共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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【目的】解决渠道控制中以单个渠段蓄量为控制对象时,存在调蓄容量有限、相邻渠池间的蓄量变化无法相互调节的问题。【方法】提出一种等下游水深的多渠池蓄量平衡运行方式,并建立了基于蓄量变化的闸门目标流量计算方法,采用南水北调东线济平干渠为工程背景进行建模仿真验证。【结果】多渠池蓄量平衡模式下,对蓄量差乘以一定权重系数能有效降低闸门流量超调、缩短稳定时间;在正常运行工况下,该算法较常规下游常水位控制模式对渠首水库造成的调蓄压力更小,各无量纲性能指标整体较优,系统稳定时间最长缩短10 h;考虑流量变化较大的工况时,针对济平干渠渠池长度差异将近10倍的现状,发现增设节制闸减小单渠池长度后,该算法整体稳定时间进一步减小,各无量纲性能指标均不同程度提高。【结论】多渠池蓄量控制优于单个渠池蓄量控制,此算法为多渠池蓄量控制的进一步研究奠定基础。 相似文献
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明渠调水工程中为适时适量的满足下游用水需求,需要提前制定控制方案。前馈控制方案的设计往往较为复杂,且影响因素众多,调度人员难以快速做出决策。基于蓄量补偿法对南水北调中线工程刁河节制闸至十二里河节制闸段作前馈控制,基于蓄量补偿计算结果,分析了初始流量、分水流量与前馈控制时间的关系,构建了单、双变量的前馈控制时间快速计算公式。探究了不同因素对蓄量补偿控制下游水位偏差的影响,得到初始流量、分水流量与下游水位最大偏差之间的函数关系式。针对工程运行中的极端工况,原蓄量补偿控制的下游水位偏差过大的问题,采用二次蓄量补偿规则对渠池进行前馈控制,有效减小了下游水位偏差。 相似文献
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串联渠系PID改进积分与微分环节仿真研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
渠道系统自动化运行是提高明渠输水系统水资源利用效率的有效途径,其基本思路是通过节制闸的实时调节维持渠道内的水位、流量在一定的目标状态。经典PID控制算法在应用到渠道控制中存在微分环节极易引起超调甚至系统失稳的问题,因而实际渠系控制器多采用比例积分环节(PI),其缺点是响应缓慢。为了提高渠系控制的响应速度、减小系统调节动作量,在PID算法的积分环节中引入启动阈值,并采用惯性环节串联补偿微分环节。采用ASCE的标准渠道测试算例进行建模仿真,计算结果表明改进算法在传统PID算法的基础上降低系统超调、减少闸门的调节量;在PI算法的基础上提高系统响应速度。 相似文献
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陈天顺 《中国农村水利水电》1999,(10):27-28
为了实现多级提灌工程中支渠流量的计算机控制,提高渠系水利用系数,在分析闸孔出流水力计算的基础上,得出了闸孔出水流量与闸门开度、闸前水头调节控制的计算机监控数学模型,并提出了实现闸前水头监测转换和闸门开度调节控制的具体方法 相似文献
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明渠调水工程闸前常水位运行控制解耦研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
解耦是降低或消除渠道运行控制过程中渠池间相互影响的必要途径。对闸前常水位运行渠道的耦合作用进行了分析,对闸门开度输出解耦(Decoupler 1和Decoupler 2)和流量输出解耦方法的结构组成、解耦原理进行了分析。结合南水北调中线京石段渠道,采用非恒定流数值仿真的方式,对2种方法的解耦效果及解耦参数的选定进行了研究。结果表明,2类解耦方法都能有效降低渠道上下游方向的耦合影响,流量输出的方法在下游方向的解耦效果更好;解耦使系统的响应特性偏向敏感;解耦系数的选取直接影响系统的响应速度与振荡程度,建议通过仿真确定。 相似文献
6.
采用明渠水槽模拟河段,设置上游水闸,模拟分析不同的水流、不同的闸门开启条件下,闸门运行对水流情势和污染物迁移转化的影响.通过实验观测和模拟,研究闸门调节流量与上、下游水位的关系,分别比较了河道是否设置闸门、瞬间开闸与稳定闸门开度状态下,下泄流量污染物浓度变化.实验结果分析表明,通过合理的调度,闸门在一定开度下可以起到既保证上游污染物通过闸门,减少闸前污染物质的聚集,又可降低闸下河道沿程的污染物分布的作用,为进一步在实践中确定合理的考虑污染控制的闸坝调控方案提供了实验依据. 相似文献
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淤沙压力对多泥沙河流水力自控翻板闸门的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对双支点复合运动式水力自控翻板闸门的运转机理和受力平衡的分析,讨论了水力自控翻板闸门在多泥沙河流与清水河流上应用的不同,推导出最高启门水位条件下翻板闸门能正常翻转的闸前临界淤沙高度公式,通过算例得到最高启门水位下闸前临界淤沙高度值,进而得出临界淤沙高度与门顶启门水位的关系,为分析淤沙压力对多泥沙河流水力自控翻板闸门的影响提供依据。 相似文献
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带观测器的渠道控制系统设计与运行模拟仿真 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在渠道运行控制系统中 ,只能用有限的水位测量来确定节制闸门的开度调节 ,而渠道水体经常受到外来干扰 ,水位传感器存在量测误差 ,将这些干扰和误差按白噪声处理 ,应用最优估计理论设计渠道运行系统观测器 ,求解观测器增益矩阵 Ke。通过对实验渠道的模拟仿真说明所设计的观测器能跟踪水流状态的变化 ;用观测器估计的水流状态反馈能将渠道水面线从初始位置控制转移到目标位置 ;闸门运行是稳定的。提出的渠道测量—控制系统设计方法可以作为渠道自动控制设计的理论参考 相似文献
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利用HEC-RAS模型,计算分析了下游拦河闸建设后,河道行洪时,闸门在全开、无法开启及溃决3种不同运行工况下,上游铁路桥桥址处河道水位、流量、流速的变化情况,进而计算出各工况下桥址处冲刷深度。结果表明,与建闸前相比,建闸后上游桥址处水位均有一定程度升高,其中闸门无法开启时水位升高最大,较建闸前升高10.7%;闸门溃决时,桥址处最大流量增加11.34%,最大平均流速增加11.11%,河槽和河滩部位最大冲刷深度均有增加,但都在允许冲刷深度范围内,拦河闸不会对上游铁路桥安全运行产生不利影响。研究成果可对河道类似工程安全运行提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
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农业灌溉,需通过沿渠节制闸进行流量调节,掌握渠道中非恒定流的动态变化过程,具有十分重要的社会价值和应用意义。基于特征线法离散圣维南方程,模拟引汤灌区部分渠系在闸门调控下的非恒定流过渡过程,并与Mike11软件模拟结果进行对比,表明所建模型具有一定的可靠性。此外,在模拟结果基础上,进行了简单的闸门运行设计,根据闸下出流理论建立闸门开度调控模型,模拟结果表明在流量线性变化的条件下闸门开度也为线性变化,针对多级闸门同步与逐级调节情况下渠道中的非恒定流过程进行模拟,总结了两种方式的优缺点。 相似文献
11.
为了研究渠道运行控制中渠系建筑物的前馈控制时间,综合考虑上游调控及分水口调控对下游水量的影响,采用水量恒定方法,构建了渠道前馈控制时间计算模型,并将模型应用于山西省夹马口灌区.结果表明:模型所采用的流量拟合方程及参数对流量的拟合精度较高,能够有效表达下游流量在渠道调控下的变化情况,当采用该模型计算的调控时间进行控制时,可以基本保证流向下游的总水量恒定,水量偏差为0.8 m3.利用模型进一步分析了不同流量下的调控时间,发现随着流量的增大,分水口最优调控时间逐渐减小,在此基础上得到了流量-前馈控制时间、水深-前馈控制时间的线性拟合公式,为夹马口灌区渠道运行控制提供了参考. 相似文献
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Improved water management and efficient investment in the modernization of irrigation schemes are essential measures in many countries to satisfy the increasing demand for water. Automatic control of the main canals is one method for increasing the efficiency and flexibility of irrigation systems. In 2005, one canal in the irrigation scheme ‘Sector B-XII del Bajo Guadalquivir’ was monitored. This canal is representative of irrigation schemes in Southern Spain; it is divided into four pools and supplies an area of 5154 ha. Ultrasonic sensors and pressure transducers were used to record the gate opening and water levels at the upstream and downstream ends of each canal pool. Using the recorded data and the SIC (Simulation of Irrigation Canals) hydraulic model, two canal control options (local upstream control and distant downstream control) were evaluated using a PI (Proportional-Integral) control algorithm. First, the SIC model was calibrated and validated under steady-state conditions. Then the proportional and integral gains of the PI algorithm were calibrated. The controllers were tested using theoretical demand changes (constant outflow followed by a sudden demand increase or decrease) and real demand changes generated on the basis of a spatially distributed crop water balance that included a number of sources of variability (random and not random) in the determination of field irrigation timing and depth. The results obtained show that only the distant downstream controller was able to adjust quickly and automatically the canal dynamics to the varying water demands; it achieved this efficiently and with few spills at the canal tail, even when there were sudden and significant flow variations. 相似文献
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A rotational water supply system is designed to deliver a constant flow of water among irrigators along a tertiary canal. Under the existing rotational system in Pakistan transmission losses along the canal are not considered. A constant time per unit irrigated area is allocated to all the farmers regardless of their location along the canal. This results in decreasing volumes of water delivered to downstream farmers. A variable time model is developed which allocates more time to the downstream farmers to deliver a constant volume of water per unit area to all the farmers in the command area of a tertiary unit. 相似文献
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G.G.A. Godaliyadda D. Renault H.M. Hemakumara I.W. Makin 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1999,13(1):33-55
Improvements to normal operational procedures are investigated for the main types of irrigation system identified in Sri Lanka. Scheduled and unscheduled changes of flow regime the systems are likely to experience and the opportunities for improved operations related to the physical characteristics of each type are analyzed.Performance of several alternative manual operational procedures are evaluated and compared using a hydraulic model (Simulation of Irrigation Canal, SIC) for three different irrigation subsystem types (Single Bank canal; Double Bank canal; Canals with intermediate Storage). Results of these simulations show that current practice, based on a fixed frequency of operation of 12 hrs and a target water depth set to the spill level of the cross-regulator, is not far from the optimal for systems without on-line storage. A slight improvement can be expected if the frequency of operation is increased to 6 hrs. For systems with on-line storage it is recommended to split operational procedures into two parts, one related to the canal and one to the storage. Among different options investigated, discharge control at the downstream regulator of the storage appears to be the most reliable as it performs well whatever operation procedures are selected for the canal.Irrigation systems in Sri Lanka are subject to frequent positive flow changes (Supply fluctuations, Runoff, Return-flow changes). As far as water management is concerned, improvements to be expected from normal operation procedures appear to be somewhat limited because management of flow changes is not an objective. For instance little effort is made to harvest runoff under the current practices. One conclusion of the study is that new strategies for the harvest, storage and release of positive flow changes should be tested and, where appropriate, implemented to improve the overall efficiency of operation in irrigation systems in Sri Lanka. 相似文献
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The intended operation of the Rio Tunuyan irrigation scheme in the province of Mendoza, Argentina, is to divide flow proportionately over the entire area in accordance with registered water-rights. The main division of flow is by regulators at the heads of the lateral canals, which serve areas of appr. 15,000 ha. Taking the sub-lateral or secondary canal Viejo Retamo as an example, this paper discusses the flow division downstream of these regulators. The operation of the canal is evaluated with two performance indicators: -the ratio of volume of water intended to be supplied to the tertiary units over the volume of water actually supplied, and -the misallocation of water in volume. In the Rio Tunuyan scheme, there is also a relation between the evapotranspiration of crops and the groundwater level: if less than 60% of the supplied canal water evapotranspires, the groundwater level rises. 相似文献
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基于恒定渐变流基本微分方程,采用数值分析理论,得到流程与始、末段水深的解析函数,通过该函数可直接计算沿程水面线。该方法比《水工隧洞设计规范》中推荐的分段求和试算法更简单、便捷,特别对水深较敏感段。规范推荐试算法误差较大,并且逐段试算推求水深,将导致末端断面水深误差逐步累积,误差大,精度下降。通过工程实例计算比较得出:新解析法计算结果与规范推荐法(程序)计算结果基本一致,甚至优于规范推荐的分段试算法,完全满足工程实践要求。 相似文献
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针对引黄济津应急调水工程河北段的输水能力进行了研究。渠段的输水能力是指渠段所能通过的最大入流量，即渠段的首端断面所能通过的最大流量。根据引黄济津应急调水工程近4年的实测数据，构建了适于干河床水流推进过程渗漏损失的改进模型、小水深情况下的糙率加大模型，并采用均匀试验优选方法对水力参数进行了反演，利用非恒定流模型对引黄济津河北段渠系输水能力进行了计算。结果表明，建立的渗漏损失改进模型、小水深情况下的糙率加大模型是合理的，反演得到的参数是精确的；由于在水流推进与涨水阶段渠床的非稳定渗漏起了较大作用，所以各渠段的输水能力在非稳定输水阶段比稳定输水阶段稍大。输水能力的计算结果可以为引黄济津未来几年的输水规划与调度提供具体的指导。 相似文献