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1.
将头孢噻呋混悬剂分为高、中、低(10、5、2.5 mg/kg体重)3个剂量组分别肌肉注射治疗仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎,每36 h用药1次,连用2次;同时设头孢噻呋钠注射液对照组,按10 mg/kg体重给药,2次/d,连用3 d。结果表明,头孢噻呋混悬剂3个剂量组和头孢噻呋钠注射液对照组对仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎均有明显的治疗效果,成活率可达80％～100％,极显著高于感染对照组(P<0.01)。头孢噻呋混悬剂中、高剂量组成活率极显著高于头孢噻呋混悬剂低剂量组及头孢噻呋钠注射液组 (P<0.01)。本试验结果表明,头孢噻呋混悬剂能减少胸膜肺炎放线杆菌人工感染引起的临床症状,降低死亡率。作为注射剂治疗仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎,以5～10 mg/kg体重的剂量为佳。   相似文献   

2.
为验证增效硫酸头孢喹肟对仔猪黄白痢的临床疗效,选用自然感染黄白痢患病仔猪为试验对象,以头孢噻呋钠的疗效为对照.结果显示,硫酸头孢喹肟高、中、低剂量组对仔猪黄白痢的治愈率分别为93.3％、90.0％、0％,总有效率分别为100％、100％和6.7％;头孢噻呋钠对照组的治愈率为40.0％、总有效率为60.0％;试验药物高、中剂量组对仔猪黄白痢的治愈率与对照药物相比差异极显著(P＜0.01).表明硫酸头孢喹肟对仔猪黄白痢的临床疗效显著优于头孢噻呋钠,建议推荐剂量为3 mg/kg,每天1次,连用2d.  相似文献   

3.
将硫酸头孢喹肟注射液分为高、中、低(4、2、1mg/kg体重)3个剂量组分别肌肉注射治疗仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎,同时设头孢噻呋冻干粉对照组,按3 mg/kg体重给药,一日一次,连用3天。结果表明,硫酸头孢喹肟注射液3个剂量组和阳性对照组(头孢噻呋冻干粉对照组)对仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎均有明显的治疗效果,有效率及相对增重率显著高于阴性对照组(P＜0.01);硫酸头孢喹肟注射液高、中剂量组的有效率及相对增重率显著高于硫酸头孢喹肟注射液低剂量组和阳性对照组((P＜0.01)。人工感染治疗试验结果表明硫酸头孢喹肟注射液按每1kg体重2mg肌注,一日一次,连用3天,对仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎有良好的治疗效果。  相似文献   

4.
为评价头孢噻呋混悬剂对猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌病的疗效,本试验通过小鼠人工感染猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌建模,用不同剂量的头孢噻呋混悬剂(2、5、10mg/kg)进行临床疗效试验,并用头孢噻呋钠注射剂作为对照,结果5mg/kg和10mg/kg组治愈率均为100%,且头孢噻呋混悬剂较头孢噻呋注射剂效果更佳。因此,头孢噻呋混悬剂以5mg/kg剂量治疗小鼠放线杆菌病效果显著。  相似文献   

5.
作者研究了头孢噻呋混悬液和头孢噻呋钠对人工诱发猪大肠杆菌病的疗效.对人工诱导发病的35日龄仔猪分别肌注头孢噻呋混悬液和头孢噻呋钠冻干粉(每种药设3和5 mg/kg2个剂量组),分别在第0、12、48、72 h给药,3 d共给药4次.同时设氨苄西林混悬注射液、Tinknium注射液以及健康和感染对照组.用药14 d后结果表明,头孢噻呋组有效率、治愈率及增重相对比显著高于氨苄西林和Tinknium组,头孢噻呋混悬液和头孢噻呋钠各剂量组之间死亡率、有效率、治愈率和增重相对比差异不显著.头孢噻呋混悬液和头孢噻呋钠冻干粉以3 mg/kg 3 d给药4次的治疗方案是可行的.  相似文献   

6.
头孢噻呋混悬剂对猪链球菌Ⅱ型小鼠模型的治疗试验   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
建立小鼠链球菌病的模型,评价头孢噻呋混悬剂的疗效。选用小白鼠人工感染猪链球菌Ⅱ型建立疾病模型,并应用不同剂量头孢噻呋混悬剂进行治疗试验。结果表明,链球菌Ⅱ型感染的小鼠模型能表现出典型的临床症状及病理变化,且具有较好的重复性。5和10mg/kg组治愈率均为100%,2mg/kg组治愈率为70%。因此,头孢噻呋混悬剂作为注射剂治疗小鼠猪链球菌Ⅱ型感染以剂量5mg/kg为佳。  相似文献   

7.
通过预先颈部皮下注射头孢噻呋钠,评价其对1日龄雏鸡试验性诱导大肠杆菌病的预防效果。以微量法测得头孢噻呋钠和恩诺沙星对鸡大肠杆菌的MIC分别为0.1mg/L和1.6mg/L。试验结果表明,0.2、0.1、0.05mg/只的头孢噻呋钠各用药组对人工诱导鸡大肠杆菌病的保护率分别为100%、90%和80%,与0.125mg/只的恩诺沙星对照组(63.33%)及感染对照组(46.67%)相比,头孢噻呋钠各剂量组均能显著降低1日龄雏鸡人工诱发大肠杆菌病的死亡率(P<0.01),具有很好的预防效果;试验结束后细菌学检测结果表明,头孢噻呋钠各剂量组和药物对照组鸡的大肠杆菌检出率分别为13.33%、23.33%、30.0%、46.67%,与感染对照组(90%)相比均显著减少(P<0.01)。  相似文献   

8.
为了评价头孢噻呋钠对鸡白痢病、鸡大肠杆菌病、鸡葡萄球菌病的治疗效果,用头孢噻呋钠对人工诱发鸡白痢病、鸡大肠杆菌病、鸡葡萄球菌病进行临床治疗试验。结果显示:头孢噻呋钠对鸡白痢病的治愈率比氨苄西林混悬注射液、硫酸黏杆菌素和氟苯尼考分别高20%、13.4%和26.7%,死亡率分别低20%、3.4%和16.7%;头孢噻呋钠对鸡大肠杆菌病的治愈率比硫酸庆大霉素高72.5%,死亡率低55.5%;头孢噻呋钠对鸡葡萄球菌病的治愈率比氨苄青霉素高12.5%,死亡率低10%。结论:头孢噻呋钠对3种疾病的治疗效果在死亡率、有效率和治愈率的指标比较上,均显著高于对照药物(P<0.05)。头孢噻呋钠组的平均增重均显著高于对照药物组(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

9.
仔猪黄白痢是猪的常见疾病,为了验证所制备的复方芩黄注射液的治疗效果,进行了与临床上常用的5种治疗仔猪黄白痢的药物疗效的对比试验。结果表明复方芩黄注射液的治疗效果最好,治愈率达98.0%,明显优于博落回注射液、硫酸小檗碱注射液、头孢噻呋混悬剂注射液、硫酸庆大霉素注射液和诺氟沙星注射液。试验证实,复方芩黄注射液对仔猪黄白痢具有良好的治疗效果。  相似文献   

10.
采用肉汤微量稀释法测定头孢噻呋对大肠杆菌、沙门菌、溶血性巴氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌等病原菌的最小抑菌浓度,采用棋盘稀释法测定头孢噻呋与氧氟沙星、甲氧苄啶(TMP)的联合抑菌浓度指数.结果表明,头孢噻呋、氧氟沙星对5种病原菌都具有很强的抗菌活性;头孢噻呋与氧氟沙星联合使用时,对大肠杆菌、沙门菌、链球菌可产生协同作用,对溶血性巴氏杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌表现为无关作用;头孢噻呋与TMP联合用药时,对上述5种病原菌均具有协同作用.对实验性感染鸡大肠杆菌病的药效学试验结果表明,头孢噻呋高(100mg/L)、中(50mg/L)剂量对感染鸡的有效率明显高于对照药物庆大霉素(P<0.05),极显著高于感染对照组(P<0.01);头孢噻呋高剂量组(100mg/L)感染鸡的增重率与健康对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05).建议临床应用头孢噻呋治疗鸡大肠杆菌病时,可采用饮水给药,剂量为100mg/L.  相似文献   

11.
按每千克体重1 000mg、500mg和200mg给15只小鼠腹腔注射头孢噻呋钠脂质体,7d后小鼠仍健活;再将56只小鼠随机分为7组,即头孢噻呋钠脂质体高、中、低剂量组(分别相当于临床剂量的20、10和5倍),头孢噻呋钠原料药高、中、低剂量组和生理盐水对照组,连续21d腹腔注射头孢噻呋钠脂质体和头孢噻呋钠后,进行血液学、血清生化学和组织病理学检查。小鼠血常规及生化指标经t检验后显示,头孢噻呋钠高剂量组对小鼠有明显的毒性,脂质体高剂量组也有一定毒性,但相比同剂量的原料药毒性有所降低。肝脏和肾脏病理切片结果显示,脂质体对小鼠造成的毒性影响明显比头孢噻呋钠小。本研究结果表明,经脂质体包封后的头孢噻呋钠毒性明显下降,安全性提高。  相似文献   

12.
Ceftiofur sodium, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin, is active against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens of veterinary importance. Two studies were designed to compare the intramuscular bioavailability of the current sodium salt and the new hydrochloride salt in pigs at doses of either 3 mg or 5 mg ceftiofur equivalents (CE)/kg body weight. Twenty-six healthy young pigs were selected for these two-period, two-treatment crossover studies, 12 for the 3 mg/kg study and 14 for the 5 mg/kg study. Each animal received one intramuscular (i.m.) injection of ceftiofur sodium and one i.m. injection of ceftiofur hydrochloride with a 14-day washout period between the two treatments. Blood samples were collected serially for up to 96 h postinjection. Plasma samples were then analysed using a validated assay that measures ceftiofur and all desfuroylceftiofur-related metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography. In the 3 mg/kg dosage study, average maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) after administration of ceftiofur sodium was 15.8+/-3.40 microg/mL at 0.4-4 h after injection. After administration of ceftiofur hydrochloride, the C(max) was 11.8+/-1.67 microg/mL at 1-4 h after injection. Concentrations of ceftiofur and metabolites 72 h after the injection were 0.392+/-0.162 microg/mL for ceftiofur hydrochloride and 0.270+/-0.118 microg/mL for ceftiofur sodium. The mean area under the curve (AUC), from time 0 to the limit of quantitation (AUC(O-LOQ)) after ceftiofur hydrochloride administration, was 216+/-28.0 microg x h/mL, compared to 169+/-45.4 microg x h/mL after ceftiofur sodium administration. The calculated time during which plasma concentrations remained above 0.02 microg/mL (t(>0.2)) was 85.3+/-10.6 h for ceftiofur sodium and 77.2+/-10.7 h for ceftiofur hydrochloride. In the 5 mg/kg dosage study, C(max) after administration of ceftiofur sodium was 28.3+/-4.45 microg/mL at 0.33-2 h after injection. After administration of ceftiofur hydrochloride, the C(max) was 29.7+/-6.72 microg/mL at 0.66-2 h after injection. Concentrations of ceftiofur and metabolites 96 h after the injection were 0.274+/-0.0550 microg/mL for ceftiofur hydrochloride and 0.224+/-0.0350 microg/mL for ceftiofur sodium. The mean AUC(O-LOQ) after ceftiofur hydrochloride administration was 382+/-89.8 microg x h/mL compared to 302+/-54.4 microg x h/mL after ceftiofur sodium administration. The t(>0.2) was 78.9+/-9.65 h for ceftiofur sodium and 94.2+/-8.64 h for ceftiofur hydrochloride. Based on the similarity of the pharmacokinetic parameters of the sodium and hydrochloride formulations of ceftiofur, similar therapeutic efficacy can be inferred for the two products.  相似文献   

13.
Collard, W. T., Cox, S. R., Lesman, S. P., Grover, G. S., Boucher, J. F., Hallberg, J. W., Robinson, J. A., Brown, S. A. Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur crystalline‐free acid sterile suspension in the equine. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 34 , 476–481. Absolute bioavailability and dose proportionality studies were performed with ceftiofur in horses. In the absolute bioavailability study, thirty animals received either an intravenous dose of ceftiofur sodium at 1.0 mg/kg or an intramuscular (i.m.) dose of ceftiofur crystalline‐free acid (CCFA) at 6.6 mg/kg. In the dose proportionality study, 48 animals received daily i.m. ceftiofur sodium injections at 1.0 mg/kg for ten doses or two doses of CCFA separated by 96 h, with CCFA doses of 3.3, 6.6, or 13.2 mg/kg. Noncompartmental and mixed‐effect modeling procedures were used to assess pharmacokinetics (PK). CCFA was well absorbed with a bioavailability of 100%. AUC0–∞ and Cmax increased in a dose‐related manner following administration of the two doses of CCFA at 3.3, 6.6, and 13.2 mg/kg. The least‐squares mean terminal half‐life (t½) following the tenth daily i.m. injection of ceftiofur sodium at 2.2 mg/kg was 40.8 h, but the least‐squares mean t½ following the second i.m. injection of CCFA at 6.6 mg/kg was 100 h. The time that plasma ceftiofur equivalent concentrations remain above a threshold concentration of 0.2 μg/mL has been associated with efficacy, and following administration of two 6.6 mg/kg doses of CCFA, the mean time above 0.2 μg/mL was 262 h. Simulations with the nonlinear mixed‐effect PK model predicted that more than 97.5% of horses will have plasma ceftiofur equivalent concentrations >0.2 μg/mL for 96 h after the second 6.6 mg/kg dose of CCFA.  相似文献   

14.
Treatment of respiratory infections in horses with ceftiofur sodium.   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
Ceftiofur sodium was evaluated as a therapy for respiratory infections in horses. This cephalosporin antimicrobial was administered intramuscularly every 24 h and at a dose of 2.2 mg/kg (1.0 mg/lb) of body weight. The efficacy of ceftiofur sodium was compared with that of a positive control drug, ampicillin sodium (recommended dose of 6.6 mg/kg [3 mg/lb], given every 12 h). Both treatments were continued for 48 h after clinical symptoms were no longer evident (maximum of 10 days). Fifty-five (55) horses with naturally acquired respiratory infections were included in the study; 28 were treated with ceftiofur and 27 with ampicillin. Clinical improvement was recorded for 92.9% of the patients treated with ceftiofur and 92.6% of the animals receiving ampicillin. Both therapies reduced body temperatures to an afebrile level after 2 days of treatment. Complete recovery/cure was noted for 78.6% of the ceftiofur patients and 59.3% of the horses treated with ampicillin. Supporting variables (depression/malaise, respiration/dyspnoea, nasal discharge) were assessed and these also substantiated the effectiveness of the treatments. Both antibiotics were well tolerated. Neither pain nor swelling were noted at the ceftiofur injection site(s). None of the animals developed diarrhoea. Data from this study indicated that ceftiofur sodium is an effective and safe treatment for respiratory infections in horses.  相似文献   

15.
复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂的药代动力学研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
利用药物动力学的方法考察复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂是否具备缓释长效的特点,同时研究鱼腥草油对头孢噻呋药代动力学的影响。36只SPF大鼠随机平均分成三组:A组单剂量注射复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂,B组单剂量注射盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂,C组单剂量注射头孢噻呋钠粉针;三组注射剂量均为50 mg/(kg.bw)。采用反相高效液相色谱内标法测定血浆药物浓度,并以DAS2.0药动学程序和SPSS(11.0)统计软件对所得数据进行分析。A、B、C组药时数据均符合一级吸收二室模型(权重=1/cc),主要动力学参数如下:A组:T1/2Ka=(1.253±0.100)h,Tpeak=(2.000±0.000)h,Cmax=(35.203±5.732)mg/L,AUC=(229.51±18.278)mg.h/L;B组:T1/2Ka=(0.341±0.090)h,Tpeak=(1.000±0.000)h,Cmax=(43.919±1.51)mg/L,AUC=(188.488±9.611)mg.h/L;C组:T1/2Ka=(0.044±0.012)h,Tpeak=(0.167±0.000)h,Cmax=(159.091±19.971)mg/L,AUC=(128.554±6.625)mg.h/L。实验数据表明,复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂肌肉注射后,其药物动力学特征表现为吸收缓慢,血药浓度平稳,消除半衰期延长,生物利用度高等特点,在临床上注射1次,连用3 d,可以维持有效血液浓度。  相似文献   

16.
盐酸头孢噻呋注射液对奶牛的安全性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
试验旨在研究盐酸头孢噻呋注射液对奶牛的安全性。试验选择20头健康泌乳奶牛,随机分成4组,即1×(2.2 mg/kg bw)、3×(6.6 mg/kg bw)、5×(11.0 mg/kg bw)推荐剂量组和0.9%生理盐水对照组,观察用药后奶牛的直肠温度、精神状态以及乳房局部症状等临床症状,并进行血液生理和血清生化指标的测定。结果显示,盐酸头孢噻呋注射液1×、3×、5×推荐剂量组所有试验动物用药后均无明显的不良反应,血液生理和血清生化指标均在正常范围内,表明盐酸头孢噻呋注射液在临床上用于靶动物奶牛是安全的。  相似文献   

17.
Pharmacokinetic studies of antibiotics in South American camelids are uncommon, therefore drugs are often administered to llamas and alpacas based on dosages established in other domestic species. The disposition of ceftiofur sodium was studied in llamas following intramuscular administration and in alpacas following intravenous and intramuscular administration. Eleven adult llamas were given ceftiofur sodium by intramuscular injection. Each animal received either a standard dose of 2.2 mg/kg or an allometrically scaled dose ranging from 2.62 to 2.99 mg/kg in a crossover design. Ten adult alpacas were given ceftiofur sodium by intravenous and intramuscular injections. Each animal received a standard dosage of 1 mg/kg or an allometrically scaled dose ranging from 1.27 to 1.44 mg/kg i.v., and 1.31-1.51 mg/kg i.m. Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h after administration of the ceftiofur. Pharmacokinetic parameters of ceftiofur in llamas and alpacas were similar following i.m. dosing at both dose levels. The only differences noted were in the total AUC between dose levels, but the AUC/dose values were not different. A sequence effect was noted in the alpaca data, which resulted in lower AUCs for the second dose when the i.v. dose was given first, and with higher AUCs for the second dose when the i.m. dose was given first. Overall, ceftiofur pharmacokinetics in llamas and alpacas are similar, and also very similar to reported parameters for sheep and goats.  相似文献   

18.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the serum and synovial fluid concentrations of ceftiofur sodium after intraarticular (IA) and intravenous (IV) administration and to evaluate the morphologic changes after intraarticular ceftiofur sodium administration. STUDY DESIGN: Strip plot design for the ceftiofur sodium serum and synovial fluid concentrations and a split plot design for the cytologic and histopathologic evaluation. ANIMALS: Six healthy adult horses without lameness. METHODS: Stage 1: Ceftiofur sodium (2.2 mg/kg) was administered IV. Stage 2: 150 mg (3 mL) of ceftiofur sodium (pHavg 6.57) was administered IA into 1 antebrachiocarpal joint. The ceftiofur sodium was reconstituted with sterile sodium chloride solution (pH 6.35). The contralateral joint was injected with 3 mL of 0.9% sterile sodium chloride solution (pH 6.35). Serum and synovial fluid samples were obtained from each horse during each stage. For a given stage, each type of sample (serum or synovial fluid) was collected once before injection and 12 times after injection over a 24-hour period. All horses were killed at 24 hours, and microscopic evaluation of the cartilage and synovium was performed. Serum and synovial fluid concentrations of ceftiofur sodium were measured by using a microbiologic assay, and pharmacokinetic variables were calculated. Synovial fluid was collected from the active joints treated during stage 2 at preinjection and postinjection hours (PIH) 0 (taken immediately after injection of either the ceftiofur sodium or sodium chloride), 12, and 24, and evaluated for differential cellular counts, pH, total protein concentration, and mucin precipitate quality. RESULTS: Concentrations of ceftiofur in synovial fluid after IA administration were significantly higher (P = .0001) than synovial fluid concentrations obtained after IV administration. Mean peak synovial fluid concentrations of ceftiofur after IA and IV administration were 5825.08 microg/mL at PIH .25 and 7.31 microg/mL at PIH 4, respectively. Mean synovial fluid ceftiofur concentrations at PIH 24 after IA and IV administration were 4.94 microg/mL and .12 microg/mL, respectively. Cytologic characteristics of synovial fluid after IA administration did not differ from cytologic characteristics after IA saline solution administration. White blood cell counts after IA ceftiofur administration were < or =3,400 cells/ML. The mean synovial pH of ceftiofur treated and control joints was 7.32 (range, 7.08-7.5) and 7.37 (range, 7.31-7.42), respectively. Grossly, there were minimal changes in synovium or cartilage, and no microscopic differences were detected (P = .5147) between ceftiofur-treated joints and saline-treated joints. The synovial half-life of ceftiofur sodium after IA administration joint was 5.1 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Synovial concentrations after intraarticular administration of 150 mg of ceftiofur sodium remained elevated above minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC90) over 24 hours. After 2.2 mg/kg IV, the synovial fluid ceftiofur concentration remained above MIC no longer than 8 hours. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ceftiofur sodium may be an acceptable broad spectrum antimicrobial to administer IA in septic arthritic equine joints.  相似文献   

19.
Three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), flunixin, ketoprofen and carprofen, were used in conjunction with ceftiofur, in the treatment of naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease. Sixty-six mixed-breed beef cattle weighing on average 197 kg met the inclusion criteria of pyrexia of at least 40 degrees C, an illness score indicating at least moderate illness and at least moderate dyspnoea. They were allocated randomly to four treatment groups. All the groups received ceftiofur for three days at a dose rate of 1.1 mg/kg by intramuscular injection, and three groups received, in addition, a single dose of either flunixin (2.2 mg/kg by intravenous injection) or ketoprofen (3 mg/kg by intravenous injection) or carprofen (1.4 mg/kg by subcutaneous injection). During the first 24 hours of the study, the pyrexia of the three groups treated with a NSAID was reduced significantly more than the pyrexia of the group treated with ceftiofur alone, and two and four hours after treatment the reduction in pyrexia was significantly greater in the groups treated with flunixin and ketoprofen than in the group treated with carprofen. There were no statistically significant differences between the four groups with respect to depression, illness scores, dyspnoea or coughing. There was less lung consolidation in the three groups treated with a NSAID than in the animals treated with ceftiofur alone, but the difference was significant only in the group treated with flunixin.  相似文献   

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