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1.
华南地区山地木麻黄种源试验与筛选 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
依据首次建立在华南地区的各含 2 8个种源的两片山地木麻黄种源试验数据 ,分析了 1～ 4a生树高、胸径、单株材积和保存率等 4个性状的方差分量、遗传变异系数和遗传力等遗传参数。结果表明树高、胸径、单株材积和保存率在地点间、种源间及种源×地点互作间均有显著或极显著差异。当不考虑种源×地点互作效应互作时 ,3～ 4a生性状种源广义遗传力 ,树高变幅为 11 0 0 %～ 13 80 % ,胸径为 3 32 %～ 5 5 5 % ,单株材积为 5 4 0 %～ 8 30 %。以用材林为培育目的 ,依据 4a生树高、胸径、单株材积和保存率计算的综合评定值大小 ,分别对两个试验的参试种源进行了排序和选优 ,以 2 5 %的入选率 ,每试验各有 7个种源入选。E96 8试验的优良种源为 1884 4、194 89、192 4 0、17877、194 91、194 90和 192 39;E96 6中优良种源为 192 38、1884 7、1885 3、17877、1895 0、1885 2和 1894 9。筛选后树高、胸径和单株材积可获得明显的遗传增益。参试种源树高、胸径、单株材积和保存率性状间均表现出极显著正相关。树高早期表型相关和遗传相关极其显著 ,可用于树高的早期预测。最后 ,预测了山地木麻黄优良种源在中国潜在适生范围 相似文献
2.
大花序桉种源/家系试验的早期研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用方差分析和聚类分析方法对建立在广西玉林市林科所和广西钦廉林场2.5年生大花序桉种源/家系试验林的生长量进行了分析研究,发现这2个试验点大花序桉的树高、胸径、单株材积等生长性状无论在种源间,还是家系间均存在显著差异;种源的树高生长与地点有明显的交互作用,而胸径、单株材积与地点的交互作用则不显著;家系的树高、胸径、单株材积生长与地点的交互作用显著;种源的生长表现与原产地地理位置无显著相关关系;同时初步选择了各自表现好的优良种源与家系。 相似文献
3.
对华南地区短枝木麻黄种源 16个性状的两试点联合方差分析表明 :除 PBA和 PBL 外 ,其它性状在地点间有极显著差异 ,表明参试种源在两个地点分别进行种源筛选 ;除 1年生树高、2～ 3年生单株材积外 ,其它数量性状在种源间有显著或极显著差异 ;4年生的树高、胸径、单株材积、PBD、PBT、PBL在种源×地点 ( P× S)互作间有显著或极显著差异。方差分量比例计算结算表明 ,2～ 4年生时 ,除 4年生单株材积方差分量比例略有降低外 ,树高、胸径和单株材积的地点方差分量比例及 P× S互作的方差分量比例均随年龄的增加而增加 ;质量性状 SFA、SFS、PBD和 PBT,地点方差分量比例最大 ,而种源或加上 P× S互作的方差分量 <10 %。当不考虑 P× S互作效应时 ,种源数量性状和质量性状的遗传变异系数和广义遗传力均比考虑互作效应时相应性状的遗传变异系数和广义遗传力大。4年生树高、胸径、保存率、SFA和 SF S等 6个性状 ,按地点对参试种源进行评定结果为 :试验 E94 6中 ,优良种源为 180 86、18118、183 55、180 13、182 4 4、18119、182 88、183 4 8、180 15和 180 0 8;试验 E94 4中优良种源有 18154、183 55、1812 8、18143、18153、1812 7、1813 4、142 3 3和 182 88。这些种源均好于国内对照种源 ,分别占各自参试种源的 相似文献
4.
以8年生赤桉种源试验林的141个家系为材料,进行3个生长性状遗传变异分析,并根据各家系单株材积表现进行优良家系选择,结果表明：树高、胸径、材积3个性状在家系水平存在极显著的差异;家系遗传力与单株遗传力具有同样的规律：胸径遗传力〉树高遗传力〉单株材积遗传力。由遗传相关系数来看,以家系单株材积表现进行赤桉优树选择比其他性状更具指导意义。以表现水平法和T检验,2个不同参照标准,选择出103、106、108号等13个优良家系,其中前3名家系单株平均材积分别达0.1120m3、0.0944m3和0.0936m3。 相似文献
5.
以广西桂林和柳州的邓恩桉种源/家系(6个种源53个家系)试验林为材料,对8.5年生胸径以及10.5年生胸径、树高、材积、木材密度和树皮厚度的遗传变异进行了研究,结果表明:10.5年生时,邓恩桉在桂林和柳州的平均单株材积分别为0.218、0.189 m~3,平均木材密度分别为521.0、483.7 kg·m~3,树皮厚度分别为1.15、1.26 cm;10.5年生材积性状和木材密度在种源间差异不显著(P＞0.10),10.5年生木材密度在家系间差异显著(P＜0.05);树皮厚度在种源间、家系间差异均不显著(P＞0.10).除8.5年生胸径外,其他性状的试验地点与种源间交互作用不显著(P＞0.10);8.5年生胸径、10.5年生树高、木材密度均存在显著的试验地点与家系间交互作用(P＜0.05);10.5年生树皮厚在种源、家系水平上和地点均不存在显著的交互作用.8.5年生胸径、10.5年生胸径与树高的遗传力在0.128 9～0.234 5间,木材密度的遗传力为0.700 0～0.962 9,树皮厚度的遗传力为0.105 3～0.335 7. 相似文献
6.
对6年生桤木种源/家系的多点试验林的材性进行了研究,结果表明木材基本密度和纤维长度的种源间差异极显著,家系间差异不显著;木材基本密度的种源×地点的交互作用并未达到显著水平,纤维长度的种源×地点的交互作用达到显著水平.3个地点木材基本密度的种源遗传力和家系遗传力分别为0.5648～0.6618、0.2857～0.6535;木材纤维长度种源遗传力和家系遗传力分别为0.2553～0.7895、0.2905～0.4528.木材密度、纤维长度和生长性状三者之间的相关关系均不显著,可以进行3个性状的独立选择.提出桤木木材密度和纤维长度随年龄变化的生长模型和早晚期相关关系,适宜的早期选择年龄为6a,从木材密度考虑培育造纸材的适宜年龄拟定为10～11a.江西点15个种源的木材密度在种源间达到了显著差异,家系间并未达到显著差异,纤维长度在种源间、家系间都达到极显著差异. 相似文献
7.
桤木优良种源/家系的选择研究--生长的适应性和遗传稳定性分析 总被引：38，自引：5，他引：38
对 5个地点 1 3个桤木种源 ,6年生试验林的生长性状作了方差分析及G×E互作分析 ,证实树高、材积在种源间差异极显著 (F =7 93 和F =4 83 ) ,种源内家系间差异不显著 ,种源×环境的互作显著(F =2 70 和F =2 2 1 )。用bi 和s2 di,Wrick生态价和AMMI模型 3种方法对遗传稳定性和生长适应性作了评价 ,AMMI分析与生态价方法的评价结果较一致。 6年生和 1 4年生的树高生长相关显著 (r =0 75 80 ) ,表明桤木早期选择的可靠性。树高、胸径和材积的种源遗传力及其标准误分别为 0 8738± 0 0 482、0 796 1± 0 0 71 8、0 792 9± 0 0 72 7。运用指数选择 ,若各地点选择本地点最好的 1个种源 ,预期增益为39 0 3% ;若各地点选择本地点最好的 2～ 3个种源 ,5个地点材积的平均育种增益为 2 7 5 7%。根据主效应值和稳定性参数分析结果 ,预估了各种源的适生地区 相似文献
8.
研究表明,福建柏17个地理种源和48个家系幼林期树高、胸径、材积生长在山区、半山区、丘陵区均有极显著差异,其树高、胸径、材积遗传力值分别达0.556 1～0.9034、0.630 3～0.914 0、0.670 1～0.914 3,反映该差异主要受遗传因素影响.种源×地点交互作用显著,其3个主要性状生长量山区＞半山区＞丘陵区.根据材积遗传增益大于种源平均值15%以上的选择标准,初步选择出适宜不同生态环境造林地的10个优良种源和14个家系,其材积遗传增益分别为16.09%～88.70%、15.19%～184.80%. 相似文献
9.
根据来自粤北、粤东、粤中、珠江三角洲和潮汕沿海地区的黎蒴半同胞家系子代测定林4年生和5年生树高、胸径等生长性状,分析比较以上5个局部种源的生长差异。方差分析结果表明,4年生时河源东江林场测定林的胸径和梅州梅南林场测定林的树高、胸径和单株材积在种源间存在显著差异;5年生时仅梅州试点的胸径和单株材积在种源间存在较显著差异。分地点对参试种源进行评定和选择,结果表明粤东种源在两个地点的早期生长较快且表现稳定,而粤中种源在河源试点也表现良好,通过种源早期选择获得的树高、胸径和单株材积的增益分别为1.30%~2.28%、2.70%~3.57%和5.45%~8.35%,对广东省黎蒴局部种源的早期生长作出了初步的比较与评价。 相似文献
10.
对细叶桉14个种源的100个家系生长性状,形质性状进行源间和家系间的差异分析和遗传分析,结果表明性状间差异极显,家系遗传力大于单株遗传力,除分枝性状外,生长性状与形质性状相关极显。7年生生长最好的13659种源的平均树高,胸径和单株材积分别是最差种源13308的1．27,1．32和2．14倍,7年生最优家系是No.17号家系,其单株材积达0.06134 m^3,是最差家系No.33号的3．6倍,虽家系群体均值的1．74倍。运用指数选择法对家系进行多性状综合选择,初步选出22个优良家系,其树高,胸径,材积,枝下高,干形和分枝的遗传增益分别达到7．31％,6．39％,18．01％,13．77％,8．22％和5．36％。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
18.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
19.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):166-178
This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes. 相似文献