗下节间长、千粒重和穗长的显著优势组合出现率较高,分别为59.7％、43.1％和20.8％,株高和单株穗数未出现显著的超优亲优势组合;异棱型杂交种的显著超优亲优势组合出现率高于同棱型杂交种. 相似文献
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芸苔素内酯与吡唑醚菌酯对水稻抗病性及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
设置0.01%芸苔素内酯SL(芸天力)+常规杀菌(处理3)、0.01%芸苔素内酯SL+9%吡唑醚菌酯AS(芸乐收)+常规杀菌(处理4)、常规杀菌(处理2)及喷清水(处理1)4个处理,比较了不同处理对水稻抗病性及产量的影响。结果表明,处理3和处理4不仅能有效增强水稻对纹枯病和稻曲病的抗性,还能提升产量,与常规杀菌处理(处理2)相比,对水稻纹枯病和稻曲病的防效分别提升5.66%~21.7%和9.13%~20.55%,增产22.33%~24.59%。因此,在使用常规药剂的基础上可以增用0.01%芸苔素内酯SL或9%吡唑醚菌酯AS,能获得更好的防效和更高的产量。 相似文献
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Lowland rice production in the Mekong region is generally low because crops are cultivated under rainfed conditions and often exposed to drought. To examine how field water availability affects productivity of different genotypes in rainfed lowland rice, the field experiments were carried out for six years at eight locations in Cambodia. We classified 34 genotypes used in the experiments into photoperiod-insensitive [short (IS) and medium (IM) maturity] and sensitive [medium (SM) and long-duration (SL) maturity] genotype groups. Mean days-to-flower from sowing was 87 in IS, 112 in IM, 112 in SM and 132 in SL and mean grain yield was 2.0, 2.8, 2.5 and 2.4 t ha−1, respectively. Drought environment was quantified for each experiment by determining whether free water level was observed to be less than the soil surface during three growth stages: GS1 (maximum tillering), GS2 (panicle development) and GS3 (grain filling). The drought frequency estimated from 44 field experiments was 18% in all IM, SM and SL at GS1, 23%, 25% and 32% in IM, SM and SL, respectively at GS2, and 43%, 45% and 57% at GS3. Thus, the drought occurred more frequently after flowering, particularly in the SL group. Based on the results, the IM genotypes may be grown to escape from drought during the GS2 and GS3 periods by sowing early (June) in the drought environment. When sown late (August), the SM genotypes are exposed to less drought risk because they flower earlier than the IM genotypes. Compared with the SM genotypes, the SL genotypes are highly exposed to water stress during the GS3 period, resulting in yield reduction. SM and IM had similar occurrence of drought environment, but yield reduction due to drought was less in SM than in IM. Thus, photoperiod-sensitive cultivars with medium maturity are preferred in drought-prone lowland fields, particularly when sowing is delayed. In the favourable water environment, the SM genotypes can be better than the IM genotypes when sown early in the season, while the IM genotypes performs better than the SM genotypes with late sowing. This suggests that for lowland fields without drought photoperiod-insensitive cultivars are recommended and photoperiod-sensitive cultivars can be preferred if sown early. 相似文献
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应用7种药剂对菜青虫进行防治试验。结果表明：0.5% 阿维菌素乳油、2.5% 高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂、4.5% 氯氰菊酯乳油、40% 毒死蜱乳油、40% 辛硫磷乳油对菜青虫有良好的防治效果。施药后3 d防效可达81.68%以上;药后7 d的防效在84.38% 以上,持效期7～10 d,生产上防治时可轮换或混合使用。 相似文献
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Experiments were conducted in three different commercial greenhouses wherein cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cv. Kalunga F1 (Long English type) were grown in composted straw bales, heavily infested with Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr. f.sp. radicis-cucumerinum Vakalounakis (FORC), the causal agent of Fusarium root and stem rot of cucumber. FORC was isolated from roots and stem bases of symptomatic plants either in single infections or simultaneously with other root infecting pathogens, including species of Phytophthora and Pythium and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG-4. Verticillium dahliae Kleb. was obtained from individual cucumber plants showing wilt symptoms. Fungicide applications started at the beginning of fruiting time when the first symptomatic plants occurred and followed at 45-day intervals. Three fungicides, either alone or as tank-mixed combinations of 0.1% Topsin M 70WP (thiophanate-methyl 700 g kg−1) plus 0.15% Previcur 607SL (607 g L−1 propamocarb hydrochloride), or 0.1% Benomyl 50WP (benomyl 50 g kg−1) plus 0.15% Previcur 607SL, were applied to the crown and root area of cucumber plants through drip irrigation systems as drenches at a rate of 0.25 L/plant. Plant mortality was reduced by 11.1%–84.8% and 23.8%–77.7% when plants were drenched with Topsin M 70WP in combination with Previcur 607SL or Benomyl 50WP plus Previcur 607SL, respectively. In comparison, significantly lower levels of disease control were achieved when these fungicides were applied individually. Three fungicide applications during the crop season increased the inhibitory effect of the fungicide regime on the disease incidence compared to one or two treatment. 相似文献