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玉米自交系吐丝期叶片光合参数与其耐旱性的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从玉米自交系吐丝期光合特性适应干旱环境的角度,探索玉米自交系的耐旱性。2012年在土默川平原灌区和河套平原灌区以及2013年河套平原灌区,利用耐旱性不同的51个玉米自交系,在吐丝期采取干旱胁迫处理,研究分析了叶片光合相关参数对干旱胁迫的响应及其与耐旱性的关系。结果表明,玉米自交系在吐丝期干旱胁迫与正常灌溉条件下Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci、Fv/Fm、ΦPSII和SPAD的相对值与其耐旱系数呈极显著正相关,WUE相对值与耐旱系数呈极显著负相关,而qN和qP的相对值与耐旱系数不相关;上述8个叶片光合参数与耐旱系数的逐步回归分析表明,Pn、WUE、Fv/Fm、ΦPSII和SPAD相对值与耐旱系数在0.01水平显著相关,Pn、WUE、SPAD相对值对耐旱系数有直接贡献,而Fv/Fm和ΦPSII对耐旱系数起间接作用。通过上述5个显著相关光合参数将两年三地表现一致的32份自交系的抗旱性分为3类,第1类8份(H201、H21、英64、吉842、早49、吉8415、东46和沈137)属于耐旱性强的;第2类15份属于耐旱性较强的;第3类9份属于耐旱性弱的,此结果与对应的自交系产量差异分类结果相一致。因此,玉米自交系吐丝期Pn、WUE、Fv/Fm、ΦPSII、SPAD的相对值和耐旱系数可作为其耐旱性评价指标。建立了3类耐旱性玉米自交系吐丝期Pn、WUE、Fv/Fm、ΦPSII、SPAD的相对值与耐旱系数的回归关系,并明确了其阈值范围。 相似文献
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我国主要玉米自交系和杂交种苗期耐旱性鉴定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
能在干旱条件下正常出苗，并积累较大的生物学产量，是苗期耐旱能力的综合表现，本项研究则用较为便利的塑料大棚遮挡降水，在土壤含水量销高于耐昌品种萎蔫系数的干旱条件下，直接以出苗率与生物学产量在耐旱系数的乘积为指标，鉴定自交系和杂交种的苗期耐旱性，为玉米耐旱育种提高参考。 相似文献
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水分胁迫对甜玉米主要农艺性状及产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在大棚内采用人工供水的方法,研究不同水分胁迫下甜玉米品种主要农艺性状与产量的关系。结果表明,轻度干旱胁迫下可用株高、茎粗、散粉至吐丝间隔期(ASI)、穗粗、每穗粒数、千粒重等6个性状耐旱系数作为品种耐旱性鉴定的指标,而中度干旱胁迫下可用穗位叶面积、散粉至吐丝间隔期(ASI)、穗粗、每穗粒数、出籽率、千粒重这6个性状耐旱系数预测品种产量的耐旱系数。在不同程度水分胁迫下,散粉至吐丝间隔期(ASI)、穗粗、每穗粒数、千粒重等4个性状耐旱系数是不同品种耐旱性鉴定的重要指标,除此之外,株高、茎粗、穗位叶面积等决定植株形态的性状指标也对甜玉米耐旱性起一定作用。 相似文献
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灰色关联度分析和主成分分析在油菜抗旱育种中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《种子》2021,(9)
以12份芥菜型春油菜品种为材料,利用灰色关联度和主成分分析法,分析大田干旱处理和正常灌溉下17个性状指标的变化,筛选和鉴定油菜耐旱性产量指标和耐旱性状指标。灰色关联度分析结果表明,旱胁迫下与单株产量关联度最为密切的是与产量相关的因子,最不紧密的是气孔导度;正常灌溉下单株产量与胞间CO_2浓度(0.636)关联紧密;主成分分析将干旱胁迫下17个性状的耐旱系数综合成为5个互相独立的综合指标。因此,在选育耐旱品种时,应重点观察与单株产量关联密切的产量因子、植株形态因子和光合生长因子。 相似文献
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玉米品种耐旱性评价及相关鉴定指标的研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
耐旱性鉴定和评价是培育优良耐旱玉米杂交种品种的基础。本研究通过对一组杂交种进行耐旱性指标评价分析发现,产量仍是衡量耐旱性强弱最重要的指标,而开花吐丝间隔期、株高等农艺指标在评价品种耐旱性时也具有重要的参考价值。产量指标中,种质耐旱指数（DTIg）也可用于评价品种耐旱性。根据DTIg对参试品种进行了五级耐旱性评价。 相似文献
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广东甜玉米不同品种耐旱性鉴定试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用塑料大棚遮挡自然降水的方法研究了不同水分胁迫下8个甜玉米品种散粉至吐丝间隔期（ASI）、营养器官和产量构成因素性状指标的变化。结果表明，在干旱胁迫下，各品种的散粉至吐丝间隔期（ASI）受到不同程度的延迟，营养器官和产量构成因素性状指标呈下降趋势。轻度干旱对各甜玉米品种上述性状的影响较小，中度干旱对其影响比较大，与正常水分条件相比部分品种受到的影响达到显著或极显著的差异。以散粉至吐丝间隔期（ASI）、产量及产量的耐旱系数为主并结合营养器官形态性状和产量构成因素进行耐旱性综合评价较为可行。粤甜13号和正甜38号耐旱性相对较好，在生产中可作为耐旱节水型的品种加以应用。 相似文献
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《中国农学通报》2017,(9)
种子萌发期是植物生长的重要时期,也是评价作物耐旱性强弱的主要时期。为了明确不同玉米自交系的耐旱性,本研究采用聚乙二醇(PEG)模拟干旱条件,对254份不同种质玉米自交系进行种子萌发期处理。通过检测发芽指数、发芽率、根数、根鲜重、根干重、茎鲜重、茎干重、根长、苗高等种子发芽性状,以其相对值为指标,鉴定不同自交系种子萌发期的耐旱性。结果表明,在PEG6000处理胁迫下,玉米自交系种子萌发受到抑制;各性状相对指标都与品种综合抗旱能力呈显著或极显著正相关;不同自交系的耐旱性存在较大差异,通过隶属函数法结合抗旱分级标准筛选出99份中等耐旱材料。因此,该方法可以作为一种简单的玉米自交系萌发期耐旱性鉴定方法。 相似文献
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分析31份玉米杂交种的大田苗期候选形态指标和相对减产率的相关性,确立适宜的盐碱耐性形态鉴定指标;基于上述已确立的鉴定指标,对69份玉米自交系进行盐碱耐性综合评价.结果表明:(1)株高、茎粗是大田条件下玉米苗期适宜的耐盐碱形态鉴定指标;(2)应用已确定适宜的鉴定指标对69份玉米自交系进行盐碱耐性分析,筛选出高耐盐碱自交系4份,耐盐碱自交系10份,中度耐盐碱自交系27份,敏感自交系14份,高度敏感自交系14份.研究结果将为耐盐碱玉米种质资源鉴定提供试验依据. 相似文献
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为了完善玉米自交系萌发期耐盐性的鉴定评价标准,筛选耐盐性强的玉米种质资源,解析玉米自交系萌发期耐盐性遗传机制,为玉米萌发期耐盐性育种提供理论依据和技术支撑。对390份玉米自交系耐盐性相关的10个生理指标进行测定,利用主成分分析确定为5个综合指标,即7d发芽率、芽干重、芽鲜重、根干重和根长,可作为玉米萌发期耐盐性鉴定指标。根据隶属函数分析确定各材料的耐盐综合评价指数,并通过聚类分析将材料萌发期耐盐性分为6个等级,其中高度盐敏感型材料298份,中度盐敏感型材料49份,盐敏感型材料27份,耐盐型材料9份,中度耐盐型材料5份,高度耐盐型材料2份。 相似文献
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Drought tolerance as such is often not considered to be an independent trait by plant breeders. The objective of this study was to evaluate eight drought tolerance indices, namely stress susceptibility index (SSI), yield stability index (YSI), yield reduction ratio (Yr), yield index (YI), tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), and stress tolerance index (STI) in upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) genotypes. For this purpose, 16 genotypes were sampled during the 2013-2014 growing seasons under both normal and drought-stress field conditions at the Main Cotton Research Station of Navsari Agricultural University, Surat, India. The drought tolerance indices were calculated based on seed cotton yield under drought stress and non-stress conditions. Mean comparison of drought tolerance indices and seed cotton yield validated the significant influences of drought stress on yield as well as significant differences among genotypes. Results of calculated correlation coefficients and multivariate analyses showed that GMP, MP and STI indices were able to discriminate drought-sensitive and tolerant genotypes. Cluster analysis using the drought-tolerance indices divided the 16 genotypes into tolerant and susceptible groups. Two genotypes, G.Cot.16 × H-1353/10 and H-1353/10 × G.Cot.16 gave good yield response under drought conditions leading to their stability during water stress conditions. Based on multivariate analyses using the indices individually or in combinations, it was possible to identify the most yield-stable genotypes across the environments. Overall, we concluded that GMP, MP and STI indices can be efficiently exploited not only for screening drought tolerance but also to identify superior genotypessuitable for both stress and non-stress field conditions. 相似文献
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152份向日葵重组自交系苗期抗旱性的鉴定与评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以152个油用向日葵重组自交系为试验材料,设置干旱胁迫和正常浇水2个处理进行温室盆栽试验,研究干旱胁迫对其苗期表型及生理生化特性的影响;利用抗旱系数、综合抗旱能力D值、相关性分析、线性回归分析和聚类分析方法进行计算分析,以筛选简便有效的向日葵苗期抗旱性鉴定指标和抗旱种质。结果表明,抗旱系数从高到低依次为根冠比、根表面积、根长、根体积、电导率、SPAD值、株高、叶片相对含水量和叶面积;线性回归分析及与综合抗旱能力D值的相关性分析均表明该9项指标与苗期抗旱系数均呈现显著关联,其中根长、根表面积与抗旱系数的相关性较显著。综合抗旱能力D值的聚类将供试自交系材料聚为4大类,包括强耐旱型2个、耐旱型2个、弱耐旱型83个和不耐旱型65个,其中149号和10号材料的综合抗旱能力D值显著大于其他材料,属于强耐旱型。 相似文献
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Drought responses of 19 inbred faba bean lines of different origin were studied in the field under rain shelters with and without irrigation. Inbred lines differed significantly in response to drought (P < 0.01): those with a lower drought sensitivity index (SI) (more resistant) originated from the drought-prone regions characterized by smaller plant size (r = 0.93), and more pods and seeds per plant (r ≥ 0.90) regardless of seed size, while lines with higher SI (more sensitive) were those which mainly exhibited higher yield under favourable conditions accompanied by a greater biomass. In a greenhouse experiment under mild drought (−0.15 MPa soil water potential), comparisons between relatively drought-sensitive (Adriewaalse) and drought-resistant (L7) inbred lines showed that Adriewaalse used 38 % more water than L7 and also produced 40 % more biomass. There was a stress-induced decrease in osmotic potential (ψs ) in both lines (by 0.72 and 0.50 MPa for Adriewaalse and L7, respectively) accompanied by decreased turgor in Adriewaalse and increased turgor in L7. The difference in drought-induced solute accumulation between lines was diminished when solute accumulation due to water loss and growth inhibition was considered, which indicates that solute accumulation was the result of a concentration effect. Similarly, lower SI in the field was not the result of osmotic adjustment, as the relationship between SI and drought-induced decrease in ψs was negative. The water use efficiency of both inbred lines increased markedly with increasing water deficit, though there was no difference between the lines. It was concluded that differences in drought resistance between these inbred faba bean lines were manifested through plant size-induced water demand (avoidance) but were not associated with osmotic adjustment (tolerance). 相似文献
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Different indices for selection of lines grown under low and high water levels were examined from both theoretical and practical standpoints. Pearl millet ( Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum) was planted under a sprinkler irrigation gradient in 1983 and 1984. Equations were developed for drought tolerance for both yield and forage production. Correlation coefficients were developed for yield and yield components.
The equations showed that drought will generally result in decreased productivity of both grain and forage. Grain yield was found to be positively correlated with seed weight and with the number of seeds in the main head, and negatively correlated with plant height under low water level. Dry matter was positively correlated with tiller number. 相似文献
The equations showed that drought will generally result in decreased productivity of both grain and forage. Grain yield was found to be positively correlated with seed weight and with the number of seeds in the main head, and negatively correlated with plant height under low water level. Dry matter was positively correlated with tiller number. 相似文献