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1.
南沙群岛中北部重要岛礁鱼类资源调查 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
1998年4月和1999年5月,采用手钓、延绳钓和流刺网作业在南沙群岛的渚碧、南薰、东门、美济、赤瓜、永署和华阳等7座珊瑚礁水域进行了2个航次的鱼类资源调查。累计投入的捕捞努力量分别为手钓357钩·时、延绳钓4220钩、流刺网19750m,单次作业努力量手钓6～18钩·时、延绳钓40～480钩、流刺网40～2400m。捕获鱼类180种,渔获量1860尾1540.4kg,其中手钓102种1225尾196.8kg,延绳钓36种82尾1234.7kg,流刺网70种553尾108.9kg。按岛礁平均,渔获率和单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)手钓为351.1尾·(100钩·时)-1、51.9kg(100钩·时)-1,延绳钓为2.6尾·(100钩)-1、39.0kg·(100钩)-1,流刺网为51.4尾·(1000m)-1、7.5kg·(1000m)-1。礁坪区流刺网的渔获率和CPUE为170.3尾·(1000m)-1、23.1kg·(1000m)-1,均高于礁缘浅水区和礁缘深海区。捕获的主要经济种类有鲨鱼、裸胸鳝、石斑鱼、笛鲷、裸颊鲷、鹦嘴鱼和隆头鱼科鱼类等。华阳和永暑礁鱼类资源比较丰富,具有较高的开发潜力;东门、美济和南薰礁次之,也有一定的生产价值;赤瓜和渚碧礁基本没有开发价值。 相似文献
2.
Abstract Standardised fishing methods using gillnets (EN 14575), electric fishing (EN 14011) and hydroacoustics (WI 00230244 CEN enquiry) to estimate species composition, abundance, biomass and size distribution were compared in 14 alpine lakes >50 ha. More fish species were detected using benthic gillnets (mean = 72.7%) than electric fishing (mean = 59.5%) and pelagic gillnets (mean = 29.6%). For all but two lakes, additional information from a local fisheries manager was required to obtain a complete list of species. Biomass data generated by standardised gillnetting and hydroacoustic surveys were not fully comparable, but a positive correlation was found. Gill netting and hydroacoustics both indicated a nearly fishless habitat below 75 m, which confirmed the maximum required fishing depth according to the European Standard EN 14757. Size distributions obtained from gillnet and hydroacoustic surveys differed statistically for large fish (>40 cm). Each standardised method reflected typical shortcomings. The European standard (EN 14757) should be amended for pelagic fish habitat in deep alpine lakes to include sampling effort corresponding to water volume, and additional gillnets with larger mesh sizes (e.g. 70 mm). Furthermore, the electric fishing standard (EN 14011) should be extended to incorporate requirements of lake fish sampling. 相似文献
3.
M. Prchalová J. Kube&#;ka M. &#;ech J. Frouzová V. Dra&#;tík E. Hohausová T. J&#;za M. Kratochvíl J. Mat&#;na J. Peterka M. &#;íha M. Tu&#;er M. Va&#;ek 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2009,18(2):247-260
Abstract – Spatial distribution of the fish community in the deep canyon-shaped Římov Reservoir, Czech Republic, was studied using overnight gillnetting fishing in 1999–2007. Effects of depth, distance from the dam to the tributary and habitat type (benthic and pelagic) on fish community structure, catch per unit of effort (CPUE), biomass per unit of effort (BPUE) and average weight were tested. Fish were recorded in all sampled depths and parts of the reservoir. Redundancy analysis revealed that effects of three environmental variables were significant and most variability was explained by depth, then by distance from the dam and habitat type. CPUE and BPUE of all species decreased with depth and responses of individual species to depth were similar for juvenile and adult fish. Number of species, CPUE and BPUE of all species except perch increased heading towards the tributary and peaked close to or at the tributary part of the reservoir. Responses of juvenile fish to distance from the dam differed from that of adult fish. Structure of fish community differed in benthic and pelagic habitats with species preferably occupying epipelagic (bleak, asp, rudd and juvenile bleak, roach and bream) or littoral waters (perch, pikeperch, ruffe, roach, bream and juvenile percids). This study showed that fish distribution in the reservoir followed distinct patterns, which were probably shaped by a combination of physiological constraints plus trade-off between food resources and competition. 相似文献
4.
南沙群岛重要珊瑚礁水域鱼类资源数量分布 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
1998年3—5月和1999年5—6月．采用手钓、延绳钓和流刺网3种作业方式在南沙群岛的渚碧、南薰、东门、美济、赤瓜、永署和华阳等7座珊瑚礁水域进行了2个航次的鱼类资源调查。结果表明,7座珊瑚礁水域不同作业方式的鱼类资源相对丰盛度差别较大,其中刺网以永暑礁最高,手钓以华阳礁最高,延绳钓以南薰礁最高;同时．刺网和手钓不同水深区域鱼类资源的相对丰盛度也不相同．其中刺网以11～30m区域最高．手钓以10m以浅和51～80m区域较高;分析认为,造成礁区之间鱼类相对丰盛度差异的主要原因不是初级生产力．而是生态环境因素,主要是礁盘形态和大型海藻的数量。另外．各礁区水域的优势类群有明显不同．这主要与洞穴的大小和数量、大型海藻及珊瑚的种类和数量等生物和非生物环境有关。 相似文献
5.
In order to establish the migration route of Pacific saury Cololabis saira, we measured the radius of otolith annual rings (ROA) in fish collected from areas off the Japanese coast up to 165°W in June and July (pre-fishing season) and from fishing grounds in August?CNovember (fishing season). The average ROA for six sea areas that each spanned 10° of longitude sampled during the pre-fishing season were compared with data obtained during each month of the fishing season. The average ROA decreased from west to east and also decreased monthly from August to November. The average ROA of fish caught after October at the peak of the fishing season was equivalent to that of the fish caught in the areas east of 160°E or 170°E. We conclude that Pacific saury caught by Japanese fishing vessels during the peak of the fishing season migrate from an area east of 160°E. 相似文献
6.
Influences of gear type and analytical methodology on fish assemblage characterisations in temperate lakes 
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下载免费PDF全文 C. J. Sullivan D. P. Coulter Z. S. Feiner S. B. Donabauer T. O. Hk 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2015,22(5):388-399
A variety of gears and analytical methods can be used to characterise lentic fish assemblages; however, the combined influence of gear type and analysis can affect conclusions about assemblage patterns. Fish assemblages sampled with night electric fishing, gillnets and trapnets from 153 lakes were evaluated using summary indices of species composition, pairwise community similarity comparisons and multivariate ordination. For a given amount of effort, electric fishing had the highest species richness, while gillnets had higher diversity and evenness. Pairwise comparisons between gears revealed that (1) richness was positively correlated among all gears, (2) diversity and evenness were generally not correlated across gears and (3) electric fishing and trapnets captured more similar species than all other pairwise comparisons. Gear‐specific multivariate correlation and ordination revealed that gillnet and electric fishing samples more similarly characterised variation in assemblages among lakes, while trapnets characterised assemblages along different gradients of species composition. These results indicate that either electric fishing or trapnetting can be used when assessing shallow‐water assemblages for diversity or evenness, gillnets and either electric fishing or trapnets should be used for whole‐lake assessments, and either gillnets or electric fishing should be used when evaluating regionwide variation in lake assemblages. 相似文献
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Fish assemblages in two reaches of the Hawkesbury–Nepean River were studied to determine the separate and combined effects of modifications to the riparian vegetation and nutrient enrichment on the composition of fish assemblages. Fish were sampled along vegetated and degraded banks where no vegetation was present, and upstream of and within zones of nutrient enrichment, associated with discharge of treated sewage effluent into the river and run-off from nearby urban areas. Although the species composition differed between river reaches, both the number of fish species and total fish abundance were significantly greater in habitats adjacent to vegetated banks. Five species [ Anguilla reinhardtii Steindachner , Macquaria novemaculeata (Steindachner) , Cyprinus carpio L. , Hypseleotris compressa (Krefft) and Myxus petardi (Castelnau)] were significantly ( P < 0.05) affected by riparian degradation, with mean abundances ranging from 3.3 to 13.0 times larger than adjacent to vegetated banks. Species richness, total abundance and abundance of M. novemaculeata and H. compressa were also higher in zones with low levels of nutrient enrichment. Multivariate analyses showed that while eutrophication has a major effect on fish assemblages in the Hawkesbury–Nepean River, even greater effects may result from clearing of riparian vegetation leading to bank degradation. 相似文献
9.
闽东渔场张网禁渔区研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文首先收集了张网渔船在闽东渔场生产的海区、渔船数量、渔船功率和产量。然后检测了在不同深度海区捕捞的渔获组成并分析和比较其结果,最后提出了如何管理闽东渔场张网的一些建议。张网是一种严重损害经济鱼类幼鱼的渔具,其生产渔场不应扩大;40米等深线外海域的渔获个体较大,表明张网在40米等深线外海域损害幼鱼的程度比40米等深线内海区小,可以把“40米等深线以外海域为张网作业的禁渔区”的规定改为“在拖网禁渔区线以外海域为张网作业的禁渔区”。 相似文献
10.
为了解流溪河光倒刺鲃国家级水产种质资源保护区鱼类群落结构,分析不同河段、不同季节鱼类群落多样性的变化,于2017年12月-2018年10月对保护区上、中、下游的鱼类开展了每个季度一次的调查。调查结果显示,共采集鱼类57种,隶属于5目14科50属,其中鲤形目43种、鲈形目6种、鲇形目5种,合鳃鱼目2种,鳉形目1种;计算57种鱼类的相对重要性指数,结果显示,尼罗罗非鱼、越南■及鲤鱼为2017-2018年度优势种;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数计算结果显示,下游鱼类群落的多样性及均匀度最高,夏季鱼类群落的多样性、丰富度及均匀度最高;各监测点之间的种类相似性系数显示,保护区上中游、上下游之间鱼类种类组成为中等不相似,中下游种类组成为中等相似,春夏、春冬、夏冬及夏秋季节鱼类种类组成为中等不相似,春秋、秋冬季节为中等相似;ABC分析结果显示,春、夏及冬季鱼类群落处于稳定状态,秋季处于中度干扰状态。 相似文献
11.
Jeremy Collie Jan Geert Hiddink Tobias van Kooten Adriaan D Rijnsdorp Michel J Kaiser Simon Jennings Ray Hilborn 《Fish and Fisheries》2017,18(4):619-637
One quarter of marine fish production is caught with bottom trawls and dredges on continental shelves around the world. Towed bottom‐fishing gears typically kill 20–50 per cent of the benthic invertebrates in their path, depending on gear type, substrate and vulnerability of particular taxa. Particularly vulnerable are epifaunal species, which stabilize the sediment and provide habitat for benthic invertebrates. To identify the habitats, fisheries or target species most likely to be affected, we review evidence of the indirect effects of bottom fishing on fish production. Recent studies have found differences in the diets of certain species in relation to bottom fishing intensity, thereby linking demersal fish to their benthic habitats at spatial scales of ~10 km. Bottom fishing affects diet composition and prey quality rather than the amount of prey consumed; scavenging of discarded by‐catch makes only a small contribution to yearly food intake. Flatfish may benefit from light trawling levels on sandy seabeds, while higher‐intensity trawling on more vulnerable habitats has a negative effect. Models suggest that reduction in the carrying capacity of habitats by bottom fishing could lead to lower equilibrium yield and a lower level of fishing mortality to obtain maximum yield. Trawling effort is patchily distributed – small fractions of fishing grounds are heavily fished, while large fractions are lightly fished or unfished. This patchiness, coupled with the foraging behaviour of demersal fish, may mitigate the indirect effects of bottom fishing on fish productivity. Current research attempts to scale up these localized effects to the population level. 相似文献
12.
Abstract Recreational shore angling in the Atlantic Ocean between Moledo and Aveiro (Portugal) was examined using roving creel surveys (March/September 2001). Cooperation was high (90% of 2310 anglers approached). At least 39 species of fish were caught at a rate of approximately 0.5 fish angler h−1 . An estimated 7319 kg of Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), with 45.6% below the minimum legal size, and 2040 kg of sea breams (genus Diplodus ), correspond to 5.75% and 1.19% of the commercial landings in the same geographical area, respectively. The results shed light on a number of issues relevant to integrated coastal management, including temporal and spatial distribution of fishing effort, species caught, sizes of fish, catch rates, and factors influencing catches and angler satisfaction. Whilst the results suggest that the catches of sea breams and sea bass by day-time recreational shore angling in northern Portugal are small compared with commercial fishing, other recreational activities, such as boat fishing and spear-fishing, must be assessed. 相似文献
13.
Sampling fish communities in shallow lowland lakes: point-sample electric fishing vs electric fishing within stop-nets 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M.R. PERROW A.J.D. JOWITT & L. ZAMBRANO GONZÁLEZ 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》1996,3(4):303-313
Fractional or point-abundance sample (PAS) electric fishing was compared with conventional electric fishing within stop-nets in several shallow, structurally complex, lowland lakes. The two methods tended to sample the fish community in different ways. PAS provided significantly higher total population estimates, partly as a result of the higher estimates for the dominant small fish (e.g. 0 + perch, Perca fluviatilis L.). Fish hidden by cover (macrophytes, branches, etc.) or substrate, such as eels Anguilla anguilla (L.) and ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.), were also sampled at a higher rate and for eel, this led to considerable variation in biomass estimates between the two methods. It is argued that PAS, rather than electric fishing within stop-nets, provided more accurate estimates of fish population parameters and that PAS had several distinct advantages when used for qualitative and quantitative stock assessment, particularly in shallow lakes dominated by emergent and submerged vegetation. 相似文献
14.
为了解黄海和东海渔业资源群落结构的变化,基于2013年6月(夏季)和9月(秋季)黄、东海渔业资源底拖网调查数据,对渔业资源种类组成、优势种、渔获量空间分布、群落多样性和群落结构进行了研究。结果显示,共鉴定渔业种类185种,其中底层鱼类93种、中上层鱼类31种、甲壳类48种、头足类12种和贝类1种。在鱼类中,鲈形目种类最多,27科47属56种,占鱼类总种类数的45.2%。夏季优势种为鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、脊腹褐虾(Crangon affinis)、带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)和小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis),秋季优势种为三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)、小黄鱼、鳀和带鱼,优势种季节波动不大。秋季平均单位时间渔获量为46.60 kg/h,高于夏季(39.35 kg/h)。秋季航次调查中渔业资源较夏季更为集中,主要分布在长江口和吕泗渔场附近,其他断面渔获量较低。夏季航次群落多样性指数高于秋季航次。CLUSTER聚类分析表明,黄、东海渔业生物群落可分为2组,夏、秋季2组界线变动不大,2组聚类的形成可能受水温和长江径流影响。 相似文献
15.
Abstract The by-catches of fish, mammals and birds from a fyke-net survey of eel, Anguilla angilla (L.), stocks (total effort 1593 end days) at 45 sites in rivers and lakes in the Thames catchment and tidal river were examined. Sizes and compositions of by-catches varied between sites, yielding a total of 21 fish species representative of the types of water body sampled. The largest catches were of shoaling juvenile perch (especially in lakes). Small roach, perch and ruffe were also fairly frequent in running waters (especially the tidal and non-tidal Thames). Carp, tench and pike were less frequently caught (mainly in still waters and upper tributaries). Juvenile flounders and smelt were fairly common in the tidal Thames. Salmonids were rarely caught and fish mortalities overall were very low. Few mammals, wildfowl or crustaceans were trapped, but it is important that nets are set below water level to avoid trapping birds swimming on the surface, and the use of otter guards is recommended. Fouling of fishing tackle was rare. Recommendations are made for practical steps that can be taken to minimize undesirable impacts of commercial fyke-netting, whilst realizing the potential financial and management benefits. The cost-effective uses of fyke-nets for sampling and culling fish for management purposes are discussed. 相似文献
16.
乳山近海渔业资源种类组成及变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2013—2015年乳山近海拖网渔船的渔捞日志,分析了乳山近海的单位捕捞努力量渔获量、渔获种类组成及生物多样性等特征。结果表明:(1)乳山近海渔获物共有36种,隶属于19目28科33属。其中鱼类有26种,虾蟹类4种,头足类4种,水母类1种,贝类1种。(2)2013—2015年全年优势种差异明显。其中,蓝点马鲛3年均为优势种,鳀鱼是2014年和2015年优势种,网纹狮子鱼为2013年和2015年的优势种。(3)乳山近海渔获物主要集中在休渔期前后的4—5月、9—11月,渔业生产存在明显的春汛和秋汛。2013—2015年乳山近海单位捕捞努力量渔获量逐年增加,但与历史单位捕捞努力量渔获量相比还是存在明显下降;多样性指数和均匀度指数变化趋势一致,多样性指数和丰富度指数较高值出现在秋季;春汛和秋汛期间,渔业资源种属组成及群落结构相似性较高。 相似文献
17.
This study aimed to assess the relationship between basic metrics in recreational fishing and the size of the fishing ground. Data were obtained from individual angling logbooks collected by the Czech Fishing Union over 12 years on 212 fishing grounds located in the regions of Prague and Central Bohemia in the Czech Republic. Small fishing grounds had the highest catch, yield, numbers of fishing visits and numbers of angling guard controls per hectare. Medium‐sized fishing grounds had the highest catch, yield, and numbers of both fishing visits and angling guard controls per fishing ground. Anglers returned to medium‐sized fishing grounds most frequently. The percentage of anglers who caught and took home at least one fish decreased with increasing size of the fishing ground. In conclusion, basic metrics in recreational fishing are related to the size of the fishing ground, which thus plays an important role in fisheries management. 相似文献
18.
2012年5月-10月,对兴凯湖鱼类及渔业资源利用状况进行了调查,2012年渔产量约为295t,工作渔船209条,期间共统计渔获物1081kg,生物学测定803尾,经鉴定共有鱼类50种。近年来,兴凯湖生态环境的改变导致鱼类种群结构变化,渔获物个体趋向低龄化、小型化,产量持续下降。本研究整理了历史数据并将其与本次调查结果进行对比,分析渔获物组成特征以及渔产量动态变化特点,找出鱼类群落结构的变化趋势,提出了未来兴凯湖渔业资源可持续利用的建议。 相似文献
19.
Abstract Data from Lake Ontario tributaries were used to evaluate the efficacy of single-pass backpack electric fishing for stream fish monitoring by: testing the relationship between single-pass catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) and multiple-pass-based population estimates; comparing species richness estimates derived from single-pass and multiple-pass data and assessing the concordance of fish assemblage patterns described using single-pass and multiple-pass data. Significant correlations were calculated between single-pass CPUE and removal-based population estimates for total catch, 15 species, six taxonomic families, five feeding and four reproductive guilds and tolerant/intolerant species. Strong correlations were more commonly associated with the abundance of individual species than other metrics. Capture probability was not affected by stream size or habitat complexity for most measures. Species accumulation curves and significant correlations ( r 2 = 0.9) between single-pass and multiple-pass electric fishing indicate that single-pass surveys provide a representative index of species diversity. In addition, within and among-site variation in fish community composition based on single-pass and multiple-pass data were similar. 相似文献
20.
Paula Nagl Gustavo Hallwass Luís H. Tomazoni-Silva Pedro P. Nitschke Anais R. P. Rowedder Astrid Tatiana Romero-Martinez Renato A. M. Silvano 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(10):2752-2771
- Frugivorous fish provide often conflicting ecosystem services of seed dispersal and food provisioning in tropical rivers. Fishing may reduce the size and abundance of frugivorous fish, thus affecting their potential as seed dispersers, which could affect the conservation of these fish and of floodplain forests.
- The goal of this study was to assess the influence of co-managed protected areas in the form of extractive reserves (RESEX) and small-scale fisheries on frugivorous fish in the Tapajós and Negro rivers, in the Brazilian Amazon. The study examined whether: (i) frugivorous fish are important for fisheries and selectively caught; and (ii) frugivorous fish abundance, size and fisheries catch per unit of effort are higher inside the RESEX than outside.
- The analyses included fisheries-dependent data (3,753 fish landings) and independent data (12,730 sampled fish) collected in 16 fishing communities (eight for each river). In both rivers, frugivorous fish are among the 10 species caught the most and frugivorous biomass was proportionately higher in landings than in samplings, indicating fisheries selectivity towards these fishes.
- In both rivers, catches of frugivorous fish were higher outside the RESEX than inside. Catch per unit effort and the proportion of frugivores in the catch were higher outside the RESEX in the Tapajós River but did not vary between sites inside and outside the RESEX in the Negro River. Frugivorous fish were larger inside the RESEX in the Negro, but smaller inside the RESEX in the Tapajós.
- The results indicated that the ecosystem services of seed dispersal and food source provided by frugivorous fish are not in conflict in the tropical rivers studied. Therefore, these clearwater and blackwater rivers in the Brazilian Amazon show a balance between fisheries and conservation of frugivorous fish, which play an essential role in the functioning of tropical floodplain forest ecosystems.