共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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在实验室条件下,溴氰菊酯在剂量0.25PPm时对绿豆象的有效作用达228天以上,在自然条件下,0.75PPm对四纹豆象的有效性达6个月以上。在自然条件下实验只延续了6个月。目前正在进行的另一研究表明活性将持续12个月以上。溴氰菊酯对第一代成虫和卵分别提供99.9和91％以上的防治作用,在第二代后,对隐蔽幼虫和若虫的防治效果只有92％。 相似文献
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为了完善国内在四纹豆象胚胎发育方面的研究,为四纹豆象的有效治理提供科学理论依据,给中国粮食部门的四纹豆象防治工作提供真实可靠的实验数据,通过显微镜观察描述了四纹豆象的胚胎发育过程,同时研究了温度对其发育历期的影响。结果表明：在28℃恒温和70%相对湿度条件下,四纹豆象胚胎发育经历了卵裂、胚盘胚带形成、胚层胚膜形成、胚体分节和附肢形成、胚胎背合与胚胎成熟时期等五个过程。卵的历期为118 h,其中0~11 h 为卵裂期,12~16 h 为胚盘胚带形成期,17~21 h 是胚层胚膜形成期,22~90 h 为胚体分节和附肢形成阶段,91~118 h 是胚胎背合与胚胎成熟阶段。在20~37℃的温度范围内,实验种群卵的孵化时间伴随着温度的提高而缩短。本研究为四纹豆象分类和系统发育提供依据,也为四纹豆象分子生物学的深入研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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四纹豆象是一种田间及储藏物豆类中重要害虫.在本文中论述四纹豆象生物学及其防治的6个主要方面.(1)四纹豆象种名的同义词.(2)四纹豆象与鹰咀豆象之间主要差异.(3)四纹豆象成虫的多型现象.(4)四纹豆象的标准型与活动型之间生物学特性.(5)活动型虫口的观察.(6)四纹豆象虫口的制止及防治. 相似文献
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抗豆象绿豆新品种冀绿15号是以V1128与中绿1号杂交创制的抗豆象后代材料抗豆象4号为母本、保942-34为父本杂交选育而成,2017年12月通过河北省成果转化服务中心的成果评价。该品种具有夏播平均生育期65d,株高54.2cm,具有早熟直立、株型紧凑、结荚集中、成熟一致、不炸荚等特性。每hm~2平均产量为1986kg,较对照品种保绿942平均增产7.4%。室内接虫鉴定表明,冀绿15号高抗绿豆象和四纹豆象。适宜在河北、山东、河南、吉林等省份的适宜区域春夏播种植。 相似文献
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几种植物油对四纹豆象的作用方式与防治研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
试验按1ml／kg的剂量使用山苍子油，按5ml／kg剂量使用菜油、小麻油、花椒油、棉油拌绿豆，对四纹豆象的防治效果达到100％。其持续防护有效期可达300d．植物油对四纹豆象的作用方式是抑制卵孵化或阻止成虫产卵。试验得出各种油的有效使用量为5ml／kg。 相似文献
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近年,我国对四纹豆象的形态构造、生活史及生活习性等方面进行了大量的工作。根据某些形态特征及部分文献资料,有人把与四纹豆象近似的“拟四纹豆象”作为一个新种加以讨论。四纹豆象 Callosobruchus maculatus(F.)是仓贮豆类的重要害虫,也是我国对外检疫对象之一。因此,这不仅是一个理论问题,而且对粮食贮藏及植物检疫也有很大的关系。为了澄清这一问题,我们核对了原文的描述,并对来自不同国家的标本进行观察,在此基础上谈一点粗浅的看法。四纹豆象是一个个体变异较大的种。同时由于幼虫期的高密度、高温、食物含水量低及光照时间太长或太短等因素,均有助于在四纹豆象种群内诱发出“飞翔型”个体。“飞翔型”个体与正常型相比较,两个型的成虫在外部形态、生活习性、生理学以及虫体的化学组成等方面均有明显的不同。由于上述情况,使四纹豆象的变异更为复杂化。提出“拟四纹豆象”的主要根据之一,就是雌虫的交配囊内有两个波形骨化环,这一特征在四纹豆象的形态描述中没有记载。我们查阅了国内著作中的有关描述,的确没有提 相似文献
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本文描述了可除去50公斤豇豆中的四纹豆象的一种太阳加热装置的制作与试验。研究站和农场在北喀麦隆四个不同地点的实验证明了这种太阳加热装置杀死四纹豆象的效果。加热装置通过用透明塑料布覆盖的黑色塑料吸收太阳辐射热获得能致死四纹豆象幼虫的温度。农场试验与农民反馈的情况证明这些太阳加热装置是实用的,它可利用低能源达到保护豇豆的目的。 相似文献
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在美国进行实验室研究,把豇豆(Vigna unguiculata)用四纹豆象加以为害,然后一个个地密封入用各种包装薄膜做的小袋中,以确定四纹豆象的活动能力和穿透情况.同时,没有豆象的豇豆也装袋,并在口袋内、外用四纹豆象加以为害.用聚氨酯,聚酯,聚乙烯——乙烯乙酸乙烯酯,聚偏氯乙烯,以及用二氯苯醚菊酯处理的聚丙烯能抗四纹豆象的穿透.薄的聚偏氯乙烯膜,聚丙烯,纸质聚乙烯,聚氯乙烯和玻璃纸则可以穿透. 相似文献
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四纹豆象生物学的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文比较系统地研究了四纹豆象的生物学特性.基本摸清了此虫年生活史、生活习性、产卵习性、产卵量、孵化率、羽化率、各虫态历期以及四纹豆象生长发育与温湿度、粮种及含水量等的密切关系.弄清它能危害寄主范围和供试的豆类、油料、粮食等13个品种,其中对豆类危害最严重,也发现对花生仁和小麦的危害.四纹豆象还具有耐干、耐热等特性. 相似文献
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为给综合治理绿豆象提供理论支撑,在室内(28±2℃)条件下,饲养绿豆象,并观察了6种豆类对绿豆象发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明:绿豆象的卵孵化后,幼虫仅在绿豆、红小豆、大豆上可蛀入危害;在绿豆、红小豆和大豆上的世代发育历期分别为26.50、29.90、52.00天;在绿豆、红小豆、大豆上的存活率分别为52.11%、56.45%、1.60%;绿豆象成虫在不同豆种上的产卵历期差异不显著(P0.05);但雌成虫在不同豆种上的产卵量差异显著(P0.05)。综上认为绿豆象的发育和繁殖明显受储粮豆类的影响。 相似文献
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为明确抗虫绿豆抗绿豆象的有效成分, 采用室内人工接虫方法, 进行了13个不同绿豆品种(品系)对绿豆象的抗虫性鉴定, 并对筛选获得的抗豆象品种的抗虫成分进行了研究。结果表明, 绿豆象对B18、B20、B23、B27、A22和晋绿7号绿豆的为害率均低于10%, 为高抗型绿豆; 其余7个绿豆品种受害率均在90%以上, 属高感型绿豆。绿豆象卵的孵化率在抗、感绿豆品种间无显著性差异, 而绿豆象发育历期、雌、雄成虫体重及成虫羽化率在抗、感绿豆品种间差异显著, 同一品种去皮绿豆与带皮绿豆相比, 绿豆象卵孵化率、成虫羽化率及种子受害率等指标均无显著性差异。抗虫成分试验表明, 当绿豆象取食添加抗虫绿豆蛋白25%和50%的人工(合成)绿豆后, 其成虫羽化率由30.48%降低到0, 但不随淀粉比例的增加而变化。可见, 抗虫绿豆抗绿豆象的主要成分为其种子中的蛋白质。 相似文献
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为明确苏云金芽孢杆菌对绿豆象[Callosobruchus chinensis (Linnaeus)]种群繁殖力的影响,采用浸渍绿豆法对绿豆象成虫开展室内生测。结果显示：苏云金杆菌的剂量分别为80.0 IU/mg、53.3 IU/mg、32.0 IU/mg、26.7 IU/mg、20.0 IU/mg时,绿豆象成虫的致死率依次表现为95.56%、70.00%、36.67%、21.11%、7.78%,其毒力回归方程为y=0.38x+2.91。苏云金杆菌亚致死剂量LC10、LC30、LC50可明显缩短绿豆象成虫的寿命、抑制雌成虫的产卵能力。亚致死剂量处理组绿豆象种群的净增值率、内禀增长率和周限增长率的值均低于对照组,亚致死剂量处理组种群的加倍时间显著延长。由此可见,苏云金杆菌对绿豆象有较好的杀虫效果,亚致死剂量对绿豆象种群的发育有明显的抑制作用。 相似文献
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P. Somta A. Kaga N. Tomooka K. Kashiwaba T. Isemura B. Chaitieng P. Srinives D. A. Vaughan 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(1):77-84
To facilitate transfer of bruchid resistance to azuki bean (Vigna angularis) from its relatives an interspecific mapping population was made between rice bean, V. umbellata, and the related wild species V. nakashimae. The V. umbellata parent is completely resistant and V. nakashimae is completely susceptible to the bruchid beetle pests, azuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis) and cowpea weevil (C. maculatus). There is very low cross compatibility between V. umbellata and azuki bean. Therefore, V. nakashimae, that crosses with both V. umbellata and V. angularis without the need for embryo rescue, is used as a bridging species. A genetic linkage map was constructed based on an interspecific F2 mapping population between V. umbellata and V. nakashimae consisting of 74 plants. A total of 175 DNA marker loci (74 RFLPs and 101 SSRs) were mapped on to 11 linkage groups spanning a total length of 652 cM. Segregation distortion was observed but only three markers were not linked to any linkage group due to severe segregation distortion. This interspecific genome map was compared with the genome map of azuki bean. Of 121 common markers on the two maps, 114 (94.2%) were located on the same linkage groups in both maps. The marker order was highly conserved between the two genome maps. Fifty F2 plants that produced sufficient seeds were used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and locating gene(s) for C. chinensis and C. maculatus resistance in V. umbellata. The resistance reaction of these F2 plants differed between C. chinensis and C. maculatus. Both resistances were quantitatively inherited with no F2 plants completely susceptible to C. chinensis or C. maculatus. One putative QTL for resistance to each of these bruchid species was located on different linkage groups. Other putative QTLs associated with resistance to both C. chinensis and C. maculatus were localized on the same linkage group 1. Linked markers associated with the bruchid‐resistant QTL will facilitate their transfer to azuki bean breeding lines. 相似文献
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Summary Seeds of some cowpea varieties, characterized by different degrees of storage pest resistance, were analyzed for inhibitors of the following enzymes: porcine amylase, Bacillus amylase, bovine chymotrypsin and trypsin. A broad variation was observed among samples for all tested inhibitors. Submitting the experimental data to the principal component analysis it has been observed that resistant lines are characterized by high levels of both antitryptic and antiamylasic activity. Moreover a high activity of a single inhibitor class is typical of the bruchid susceptible lines. Hence, breeding for high contents of these protein inhibitors could be an effective way of obtaining lines that are naturally resistant to storage pest attack. The limit of this breeding strategy seems to be the difficulty to reduce the antiamylasic activity before eating. 相似文献
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Development of Bruchid-Resistant Mungbean Line Using Wild Mungbean Germplasm in Thailand 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A mungbean (V. radiata) line (BC3F3 generation) which is resistant to two species of bruchid beetles (Callosobruchus chinensis and C. maculatus) was successfully developed in Thailand using a wild mungbean variety (V. radiata var. sublobata). One accession (TC1966) of wild mungbean was found to be completely resistant to C. chinensis and C. maculatus occurring at Chainat Field Crops Research Center in Thailand. The resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene (R). A breeding program to develop a bruchid-resistant mungbean cultivar with good agronomic characters under the environmental conditions of Thailand was initiated in 1987.‘Chainat 60’ (‘CN60’), a recommended mungbean cultivar in Thailand, was crossed with TC1966 to incorporate the resistance gene. Agronomic characters of the hybrids were improved by recurrent backcrossing using ‘CN60’ as a pollen parent. Seed yield per plant, days to flowering, and seed size of the bruchid-resistant BC3F2 population reached the level of ‘CN60’ after three consecutive backcrossings. Bruchid-resistant line (BC3F3, R/R) was selected from individual BC3F2 plants. 相似文献
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Summary Amylase and trypsin inhibitors are proteins which inhibit digestive enzymes. The loss of the activity of these enzymes produces a reduction of starch and protein digestion. Amylase and trypsin inhibitor activity have been investigated in seeds of 20 cowpea lines in trying to establish their role in the storage pest resistance. A broad variation has been observed for both the inhibitors. Correlation analysis between inhibitor levels and extent of attack has shown that neither amylase nor trypsin inhibitors can separately explain the resistance to Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Lines bruchid resistant in fact, have high levels of both inhibitors. Conversely lines with low levels of amylase and trypsin inhibitors are bruchid susceptible. The breeding for high contents of both amylase and trypsin inhibitors can be an effective way to obtain lines with resistance to storage pest. 相似文献