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1.
To develop waterproof breathable materials for diverse consumer applications, we used electrospinning to fabricate layered
fabric systems with varying composite structures. Specifically, we developed layered fabric structures based on electrospun
nanofiber webs with different levels of nanofiber web density, as well as different substrates and layer structures, and then
examined the breathability and waterproofness of the material. The breathability and waterproofness of the layered fabric
systems were compared with those of traditional waterproof breathable fabrics, including densely woven fabric, microporous
membrane laminated fabric, and hydrophilic nonporous polyurethane coated fabric. Different breathability and barrier performance
levels were achieved by varying the layer structure and substrates in the electrospun nanofiber web layered fabric systems.
The uniformity of the nanofiber web and lamination process also affected the barrier and comfort performances. The comparison
of waterproofness and breathability performances between the new materials and the traditional waterproof breathable materials
revealed that the layered structures based on electrospun nanofiber webs provide a higher level of resistance to water penetration
than densely woven fabrics and a higher degree of moisture vapor and air permeability than microporous membrane laminates
and coated fabrics, with a proper selection of layer structure, substrate fabric, and lamination process. 相似文献
2.
Layered fabric systems with electrospun polyurethane fiber web layered on spunbonded nonwoven were developed to examine the
feasibility of developing protective textile materials as barriers to liquid penetration using electrospinning. Barrier performance
was evaluated for layered fabric systems, using pesticide mixtures that represent a range of surface tension and viscosity.
Air permeability and water vapor transmission were assessed as indications of thermal comfort performance. Protection performance
and air/moisture vapor transport properties were compared for layered fabric systems and existing materials for personal protective
equipment (PPE). Layered fabric systems with electrospun nanofiber web showed barrier performance in the range between microporous
materials and nonwovens used for protective clothing. Layered fabric structures with the web area density of 1.0 and 2.0 g/m2 exhibited air permeability higher than most PPE materials currently in use; moisture vapor transport was in a range comparable
to nonwovens and typical woven work clothing fabrics. Comparisons of layered fabric systems and currently available PPE materials
indicate that barrier/transport properties that may not be attainable with existing PPE materials could be achieved from layered
fabric systems with electrospun nanofibrous web. 相似文献
3.
Seungsin Lee 《Fibers and Polymers》2009,10(3):295-301
This research investigates applying zinc oxide nanoparticles to polypropylene nonwoven fabrics via electrospinning for the
development of UV-protective materials. Layered fabric systems with electrospun zinc oxide nanocomposite fiber webs were developed
at various concentrations of zinc oxide in a range of web area densities. The effects of zinc oxide concentration and web
area density on the UV-protective properties of layered fabric systems were examined. Air and moisture vapor transport properties
of layered fabric systems were assessed to examine the effect of electrospun web layers on thermal comfort properties of the
material. A very thin layer of electrospun zinc oxide nanocomposite fibers significantly increased the UV blocking for both
UV-A and UV-B ranges, and exhibited an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of greater than 40, indicating excellent UV protection.
UV-protective properties of layered fabric systems increased with increasing zinc oxide concentrations of the nanocomposite
fiber web. Increasing the electrospun web area density of the zinc oxide nanocomposite fiber web also enhanced UV-protective
properties of layered fabric systems. Air and moisture vapor transport properties of layered fabric systems decreased as the
electrospun web area density increased for the range of web area densities examined. 相似文献
4.
Electroless metal plated fabrics are favorable to be used as e-textiles due to the excellent conductivity and peculiar properties
of textiles such as flexibility. But, the electrical durability is not enough to be used as e-textiles. Therefore, we applied
polyurethane(PU)-sealing (single-sealing vs. double-sealing) onto the electroless metal plated polyester fabrics (Ripstop
vs. Mesh) to reinforce the electrical durability. We investigated the changes of electrical properties of the PU-sealed metal
plated fabrics after laundering by a multi-meter, examined the surface changes using scanning electron microscope, and checked
the metal existence using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. And, we finally proved the possibility of the fabric strips
as transmission lines by alternating conventional earphone lines. PU double-sealing showed higher performance on Ripstop polyester
fabrics even after being laundered 10 times, which was almost the same as Cu-based typical conductive lines did. 相似文献
5.
Sound absorption property, viscoelastic property and the effect of plasma treatment of four automotive nonwoven fabrics on
these properties are discussed in this research paper. Needle-punched fabrics used for vehicle headliner include 2 polyester
fabrics made of hollow polyester fibers or solid polyester fibers, and 2 polypropylene-composite cellulose fabrics made of
jute fibers or kenaf fibers, manufactured with the same web structure of apparent fabric density and fabric thickness. Hollow
polyester fiber fabric has the highest sound absorption and the highest loss factor, the second highest is jute fiber fabric.
The viscoelastic property is found to be related to the sound absorption property of fabric. The plasma treatment on nonwoven
fabrics changes their sound absorption and viscoelastic property as well as their fabric weight and pore size. Hollow polyester
fabric shows the increased sound absorption and viscoelastic property after the treatment with the increased pore sizes, while
regular polyester fabric displays insignificant changes. The cellulose fabrics are more affected by plasma treatment compared
to the polyester fabrics in terms of fabric weight loss and pore size, and jute fabric is more affected than kenaf fabric
due to fiber weakness. The jute fabric demonstrates the decreased sound absorption and viscoelastic property, while kenaf
fabric shows the increased sound absorption with the unchanged viscoelastic property after the treatment. 相似文献
6.
Split-type nylon/polyester microfiber and polyester microfiber fabrics possess drapeability, softness, bulkiness, and smoothness,
so that they can be applied in various industrial fields. In particular, these fabrics are able to absorb various organic
solvents, and can be used as clean room materials. To investigate the chemical affinity between solvents and the compositional
materials of these fabrics, the contact angle of thermally pressed film fabrics was measured with different solvents. The
thermally pressed nylon/polyester fabric films showed a chemical attraction to formamide. The sorption properties of the microfiber
fabrics were investigated using a real time testing device, and these tests showed that the sorption behavior was more influenced
by the structure of the fibrous assembly than by any chemical attraction. The effect of the fabric density, specific weight,
and sample structure on the sorption capacity and rate was examined for various organic solvents. The sorption capacity was
influenced by the density and the specific weight of the fibrous assembly, and knitted fabric showed a higher sorption capacity
than woven fabric. However, the sorption rate was less affected in lower viscosity solvents. On applying Poiseuille’s Law,
the lower viscosity solvents showed higher initial sorption rates, and more easily penetrated into the fibrous assembly. 相似文献
7.
Boong Soo Jeon 《Fibers and Polymers》2012,13(1):130-134
Peirce’s fabric model has been widely used to predict the structural behavior of various plain woven fabrics. The structure
of plain woven fabric can be defined in terms of the warp yarn number, weft yarn number, warp fabric density, weft fabric
density, warp crimp, and weft crimp. The warp and weft yarn diameters are calculated from the warp and weft yarn numbers,
and the effective coefficient of the yarn diameter is defined by using this model. We have investigated structural properties,
such as the effective coefficient of the yarn diameter, yarn crimp, and fabric thickness for two different fabrics in which
the constituent yarns are assumed to be either incompressible or compressible. This model is also applied to various plain
fabrics woven from cotton, rayon, wool, linen, nylon, acetate, polyester, and silk yarns. 相似文献
8.
This study surveys the basic procedure of data base system of the fabric structural design which can be linked with existing
pattern design and garment design CAD systems. For this purpose, the theoretical and empirical equations related to the fabric
structural design are analyzed and discussed with various fabric specimens. The fabric structural parameters such as weave
density coefficient, cover factor and yarn density coefficient of various kinds of fabrics are calculated using the empirical
equations. These calculated fabric structural parameters of many kinds of polyester and nylon fabrics are compared and discussed
with weave pattern, and materials such as polyester and nylon. Furthermore the difference between fabric structural parameters
calculated by empirical equations are analyzed with polyester and nylon fabrics as a basic study for data base system of the
fabric structural design. Finally, the weave density coefficients of polyester and nylon fabrics were analysed and discussed
with shrinkages of dyeing and finishing processes, and also surveyed according to the weaving company and weave structural
parameters such as weave pattern and denier. 相似文献
9.
The present study deals with the effect of parallel-laid and cross-laid web of polypropylene needle punched nonwoven fabrics on compression properties (initial thickness, percentage compression, percentage thickness loss and percentage compression resilience) under wet condition. These compression properties of polypropylene needle-punched nonwoven under wet condition have also been compared with its dry condition. With the increase in needling density the initial thickness, percentage compression and percentage thickness loss of the fabrics under wet condition decrease to higher extent compared to its dry condition both in case of parallel-laid and cross-laid fabrics. Cross-laid nonwoven fabric presents lower value of initial thickness percentage compression and thickness loss compared to parallel-laid fabric which is very prominent at high needling density (350 punches/cm2). The percentage compression resilience shows increasing trend with the increase in needling density both under dry and wet conditions of parallel-laid web. It also follows similar trend in case of cross-laid nonwoven under wet condition. The optimum needling density for compression resilience of cross-laid nonwoven fabric under dry condition is 250 punches/cm2. 相似文献
10.
Study on heat and moisture vapour transmission characteristics through multilayered fabric ensembles
A detailed study on the heat and moisture vapour transmission characteristics of different types of single and multi-layered
fabric ensemble by using sweating guarded hot plate (SGHP) has been reported in the present paper. A comparison has been made
on thermal and moisture vapour transmission properties of five different insulative fabrics, namely, knitted-raised fabric,
needle punched nonwoven, through air bonded nonwoven, spunbonded-through air bonded sandwich nonwoven and warp knitted spacer
fabric and three different coated fabrics, namely, plain woven rubber coated, plain woven polyester polymer coated and plain
woven polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coated fabric, used for thermal insulation purpose. ANOVA has been conducted to analyse
the significance of type of insulative and coated fabrics used. Sandwich nonwoven fabric which has higher thickness and porosity
shows higher thermal resistance followed by through air bonded fabric, raised fabric, needle punched fabric and spacer fabric.
Spacer fabric shows lesser evaporative resistance due to its lesser thickness and larger aperture size, which increases the
diffusion of moisture vapour. Needle punched fabric shows slightly higher evaporative resistance than spacer fabric, followed
by raised fabric, through air bonded fabric and sandwich nonwoven fabric. Permeability index of different multilayered fabric
ensembles are also compared. 相似文献
11.
Hybrid yarn was produced by twisting silk with nylon covered lycra yarn. Silk of 20 D in warp and hybrid yarn in weft was woven to develop lustrous woven stretch fabrics for sari blouse. Silk and hybrid yarn fabrics were produced in three different weaves namely plain, crepe and sateen. An in-depth study was carried out to understand the effect of weave on thermal comfort; low stress mechanical properties, total hand value and stretch properties. Nine blouses (3 samples× 3 figures) were constructed from three different woven stretch materials for fit assessment and objective pressure comfort test. The effect of fabric weave, low stress mechanical properties, total hand value and stretch properties on fit and pressure comfort of silk/hybrid yarn stretch fabrics were analyzed. Sateen weave silk/hybrid yarn stretch fabric shows higher total hand value, stretch properties and better thermal comfort properties. Sateen and crepe weave stretch fabrics provided good fit. Sateen weave fabric exerted lower clothing pressure value in the range of 3-12 mmHg at all body locations in standing position and in different postures. 相似文献
12.
Ming-Tsung Chang Jiunn-Yih Lee Syang-Peng Rwei Wen-Yen Wu Whe-Yi Chiang Shu-Mei Chang Yi-Hong Pan 《Fibers and Polymers》2017,18(2):203-211
Polylactides (PLAs) are a type of environmental friendly material. PLA fabrics feature excellent performance in terms of texture, comfort, curling effect, crystallinity, and transparency. However, because of its aliphatic polyester structure, PLA is relatively fragile as compared with the commercially available products like PET or Nylon. This study adopted water-based polyurethane (PU) to modify the surface of PLA fabrics, thereby enhancing the fabrics’ mechanical properties. Various polyols such as polytetrahydrofuran (PTMG), polycaprolactone diol (PCL), and polycarbonates diol (PC) were used and various NCO/OH molar ratios were designed in this study. As the PLA fabric was processed by dipping in various PU dispersions, it was found that the breaking strength of the fabric was increased, while its elongation at breakage decreased. Particularly, the breaking strength of the fabric modified by PUD50PC containing 50 weight percent of PC and two other polyols was the most prominent showing an 80 % increase in strength. Furthermore, the abrasion resistance of the PUD50PC-modified PLA fabric showed a roughly 6 times increase as compared to the plain PLA fabric. SEM images also reveal that after processing with water-based PU, the PLA fibers are bonded tightly with the water-based PU molecules to increase the breaking strength of the PLA fabrics. 相似文献
13.
Ozan Avinc Huw Owens John Bone Mike Wilding Duncan Phillips David Farrington 《Fibers and Polymers》2011,12(7):893-903
Water droplets falling onto finished fabrics can create spots which can spoil the appearance of the fabric. This study compares
the propensity of softened filament polylactic acid and polyester fabrics to exhibit the adverse affects of ‘water-spotting’,
and to identify suitable softeners and methods for their application to minimise and eliminate the problem. The degree of
water spotting was greater on softened polylactic acid fabrics than on softened polyester fabrics. Polylactic acid and polyester
fabrics with hydrophobic properties did not exhibit any water spotting. Softeners applied by an exhaustion process resulted
in a finished fabric which exhibited no water spotting for either dyed polylactic acid or dyed polyester fabrics. The softening
active agent was not responsible for the water spotting. The other components in the softener formulation (such as emulsifier,
wetting agent), which carries the unfixed dyes with water, were found to be responsible. The water spot halo disappeared after
a single machine laundering process. 相似文献
14.
Antistatic effect of atmospheric pressure glow discharge cold plasma treatment on textile substrates
Hydrophobic synthetic textile substrates, nylon and polyester fabrics, were continuously treated in an atmospheric-pressure-glow-discharge-cold-plasma
reactor using He and air. The samples were evaluated for antistatic properties by measuring the static charge build-up and
half charge decay time. The 60 sec air-plasma treated nylon fabric produced only 1.53 kV of charge and showed a significantly
smaller half decay time of 0.63 sec compared to static voltage of 2.76 kV and a half decay time of 8.9 sec in the untreated
nylon fabric. In comparison, the He plasma treated nylon fabrics showed relatively less improvement by producing static charge
built-up of 2.12 kV and half charge decay time of 1.1 sec. Similar improvements were obtained for polyester (PET) fabrics
as well. The treated samples showed good antistatic properties even after five laundry wash cycles. The surface characteristics
of the samples were investigated using SEM, AFM, and ATR-FTIR. The results revealed that the improvement on antistatic properties
are attributable to increase in the surface energy of the fabrics due to the formation of hydrophilic groups and increase
in the surface area due to the formation of nano-sized horizontal and vertical channels on the fibre surface. The study suggests
that plasma treatment may be used for imparting effective antistatic finish on otherwise hydrophobic substrates. 相似文献
15.
This study reports an experimental investigation on the effect of softeners, crosslinking conditions, and laundering on the comfort related and low stress mechanical properties of cotton fabrics with different weave constructions. Softeners with different chemical natures, in conjunction with the crosslinking agent and catalyst, were padded onto the cotton fabrics of three types of weave constructions, viz. plain, twill, and a newly developed plant-structured weave design. Two crosslinking conditions, namely dry and moist curing conditions, were compared. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscope were used to visualize and quantify the morphological and chemical changes on fabrics. The experimental results showed that the dry-crosslinking condition is preferable to achieve better comfort and easy-care properties, while moist-crosslinking condition is a better choice when strength-related properties are the main requirement. The study further showed that silicone elastomer softener can be applied to improve fabric strength whereas micro-emulsion of functional amino-polysiloxane plus emulsion containing polyalkylene is beneficial for comfort characteristic. The plant-structured cotton fabric finished in the dry-crosslinking condition with softener in nano-emulsion form can result in superb water absorption, excellent air permeability, good handle, acceptable strength, and improved easycare property. 相似文献
16.
The dyeing and color fastness properties of two reactive-disperse dyes containing a sulfatoethylsulfone group on nylon, PET
and N/P mixture fabrics were examined. The rate of dyeing on nylon fabric was greatly dependent upon dye bath pH. The final
dye uptakes at all pH, however, were as high as 97 %. Color strength of the dyed nylon fabric linearly increased up to 0.5
%owf and then slowed down over 1 %owf dyeing. Washing and rubbing fastness of the dyed nylon fabric were excellent, but grade
of light fastness was moderate. Dyeability of the reactive-disperse dyes on PET fabric was not much affected by pH, and K/S
values of PET fabric dyed at pH 5–8 were lower than those of nylon fabric at all pH examined. Buildup and color fastnesses
properties on PET fabric showed the same tendency with nylon fabric. The rate of dyeing of the reactive-disperse dyes on nylon
fabric was faster than on PET fabric when both fabrics were dyed simultaneously in the same dye pot, resulting in higher color
strength of nylon than PET. The reactive-disperse dyes were found to be adequate to the one-bath, one-step dyeing of N/P mixture
fabric when applied at pH 5 and 120 °C. 相似文献
17.
黄麻／棉织物服用性能探讨 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文通过试验测定了黄麻／棉织物的服用性能，并与苎麻／棉，涤／棉，纯棉等织物的服用性能进行比较，结论表明黄麻／棉织物作为服用织物是可行的。 相似文献
18.
Youngmi Park 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(3):477-483
The properties of moisture transfer and the comfort of mesh-structured fabrics with various knit compositions and properties were investigated. The comfort effects of the double knitted fabrics combined with different cross-shaped fibers composed of dyeable-polypropylene (PPd) and regular polyester (PET) double-knitted fabrics were studied. A series of PET, PPd, Coolmax® (Cm) with single knitted fabrics and PPd/Cm with double knitted fabrics were evaluated to determine the physical properties and wearing performance for comfortable clothing. To compare the structural properties involving the vapor transfer of 4 types of fabrics with different fiber compositions, fiber types, weights, and thicknesses, the surface structure and pore characteristics were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and a capillary flow porometer. The properties of moisture transfer were tested using vertical wicking and gravimetric absorbent testing system (GATS). In addition, the comfort performance measured by the thermal insulation value (Rt) and moisture permeability index (im) with a thermal manikin in a conditioned walk-in environmental test chamber was predicted. The result showed that the PPd/Cm sample has potential applications as good comfort fabric materials. 相似文献
19.
Noman Haleem Zulfiqar Ali Malik Mumtaz Hassan Malik Tanveer Hussain Qummer Gillani Aisha Rehman 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(7):1172-1178
The aim of this study was to model the air permeability of polyester cotton blended woven fabrics. Fabrics of varying construction parameters i.e. yarn linear densities and thread densities were selected and tested for air permeability, fabric areal density and fabric thickness. A total of 135 different fabric constructions were tested among which 117 were allocated for development of prediction model while the remaining were utilized for its validation. Four variables were selected as input parameters on basis of statistical analysis i.e. warp yarn linear density, weft yarn linear density, ends per 25 mm and picks per 25 mm. Response surface regression was applied on the collected data set in order to develop the prediction model of the selected variables. The model showed satisfactory predictability when applied on unseen data and yielded an absolute average error of 5.1 %. The developed model can be effectively used for prediction of air permeability of the woven fabrics. 相似文献
20.
Fabric porosity is the result of fabric constructional parameters combination and used technology of nonwoven production. The effects of fabric porosity structure, as well as the content of hydrophilic viscose and hydrophobic polyester fibres in the web mixture, on the vertical wicking rate by nonwoven fabrics have been explored in this research. Fibrous webs with a different content of viscose and polyester fibres, with the web volume mass range of 0.019-0.035 g/cm3 were utilized during this study. The samples were produced using a dry-laid method of web forming and two methods of web bonding, e.g. needle punching and calendar bonding. Results show that higher volume porosity gives higher vertical wicking rate by all groups of tested samples regarding the content of used hydrophilic/hydrophobic fibres and that fluid flow is faster in samples with larger pores. The higher content of viscose fibres improve the vertical wicking rate, but better rising height can be achieved at samples made from 100 % of coarser polyester fibres. A prediction model of vertical wicking rate of viscose/ polyester nonwovens was developed on the basis of the fundamental constructional parameters of nonwoven fabrics (fibre fineness, type of raw material, and web density) and a non-deterministic modelling method, e.g. genetic algorithms, which can serve as a useful tool for fabric engineers by developing a nonwoven fabric in order to fit desired wicking rate. 相似文献