共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 500 毫秒
1.
通过对西藏色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉原始林林隙更新调查，研究了林隙大小与更新以及林隙形成年龄与更新的关系，对林隙和非林隙林分内幼苗和幼树的高生长进行了比较。结果表明：林隙大小在100m^2左右，最适合于苗高20cm以下的更新幼苗生存，超过100m^2，更新幼苗随着林隙面积的增大而减少；林隙大小在300m^2左右，最适合冷杉幼树和小径木的生存。林隙形成年龄在30a左右，更新幼苗和幼树的数量最多，而小径木数量有限，随着林隙形成年龄的增大，小径木数量逐渐增多，而幼苗和幼树逐渐减少；林隙内幼苗、幼树和小径木的密度均大于非林隙林分；林隙对3年生以下幼苗的高生长影响不大，对4年生以上幼树的高生长有促进作用，特别是对9年生至16年生幼树高生长的促进作用最明显。 相似文献
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选取山西省黑茶山国有林管理局城庄沟林场内典型天然油松林,采用标准地调查法调查其更新情况,结果显示:该区域内天然油松林下更新树种主要有油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)、白桦(Betula platyphylla)、辽东栎(Quercus wutaishansea)、皂柳(Salix wallichiana)、落叶松(Larix gmelinii),天然更新等级为中等。油松幼苗的年龄结构有着非常明显的变化,各年龄阶段的油松幼苗个体数分布不均匀;油松天然更新幼苗都在4年生以上,占总数量的90.6%,4年生以下的幼龄苗数量非常少。油松天然更新幼苗高度级个体数结构图呈"L"形,个体频率高峰出现在高度级较高的级别上,高度级较低的油松幼苗数量较少,可采取适当的人为干扰措施,减轻幼苗间的生存竞争,以促进该区域内油松天然更新幼苗成林。 相似文献
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在全面踏查的基础上选择3种典型林型样地对建平地区油松人工林天然更新苗进行了研究,结果表明:裸岩油松林中林下油松幼苗最少,禾草油松林林下更新幼苗最多,山杏油松混交林次之;阳坡林窗内及边缘幼苗少,而阴坡条件下幼苗较多;裸岩油松林幼苗组成结构最为单一,山杏油松林最为复杂,禾草油松林次之;林下地被物的厚度对幼苗的发生与生长也有影响,地被物越厚,更新苗越少,地被物稀少,幼苗越多。 相似文献
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调查太白山巴山冷杉-牛皮桦混交林林下与林隙乔木更新及土壤化学性质,分析林隙及土壤化学性质对乔木更新的影响.结果表明:巴山冷杉-牛皮桦混交林乔木更新苗密度较小,为0.059株·m-2,但林下与林隙均以巴山冷杉更新苗为主;林下与林隙乔木更新苗密度差异不显著(P=0.160),但巴山冷杉幼苗密度表现为林隙内显著高于林下(P =0.012);相关分析表明,小林隙更利于巴山冷杉更新(r=- 0.397,P=0.030),而林隙大小对牛皮桦更新没有显著影响(r=0.125,P=0.511);在林下,土壤碱解N、全P含量和pH值与牛皮桦更新苗密度呈显著正相关;在林隙内,土壤全P和有效P含量与巴山冷杉更新苗密度呈显著负相关,全P含量与牛皮桦幼树密度呈显著负相关;林下土壤有机质含量、全N含量和有效P含量及林隙土壤pH值、有机质含量、全N含量和碱解N含量与牛皮桦和巴山冷杉更新苗密度均没有显著相关关系;林下土壤pH值显著高于林隙,而有机质、全N、碱解N、全P和有效P含量显著低于林隙. 相似文献
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《林业科学》2017,(4)
【目的】研究林隙大小对蒙古栎、水曲柳人工更新幼树生长、形态、生物量及其分配特征的影响,为2个树种的林隙内及林冠下人工更新提供理论依据。【方法】以长白山地区15年生蒙古栎和9年生水曲柳人工更新幼树为研究对像,采用随机抽样法,对不同大小林隙(大、中、小林隙和林冠下)内蒙古栎和水曲柳幼树进行生长、形态(枝系特征、叶片特征)调查,测定2个树种的单株生物量并探讨其分配特征。【结果】随林隙减小,蒙古栎和水曲柳幼树的树高、地径、冠长和冠幅均显著减小(P0.05);2个树种的1级枝长度和1级枝基径均显著减小(P0.05),1级枝密度均表现为增加趋势,1级枝分枝角度均增大;2个树种的叶片长、宽、单叶面积及单株叶面积指数均呈下降趋势,比叶面积均表现为先下降后增加的趋势;2个树种的单株生物量显著减小(P0.05),蒙古栎幼树根冠比逐渐下降,水曲柳幼树根冠比则先下降后增加。【结论】大林隙能显著促进蒙古栎、水曲柳幼树生长,小林隙和林冠下则抑制其生长;林隙对更新苗木的影响长时间持续存在,因而用较长时间的林隙内幼树生长效果评价林隙大小对幼树生长的影响更可靠;林隙大小对人工更新蒙古栎幼树生长的影响高于对水曲柳的影响,人工更新时,蒙古栎适宜较大林隙,水曲柳则适宜较小林隙。 相似文献
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海南霸王岭热带山地雨林林隙幼苗库动态规律研究 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
分析了海南岛霸王岭自然保护区热带山地雨林林隙内树种的种类组成、数量动态以及林隙年龄和林隙面积对树种组成及数量的影响。结果表明 :热带山地雨林林隙树种组成十分复杂 ,数量分布极不均匀 ,种间差异较大 ,2 7个林隙中共有乔木 116种 ,其中数量较多的 10个种的个体数量占到总个体数量的 4 7 0 3% ,而个体数量较少的 5 8个种的个体数仅占总个体数的 6 0 2 %。林隙面积大小对树种幼苗的种类组成和数量有较大影响 ,幼苗种密度和个体密度随林隙面积的增大而减小 ;幼树和成树在不同大小林隙中的种密度和个体密度变化不大。成熟林隙明显比早期林隙和中等年龄林隙有较大的幼苗个体密度和种密度 ,不同年龄林隙内幼树和成树的个体密度变化也不大。幼苗向幼树的转化率在大林隙和成熟林隙内明显高于小林隙和幼龄林隙。依据林隙树木幼苗数量变化的差异 ,可将林隙填充者分为 4种不同类型。 相似文献
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在水曲柳、胡桃楸和黄菠萝次生林内,对选择的优良单株进行营养空间弱度、中度和强度调控后的林下和林隙内人工更新胡桃楸。试验表明,林龄2年,在强度和中度营养空间调控林下人工更新胡桃楸效果良好,树高增长25.0%、10.4%,冻害率低,冻害长度小;在林隙内人工更新胡桃楸,幼树生长、冻害与林隙面积关系密切,林隙70 m^2、50 m^2,胡桃楸幼树树高增长25.0%、22.7%,冻害率30.4%、6.7%,冻害长度10.1 cm、3.0 cm,人工更新胡桃楸林隙面积50 m^2左右较为适宜。 相似文献
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为了阐明华北落叶松人工林不同林隙大小对更新的影响规律,对木兰围场低效华北落叶松人工林林隙内苗木更新特性进行了研究。结果表明:林隙内更新苗的主要种类有华北落叶松、山杨和油松。华北落叶松和山杨的密度在林隙面积为120~140m2时最大,达到2 411株/hm2;而油松的密度在林隙面积为20~40m2时最大,为196株/hm2。随着林隙面积的增大,华北落叶松和山杨大径级和大高度级更新幼苗数量基本呈现增加的趋势,在林隙面积达到160~180m2时达到最大值;而油松在40~60m2时达到最大,径级大于2cm的更新苗密度为69株/hm2。 相似文献
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通过对章古台沙地樟子松、赤松、油松人工林天然更新规律、密度、生长指标的测定及覆盖对其1年生幼苗越冬保存率影响的研究,结果表明：1、种松树人工林更新方式主要为林隙翌新和林缘更新,赤松有林下更新。降水量的大小显著影响天然更新密度和越冬保存率,降水量大的年份天然更新密度大、越冬保存率高。试验地内1年生幼苗天然更新的密度大小为赤松〉樟子松〉油松;自然越冬保存率大小为油松〉赤松〉樟子松。围封区内自然越冬存活下来的2年生以上幼树天然更新的密度大小为赤松〉油松〉樟子松。7年生林缘天然更新3树种生长指标大小分别为树高——赤松〉油松〉樟子松,地径——油松〉樟子松〉赤松,侧枝数和枝条总生长量——油松〉赤松〉樟子松。1年生幼苗经覆盖后越冬保存率远高于未覆盖的,因此应采取覆盖等人工促进措施,保证樟子松、赤松、油松1年生幼苗安全越冬。 相似文献
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燕山山地油松人工林林隙大小对更新的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
林隙(gap)又称林窗,指森林群落中老龄树木死亡或偶然因素(如干旱、台风、火灾等)造成成熟阶段的优势种死亡,从而形成林冠空隙的现象(Watt,1947)。美国生态学家Runkle(1982)将林隙分为2种,一种是林冠空隙(canopy gap),指上方无树冠遮荫的部分,即太阳处于正中位置时无树冠遮荫的面积之和;另一种是扩展林隙(expanded gap),指形成该林隙周围树木基部所包围的面积(Runkle,1981)。本研究所指的林隙为应用最为广泛的扩展林隙。近年来的森林动态学研究表明:林隙在森林结构和多样性维持中起着重要的作用,已 相似文献
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Tree regeneration in gap-understory mosaics in a subtropical Shorea robusta(Sal) forest 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《林业研究》2019,(6)
Spatial variation in tree-regeneration density is attributed to the specialization of tree species to light availability for germination and growth. Light availability,in turn, varies across the gap-understorey mosaic. Canopy gaps provide an important habitat for the regeneration of tree species that would otherwise be suppressed in the understory. In subtropical forests, there is still a knowledge-gap relating to how canopy disturbances influence tree-regeneration patterns at local scale, and if they disproportionately favor regeneration of certain species. We aim to analyze whether canopy gaps promote tree regeneration, and tree species are specialized to gaps or understory for germination and growth. We sampled vegetation in 128 plots(0.01 ha), equally distributed in gaps and below canopy, in two subtropical Shorea robusta Gaertn.(Sal) forests in Nepal, recording the number of tree seedlings and saplings in each plot. We compared the regeneration density of seedlings and saplings separately between gaps and the understorey. The mean densities of seedlings and saplings were higher in the gaps at both sites;although there was no difference in the seedling density of the majority of the species between the habitats. No species were confined to either gap or understorey at the seedling stage. We conclude that gaps are not critical for the germination of tree species in Sal forests but these are an important habitat for enabling seedlings to survive into saplings. The classification of trees into regeneration guilds mainly based on germination does not apply to the majority of tree species in subtropical Sal forests. Our results reaffirm that gap creation promotes tree regeneration by favouring seedling survival and growth and can influence forest management for conservation, as well as for plantations. 相似文献
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以川中丘陵区"带状采伐+补阔"试验基地作为研究对象,调查其林下天然更新情况。结果表明:(1)采伐带、保留带天然更新的幼树幼苗明显高于对照样地(P<0.05)。10m、8 m、6 m、4m采伐带、保留带的天然更新幼树幼苗分别是对照的10.63倍、9.38倍、7.92倍、7.50倍和3.33倍、3.75倍、4.38倍、6.04倍。(2)采伐带、保留带、对照样地内的更新幼树幼苗的树高均显现为左偏单峰结构,且均以树高≤0.1m的幼苗数量最多。不同带宽采伐带和保留带内天然更新的幼树幼苗高度分级占比不尽相同。(3)所有处理下的天然更新的幼树幼苗均呈聚集状分布的状态,且聚集强度较大。(4)除柏木外,天然更新的树种种类多以香樟、香椿、乌桕等喜阳或半喜阳的为主。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):399-404
Abstract There is a growing interest in the effects of deciduous trees on biodiversity, soil processes and long-term productivity in boreal, conifer-dominated forests. This study investigated whether individual birch trees allowed to grow to maturity in the coniferous forest can have a local effect on floristic richness and regeneration of tree saplings. The ground vegetation was compared in 2?m radius plots around the stem under the canopies of matched conifer–deciduous trees in a mature, conifer-dominated forest, and included in the analysis variables that could potentially mediate the tree effect (soil pH, cover of lichens, bryophytes, leaf and needle litter). The field layer vegetation was more species rich under birch (Betula pendula and B. pubescens) than under conifers (Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris), and several vascular plant species (including saplings of tree species) occurred more often under birch than under conifers. However, when the effect of the number of subordinate trees was taken into account the difference between birch and pine was not significant. The number of tree regenerations (saplings) was lowest under pines, but did not differ between spruce and birch. There were no effects of the canopy species on soil pH or on cover of lichens and bryophytes. The difference in diversity may be caused by the different effects of leaf and needle litter, and it is also likely that canopy structure has an influence via interception and throughfall and by affecting the light and microclimate. 相似文献
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章古台固沙林更新造林中天然更新的结合与利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
辽宁省章古台固沙林经过经营疏伐与块状采伐以后,通风透光条件改善,促进了天然下种更新。天然更新强度,在采伐迹地为690株·hm^-2,人工更新造林地为575株·hm^-2,油松和赤松林下松树为181株·hm^-2,其他树种295株·hm^-2。通过采取保护1年生樟子松幼树越冬,抚育油松、赤松幼树等措施,促进针叶树天然更新。在更新造林中,沙丘下部与丘间低地营造杨树,利用行间天然更新树木形成阔叶树混交林,沙丘中上部营造针叶树,利用行间天然更新灌木,形成乔灌混交林。 相似文献
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大青山人工油松单木生长模型的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
文章利用内蒙古大青山油松人工林的调查数据来研究内蒙古大青山油松人工林单木生长模型。结果表明:①不同立地条件下油松人工林的树高、胸径和材积及其相应的生长量和峰值时的连年生长量以下坡最大,上坡最小,中坡介于二者之间。②用Logistic模型y=k/(1+ea-rt)拟合不同立地条件下油松人工林的树高、胸径和材积的生长过程,不同立地条件下的参数值不同,模型的拟合精度较高,R2均在0.90以上。③用Logistic模型的三阶导数d3y/dt3=kr3 ea-rt(e2lna-2rt-4ea-rt+1)(1+ea-r)-4划分不同立地条件下油松人工林树高、胸径和材积的各个生长阶段,结果表明油松人工林以下坡前慢期最短,进入后慢期的时间最晚,速生期持续时间最长;上坡前慢期最长,进入后慢期的时间最早,速生期持续时间最短;中坡介于二者之间。总的来看,内蒙古大青山油松人工林生长速生期的时间树高为7~19龄、胸径为8~24龄、材积为14~30龄。 相似文献
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A. Hirata T. SakaiK. Takahashi T. SatoH. Tanouchi H. SugitaH. Tanaka 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(7):1280-1288
There is an increasing need to restore natural hardwood forests in landscapes dominated by monocultural conifer plantations. A convenient restoration approach is to exploit natural regeneration processes. Natural regeneration, however, is affected by diverse interacting factors, for which better understanding is required, in order to optimize restoration programs. To identify optimal management practices for improving natural regeneration of hardwood trees in coniferous plantations, we examined the effects of multiple factors on the abundance of seedlings, small saplings and large saplings (height <0.3, 0.3-1.3 and ?1.3 m, respectively) of hardwood tree and shrub species in both line thinned (LT) and unthinned (UT) plantations of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) and hardwood forests (HF) in central Japan. The effects of management practices (number of the times of weeding and cleaning, thinning method, years after thinning and forest age), environment (slope position, slope angle and canopy openness), and landscape conditions (distance from nearest hardwood forest, altitude and landuse before planting) on the number of hardwood individuals were examined by using the data obtained from the LT plantations. We also compared hardwood density between LT and UT plantations to examine the effect of line thinning. Finally, we examined species composition of LT plantations and HF to identify hardwood forest components in the thinned plantations. The effects on hardwood regeneration of environmental conditions, landscape factors and management practices applied in the plantations varied, depending on the size class and life form of the regenerating species. The abundance of large saplings of tall tree species was affected by several management factors, especially number of the times of weeding. Landscape conditions (distance from the nearest hardwood forest and altitude) affected the abundance of small saplings and seedlings of tall tree species, but not the other classes. Seedlings and small saplings of many tall tree species that contribute to hardwood forest canopies were less abundant in the LT plantations. The results show that numerous factors affect the establishment and abundance of naturally regenerating hardwood tree species, and suggest that successful establishment during early plantation stages can have long-lasting effects on natural regeneration of tall tree species. 相似文献
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秦岭山地云杉林结构特征与更新动态的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
云杉 (ＰｉｃｅａａｓｐｅｒａｔａＭａｓｔ.)林是秦岭林区高中山地带的顶极群落类型之一 ,由于其蓄积量高、材质优良 ,亦为秦岭林区开发利用最早的森林类型 (张仰渠 ,1 988)。陕西省云杉天然林面积日渐稀少 ,且资源分散 ,因此恢复云杉林在高山地带特有的防护作用 ,是秦岭林区一个重要的研究课题。本文根据对该林区天然云杉林、择伐更新林及皆伐迹地更新林的调查对比分析 ,研究了云杉林的结构特征及其更新动态 ,以期为探索该区云杉林的恢复途径及扩大这一树种资源提供科学依据。1 研究区概况及方法1 1 研究区概况 该研究在陕西省宝鸡市… 相似文献