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1.
防治稻纵卷叶螟高毒农药替代药剂的室内筛选 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
为筛选高毒农药替代药剂,采用Potter喷雾法测定了8类29种杀虫剂对广西南宁和江苏南京稻纵卷叶螟3龄幼虫的室内毒力。这8类杀虫剂的毒力顺序为：抗生素类杀虫剂≥苯基吡唑类杀虫剂≥噁二嗪类杀虫剂≥昆虫生长调节剂类杀虫剂≥有机磷酸酯类杀虫剂、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂≥有机氯类杀虫剂≥沙蚕毒素类杀虫剂。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐（甲维盐）对两地区稻纵卷叶螟3龄幼虫的触杀毒力最高,其LC50值介于0.2~0.8 mg/L;氟虫腈、茚虫威、呋喃虫酰肼、丁烯氟虫腈、虫酰肼、氟啶脲和氟铃脲的LC50值介于1.8~53 mg/L。推荐对稻纵卷叶螟毒力最高的10种新型杀虫剂（甲维盐、依维菌素、阿维菌素、氟虫腈、茚虫威、呋喃虫酰肼、丁烯氟虫腈、虫酰肼、氟啶脲、氟铃脲）和一些有机磷杀虫剂（喹硫磷、辛硫磷、丙溴磷、毒死蜱、哒嗪硫磷）作为高毒农药替代的候选药剂进行大田药效试验。此外,还讨论了稻纵卷叶螟的药剂防治措施。 相似文献
2.
15种杀虫剂对椰心叶甲幼虫及椰甲截脉姬小蜂的毒性 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
实验室条件下评价了16种杀虫剂（分属有机磷、拟除虫菊酯、氨基甲酸酯、昆虫生长调节剂、杀虫抗生素、沙蚕毒素及植物源农药）对椰心叶甲Brontispa longissima （Gestro）4龄幼虫毒杀效果及对椰心叶甲天敌椰甲截脉姬小蜂Asecodes hispinarum Boucek的影响。供试浓度为田间防治推荐浓度,用浸叶饲养法测定农药对椰心叶甲4龄幼虫的杀虫效果;用指形管药膜法测定农药对椰甲截脉姬小蜂成虫的毒性;用浸渍法测定农药对椰甲截脉姬小蜂蛹的影响。结果表明,农药对椰心叶甲4龄幼虫毒杀效果顺序依次为：顺式氯氰菊酯≌毒死蜱≌丁硫克百威≌三氟氯氰菊酯≌灭多威≌氟虫腈≌杀螟丹〉啶虫脒≌辛硫磷〉吡虫啉〉乙酰甲胺磷〉阿维菌素〉灭幼脲三号≌鱼藤精〉苦参碱。农药对成蜂击倒致死能力顺序依次为：灭多威〉毒死蜱〉灭幼脲〉顺式氯氰菊酯〉杀螟丹〉丁硫克百威〉三氟氯氰菊酯〉辛硫磷〉吡虫啉〉啶虫脒〉氟虫腈〉乙酰甲胺磷〉鱼藤精〉苦参碱〉阿维菌素。灭多威、丁硫克百威、杀螟丹、辛硫磷使该蜂的蛹不能羽化;乙酰甲胺磷、灭幼脲三号、吡虫啉、顺式氯氰菊酯、啶虫脒、阿维菌素、毒死蜱、氟虫腈、三氟氯氰菊酯对该蜂蛹的羽化都有一定影响;苦参碱和鱼藤精对该蜂的羽化及羽化后的存活没有不良影响。 相似文献
3.
大螟田间种群对不同杀虫剂敏感性的差异 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近年来大螟危害不断加重,成为不少地区水稻螟害的优势虫种,急需筛选药剂进行针对性防治。本研究连续2年用新建的饲料涂药法测定了10种常用杀虫剂对江苏南京和浙江温岭地区大螟的毒力状况,通过对比分析发现,除杀虫单和三唑磷外,大螟对多数杀虫剂没有产生明显的抗药性,地区和年度之间敏感性变化不大。不同药剂对大螟的毒力顺序为：甲维盐〉〉阿维菌素〉〉稻丰散≈氯虫苯甲酰胺〉〉氟铃脲≈虫酰肼〉茚虫威〉醚菊酯〉杀螟硫磷≈丙溴磷〉三唑磷≈丁烯氟虫腈≈毒死蜱〉〉杀虫单。讨论认为,近些年大量使用阿维菌素和毒死蜱防治水稻螟虫和飞虱,不利于对大螟的兼治;可以充分发挥稻丰散和丙溴磷等低毒廉价有机磷杀虫剂的作用来针对性防治大螟。 相似文献
4.
海枣异胸潜甲是一种新入侵并爆发成灾的棕榈科植物害虫,筛选出具有较高毒力水平的化学药剂防治该虫迫在眉睫。本研究采用浸渍法测定了11种杀虫剂对海枣异胸潜甲幼虫的毒力。试验结果表明,较低浓度的阿维菌素(10 mg/L,24 h)、氟虫腈(10 mg/L,24 h)、甲氨基阿维菌素(10 mg/L,72 h)和啶虫脒(10 mg/L,48 h)对海枣异胸潜甲幼虫的触杀致死率达100%,其24 h的LC50分别为0.7、2.28、4.02、5.61 mg/L;较高浓度的高效氯氰菊酯(200 mg/L,48 h)、氯虫苯甲酰胺(400 mg/L,48 h)和氯氟氰菊酯(400 mg/L,72 h)对海枣异胸潜甲幼虫的触杀致死率达100%;敌百虫、多杀菌素、虫酰肼和氟啶脲的触杀致死率相对较低。因此,可选用阿维菌素、啶虫脒、甲氨基阿维菌素和氟虫腈作为当前防治海枣异胸潜甲主要防治药剂。 相似文献
5.
甲氧虫酰肼与3种药剂对甜菜夜蛾的联合毒力及亚致死效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选出甲氧虫酰肼与其他药剂对甜菜夜蛾具有增效作用的混配组合,采用表面涂抹法测定甲氧虫酰肼与虱螨脲、氯虫苯甲酰胺和高效氯氰菊酯混配对甜菜夜蛾3龄幼虫的联合毒力,并在此基础上研究了甲氧虫酰肼与虱螨脲混用对甜菜夜蛾的杀卵活性及亚致死效应。结果表明,甲氧虫酰肼、虱螨脲、氯虫苯甲酰胺和高效氯氰菊酯对甜菜夜蛾的LD50分别为38.20 ng·cm－2、44.66 ng·cm－2、17.54 ng·cm－2、4.13 ng·cm－2,甲氧虫酰肼与虱螨脲复配表现出明显的增效作用,配比（质量浓度比）为6∶7时增效作用最大,共毒因子高达135.4,而甲氧虫酰肼与氯虫苯甲酰胺和氯氟氰菊酯混用均表现出拮抗作用;甲氧虫酰肼与虱螨脲复配（配比6∶7）质量浓度为10 mg·L－1和100 mg·L－1时,卵孵化率和幼虫存活率分别为56.11%、36.53%和48.08%、17.70%;亚致死剂量的甲氧虫酰肼与虱螨脲混剂与单剂相比显著延长幼虫发育历期,抑制幼虫的体质量和蛹质量,降低化蛹率和单雌产卵量。因此,甲氧虫酰肼和虱螨脲混用可以显著提高对甜菜夜蛾杀虫活性,抑制其种群增长,同时兼有较强的杀卵作用。 相似文献
6.
防治水稻二化螟的高毒农药替代药剂的室内筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了筛选防治水稻二化螟的高毒农药替代药剂,采用点滴法测定了7类32种药剂对不同水稻生态区二化螟种群的室内毒力。基于这些毒力数据,推荐对二化螟毒力较高的7种新型农药（氟虫腈、阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、虫酰肼、呋喃虫酰肼、氟铃脲和氟啶脲）和一些中低毒性的有机磷品种（如辛硫磷、喹硫磷、毒死蜱和哒嗪硫磷）作为大田药效试验的候选替代药剂。评估了田间二化螟对10种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的敏感性,发现7种对鱼高毒的拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂（高效氟氯氰菊酯、λ 高效氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯和S 氰戊菊酯）对二化螟的毒力高于大多数有机磷类农药。虽然我国禁止上述菊酯类杀虫剂在水稻上使用,但是浙江瑞安田间种群（RA05）已对高效氟氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯和λ 高效氯氟氰菊酯等产生高水平抗性（抗性倍数分别为166.7、51.9、41.3和36.8倍）。对鱼低毒的3种菊酯类农药（乙氰菊酯、醚菊酯和氟硅菊酯）对抗性二化螟（RA05）的毒力高于三唑磷。因此,可考虑将这些对鱼低毒的菊酯类农药作为防治水稻二化螟的高毒农药的替代药剂和抗性治理的轮换品种。 相似文献
7.
采用浸叶法测定海南省三亚、万宁和乐东地区槟榔上椰子坚蚜对5种杀虫剂的敏感性。结果表明,以三亚地区椰子坚蚜作为敏感种群,只有乐东地区的椰子坚蚜对氟啶虫胺腈产生抗性(相对毒力指数为3.31)和万宁地区的椰子坚蚜对溴虫腈产生抗性(相对毒力指数为3.18),抗性倍数都不是很高,两地椰子坚蚜虫对其它药剂都处于敏感状态(相对毒力指数小于3),甚至乐东地区椰子坚蚜对吡虫啉的抗性只有1.87倍。万宁地区的椰子坚蚜对5种杀虫剂的抗性趋势为：溴虫腈＞吡虫啉＞顺式氯氰菊酯＞吡丙醚＞氟啶虫胺腈;乐东地区的椰子坚蚜对5种杀虫剂的抗性趋势为：氟啶虫胺腈＞顺式氯氰菊酯＞吡丙醚＞溴虫腈＞吡虫啉。 相似文献
8.
【目的】香根草能有效诱集水稻螟虫产卵,且孵化的幼虫取食香根草一定时间后死亡,可用于水稻螟虫的田间防控。但田间防治往往是多种防治措施相结合。为了研究取食香根草后的幼虫对常用杀虫剂的敏感度,【方法】利用稻苗浸渍法测定了茚虫威、氯虫苯甲酰胺、多杀菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素、氟虫胺、氰氟虫腙、阿维菌素、毒死蜱8种常用杀虫剂对水稻大螟和二化螟的毒力作用,以及取食香根草后螟虫对这些药剂的敏感度变化。【结果】8种杀虫剂(氰氟虫腙,甲氨基阿维菌素,氯虫苯甲酰胺,氟虫胺,多杀菌素,阿维菌素,茚虫威,毒死蜱)对大螟的LC50依次为1.04,1.40,2.67,3.48,7.59,13.03,16.57,23.28 mg/L;对二化螟的LC50依次为1.94,2.07,4.20,8.93,9.72,17.63,9.51,64.68mg/L。与取食水稻的螟虫比较,香根草饲喂3d后,大螟幼虫对8种药剂的敏感性均有所提高,致死率提高13.3～22.2个百分点,其中,对氯虫苯甲酰胺、多杀菌素、氟虫胺、氰氟虫腙、毒死蜱的敏感度显著提高;而香根草饲喂后的二化螟幼虫对所有测定药剂敏感度均显著提高,致死率提高26.7～33.3个百分点。二化螟幼虫对所有测定药剂敏感度升高更为明显。【结论】初步明确了水稻螟虫取食香根草后对杀虫剂的敏感度有不同程度提高。 相似文献
9.
福建主要菜区甜菜夜蛾的抗药性监测 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用FAO推荐的微量点滴法,测定了福建福州建新、闽候上街、南平建欧、厦门同安、莆田黄石和漳州龙海6个甜菜夜蛾田间种群4龄幼虫对6种代表性药剂的抗性,比较了3种新型药剂（甲胺基阿维菌素、虫螨腈和氟啶脲）对6个田间种群的毒力。结果表明：福州建新、闽候上街、南平建欧、厦门同安、莆田黄石和漳州龙海6个甜菜夜蛾田间种群4龄幼虫对氰戊菊酯的抗性分别为敏感种群的438．5,389．7,312．4,423．7,286．5和317．7倍;对顺式氯氰菊酯的抗性分别为敏感种群的1015．4,951．5,702．2,850．4,768．6和687．6倍;对辛硫磷的抗性分别为敏感种群的53．3,49．1,67．4,74．2,58．1和77．8倍;对灭多威的抗性分别为敏感种群的203．8,212,7,135．5,162．4,208,4和362,4倍;对虫酰肼的抗性分别为敏感种群的48．7,29．4,40．1,42．5,27．5和35．8倍;对硫丹的抗性分别为敏感种群的23．5,19．4,29．7,12．8,14．5和13,2倍;抗性谱广,抗性程度严重。甲胺基阿维菌素、虫螨腈和氟啶脲对上述6个种群幼虫具有较强的毒杀效果,并且3种新型药剂的敏感性差异不大。 相似文献
10.
福建省茶小绿叶蝉抗药性的地区差异 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用浸梢法测定茶小绿叶蝉对8种杀虫剂的相对敏感基线,福建省不同地区茶小绿叶蝉对5种杀虫剂的药剂敏感性水平。结果表明,联苯菊酯、溴虫腈、三氟氯氰菊酯、吡虫啉、高效氯氰菊酯、啶虫脒、噻嗪酮、杀螟丹等药剂对小绿叶蝉均有较高的毒力,不同地区小绿叶蝉对药剂的抗性水平不同。福安茶场的小绿叶蝉种群对联苯菊酯、啶虫脒已经产生了高抗水平,抗性倍数分别达44.1和97.4倍,对吡虫啉达中抗水平,抗性倍数为11.8倍;北峰茶场的小绿叶蝉种群对杀螟丹的抗性水平为中抗,抗性倍数为16.4倍;武夷山茶场的小绿叶蝉种群对啶虫脒已经产生了高抗水平,抗性倍数为52.3倍。不同茶场的小绿叶蝉种群对溴虫腈表现敏感。 相似文献
11.
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., is one of the most important pests of cruciferous vegetables in the world. Assessment of changing insecticide resistance is essential for maintaining control efficiency and resistance management. In this study, four field populations of P. xylostella were collected from cabbage (Brassica oleracea, var. capitata L.) fields in central China from 2010 to 2012 to monitor their resistance to abamectin, Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) subsp. kurstaki (WG-001), spinosad, chlorfluazuron, chlorfenapyr, diafenthiuron, indoxacarb and beta-cypermethrin by using a leaf-dipping bioassay method. The results indicated that chlorfenapyr and diafenthiuron showed high toxicity to P. xylostella in central China, with no obvious toxicity change during the three years. The resistance of P. xylostella to spinosad was at low to moderate levels of resistance in all three years. Resistance of P. xylostella to abamectin, chlorfluazuron and indoxacarb varied greatly among the four regions. P. xylostella exhibited moderate and high levels of resistance to abamectin, chlorfluazuron and indoxacarb. The resistance of this pest to BT (WG-001) and beta-cypermethrin was severe in the four regions. Our study was conducive for developing a more effective resistance management program for P. xylostella. 相似文献
12.
Spodoptera exigua is a phytophagous pest that causes critical economic losses in vegetable crops, and insecticides are commonly used against it in vegetable growing areas. However, excessive and frequent applications of insecticides cause resistance in S. exigua. The current resistance in field populations of S. exigua collected from Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China to 12 insecticides was investigated. S. exiguahad developed very high resistance to lambda cyhalothrin (2925- to 3449-fold), chlorpyrifos (>1786-fold), emamectin benzoate (174- to 867-fold), and metaflumizone (60.3- to 942-fold). High resistance to tebufenozide (51.5- to 75.4-fold) and chlorfluazuron (60.4- to 63.0-fold) was also found. Synergism assays revealed that the resistance to metaflumizone and lambda cyhalothrin was associated with esterase and microsomal oxidases, respectively. The resistance to emamectin benzoate was not affected by detoxification enzymes inhibitors and might be conferred by other mechanisms. The selection of the field population by metaflumizone for 10generations in the laboratory resulted in a 6.1-fold increase in metaflumizone resistance but did not lead to increases in resistance to other insecticides. After metaflumizone selection, susceptibilities to spinosad and endosulfan did not change, and the susceptibilities to indoxacarb, methomyl, pyridalyl, tebufenozide, chlorfluazuron, emamectin benzoate and lambda cyhalothrin decreased slightly. However, no statistically significant differences in the resistance levels were observed among the selected population, its starting strain and the unselected strain. The resistance to chlorantraniliprole noticeably decreased in unselected strain and the strain subjected to selection for 10 generations compared with their starting strains. Lack of cross-resistance to tested insecticides suggested the involvement of multiple mechanisms of resistance and the need for wise application of these insecticides for the management of S. exigua. 相似文献
13.
The widespread and intensive use of conventional pesticides, particularly insecticides, presents a major risk to natural enemies of target pests, as well as to the environment in general. The aim of this study was to investigate the differential intrinsic toxicity of insecticides to two key pests of crucifers, Plutella xylostella and Myzus persicae and their respective hymenopteran parasitoids, Cotesia vestalis and Aphidius colemani. Such knowledge can help inform effective integration of insecticides and biological control in IPM systems. Three insecticides generally regarded as being compatible with natural enemies (abamectin, spinosad and indoxacarb) and one compound regarded as harmful to natural enemies (lambda-cyhalothrin) were examined. A comparative measure of the intrinsic toxicity of fresh deposits of insecticides on Chinese cabbage leaf discs was determined for both pest and parasitoids species after exposure to insecticide for 24 h and 120 h, and after 24 h exposure to insecticide plus 96 h on untreated leaf discs. Differences in the susceptibility of pests and parasitoids to different insecticides were marked for P. xylostella and C. vestalis, LC50 values being significantly lower for the pest species. Such differences were not observed for M. persicae and A. colemani. There was a direct relationship between dose, exposure time and toxicity for all insecticides tested. All insecticides tested showed lower toxicity to both parasitoids compared with P. xylostella, which suggests that for this pest species side-effects on parasitoids can be minimised through IPM practices that reduce exposure time to such non-target organisms. 相似文献
14.
The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is one of the most important pests of tomato worldwide. The use of chemicals is still the major tactic of control against this pest in Brazil, where spray overuse leads to resistance, frequently associated with control failures in the field. In this study, a survey of the susceptibility to indoxacarb, metaflumizone, chlorfenapyr, cartap, and abamectin aimed to determine the resistance status of T. absoluta populations. Also, the major enzyme systems associated with metabolic resistance were assessed to infer variability. The LC50 values varied among the populations for abamectin (0.54–3.38 mg a.i./L), cartap (93.1–589.8 mg a.i./L), chlorfenapyr (0.62–2.83 mg a.i./L), indoxacarb (0.86–2.89 mg a.i./L), and metaflumizone (0.35–7.44 mg a.i./L). Resistance ratios varied among populations being 6.2-, 6.4-, 4.6-, 3.3-, and 21.2-times for abamectin, cartap, chlorfenapyr, indoxacarb, and metaflumizone, respectively. Only the cartap confidence limits of the LC80 bracketed the recommended label concentration for three populations (Anápolis, Guaraciaba do Norte, and Tianguá), suggesting control failures. No cross-resistance was observed between indoxacarb and metaflumizone, and natural variation may explain the variability of response to this latter insecticide. The activity of enzymes frequently associated with metabolism of insecticides significantly differed among populations, and glutathione S-transferases and cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases were variable among the populations of T. absoluta, while alpha and beta-esterases were very homogeneous. T. absoluta resistance to abamectin and cartap has not been critical in Brazil despite their long use and together with chlorfenapyr appear to be an interesting option of rotation with indoxacarb, for which there is no cross-resistance to metaflumizone. 相似文献
15.
海南岛实蝇群落的多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2007～2009年在海南岛内海口、文昌、三亚、儋州、琼中、吊罗山、尖峰岭和霸王岭等8个地方,选择代表性区域,采用实蝇性诱捕剂和蛋白引诱法对8个地区实蝇群落的生物多样性进行分析。结果表明,海南实蝇可全年发生,其中,尖峰岭的实蝇种类丰富度最高,有18种,其次是霸王岭和琼中,有15种,吊罗山14种,海口和三亚均为12种,文昌和儋州的实蝇种类丰富度低,同为11种;海南区域实蝇群落优势种为桔小实蝇[Bactrocera(Bactrocera)dorsalis(Hendel)],常见种有差异;海口和琼中实蝇群落常见种同为瓜实蝇[B.(Zeugodacus)cucurbitae Coquillett];吊罗山和霸王岭常见种同为锈红实蝇[B.(Z.)rubigina Wangzhao];文昌、三亚、儋州和尖峰岭无常见种。3年的试验结果表明,实蝇群落多样性指数均以三亚最低。各地实蝇种类相似性变化不大,相似性系数为0.36～0.76。 相似文献
16.
Studies were carried out to evaluate the resistance of Pakistani populations of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera litura (F) to several commonly used insecticides. Different field populations of S. litura from four districts of the Punjab were monitored from 2009 to 2011 for resistance to insecticides using a standard leaf dip bioassay method. For organophosphates and pyrethroids, resistance ratios compared with a susceptible Lab-Pk population were in the range of 8–109 fold for deltamethrin, 11–139 fold for cypermethrin, 19–143 fold for chlorpyrifos and 39–162 fold for profenofos. For new chemistry insecticides, resistance levels were 2–74 fold for spinosad, 4–216 fold for abamectin, 7–87 fold for indoxacarb, 2–77 fold for emamectin benzoate, 1.9–58 fold for lufenuron and 4–43 fold for methoxyfenozide. Pairwise correlation coefficients of LC50 values showed a positive correlation with cross-resistance among deltamethrin, cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos, while resistance to profenofos showed correlations with resistances to other insecticides except chlorpyrifos. New chemistry insecticides showed no correlations between any of the tested insecticides. There were high to very high levels of resistance to organophosphates in most of the population, which suggested that the use of these should be avoided against this pest. Selective use of pyrethroids in several areas, including Bahawalpur and Lodhran, where the pest showed a low level of resistance, would appear to be acceptable, the new chemistry insecticides, lufenuron, methoxyfenozide, emamectin and indoxacarb had no, very low, low and moderate resistance levels against populations, respectively. These are considered to be safe to the environment and safer to natural enemies. 相似文献