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1.
The influence of pine forests of different ages (from 25 to 85 years) restoring on old plow land soils is reflected in the biological processes proceeding in them. The drastic decrease in the absolute and relative number of actinomycetes, along with an increase of the fungal population in the microbial complexes of the soils (within the whole profiles), indicates that the microbocenoses acquire “forest” properties. In the soils under the younger pine forests, the processes of microbiological mineralization and specific respiration activity are more active than in the soils under the older pine forests. With the age of the pine forests, the soil profiles become more differentiated according to the eluvial-illuvial type. 相似文献
2.
Analytical pyrolysis of a soil profile under Scots pine 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The chemical properties of pine needle litter cause slow decomposition, which results in an accumulation of highly lignocellulosic material on the forest floor. Decomposition of organic matter is important for the nutrient turnover in pine forests on nutrient-poor soils. We studied the biodegradation of needles in an organic layer focusing on the various stages of lignin degradation by fungi. Samples were obtained from pine needle litter and a stratified organic layer over nutrient-poor sand under a 60-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris forest stand. Pyrolysis mass spectrometry (PyMS) and pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (PyGCMS) were used to characterize the chemical composition of the needles and the soil. The pyrolysis data show that diterpenoid acids are a main component in fresh needles, but rapidly decrease in the organic layer of the soil, as a result of decomposition. The chemical composition of the soil profile is dominated by guaiacyl lignin and polysaccharides from needle litter. The hexose/pentose ratio increases with depth in the soil profile. The partial preservation of hexose polymers is the result of the preferential decomposition of pentose polymers by white-rot fungi, and points to the input of microbially synthesized polysaccharides. Indications for the degradation of guaiacyl lignin are also found in the soil profile. Oxidative reactions by soil fungi result in a shortening of the side chain of the guaiacyl lignin derivatives and an increase of carbonyl and carboxyl groups. These degradational patterns of lignin in the soil profile under Scots pine are similar to those observed in lignin model compounds and wood lignin degraded by fungi under controlled laboratory conditions. 相似文献
3.
Gyninova A. B. Dyrzhinov Zh. D. Kulikov A. I. Gyninova B. D. Gonchikov B. N. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2019,52(4):414-425
Eurasian Soil Science - The development of sandy soils under pine forests and the influence of forest fires on the soil properties have been studied in the Baikal region, The profile of background... 相似文献
4.
The distribution and variation with soil depth of water repellency has been studied in fire-affected sand dunes under three different vegetation types (pine forest, shrubland and sparse herbaceous vegetation) in SW Spain. The persistence and intensity of water repellency at the exposed surface of soil was measured using the water drop penetration time test and the contact angle method, respectively, in surface samples (0–3 cm) collected at burned and unburned areas. The variation of water repellency with depth in burned areas was studied in soil profiles every 5 cm between 0 and 40 cm depth. None or slight soil water repellency was observed at unburned soil sites, whereas burned soil sites showed a high degree of repellency, especially under pines and shrubland. The spatial pattern of fire-induced soil water repellency was found to be associated to vegetation types, although it was modulated by soil acidity and the soil organic carbon content. Soil water repellency was generally higher at the soil surface, and decreased with depth. Dense pine forests and shrublands showed strong and/or severe water repellency in depth, but it was rare and limited to the first five centimeters under sparse herbaceous vegetation. The heterogeneity of moisture patterns under dense pine forests or shrublands showed the existence of wetting and water repellent three-dimensional soil patches. 相似文献
5.
油松混交林的水土保持及水源涵养功能研究 总被引：29，自引：11，他引：29
对油松 ( Pinus tabulaef ormis Carr.)、辽东栎 ( Quercus liaotungenssis Koidz.)、油松和虎榛子 ( Ostryopsisdavdiana Decne.)混交林及纯林不同林分的土壤理化性质、土壤侵蚀量、林冠截流、枯落物持水量以及林地土壤贮水等方面进行了研究 ,结果表明 :混交林比纯林具有更好的水土保持效果和更强的水源涵养功能。 相似文献
6.
Xiaoyong Chen Karen D’Arcy 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(13-14):1644-1649
Land-cover changes not only affect regional climates through alteration in surface energy and water balance, but also affect key ecological processes, such as carbon (C) cycling and sequestration in plant ecosystems. The object of this study was to investigate the effects of land-cover changes on the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) contents under four plant community types (deciduous forests, pine forests, mixed pine-deciduous forests, and prairies) in northeastern Illinois, USA. Soil samples were collected from incremental soil depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–50 cm) under the studied plant communities. The results showed that SOC concentration decreased with increases of soil depth in the studied forests and prairies. No significant differences of SOC concentrations were found at the upper soil layers (0–10 cm) among the four plant types. However, SOC concentrations were statistically higher at the lower soil depth (30–40 cm) in prairies than in other three forest types. The SOC storage (0–40 cm soil depth) was reduced in an order prairies (250.6) > mixed pine-deciduous forests (240.7) > pine forests (190.1) > deciduous forests (163.4 Mg/ha). The characteristics of relative short life cycle, restively high turnover rate of roots, and large partition of photosynthetic production allocated to belowground were likely attributed to the higher accumulation of C in soils in tallgrass prairies than in forests. Our data indicated the conversion of native tallgrass prairies to pure forest plantations resulted in a considerable decline of SOC storage. Results suggest that land-cover changes have a significant impact on SOC storage and sequestration in plant ecosystems. 相似文献
7.
8.
H. Wiechmann 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1983,146(1):53-61
Iron podzols in eastern Lower Saxony compared with podzols under finnish boreal Pine forests Well developed iron podzols with orange-brown Bs-horizons poor in humus are found in isolated small areas of eastern Lower Saxony. Because of their similarity they were compared with finnish podzols under boreal pine forest. Similar soil morphology, low humus illuviation and unconsolidized Bs-horizons are common to both groups of podzols. Different are the smaller thickness of soil horizons and the higher amounts of Fe-oxides in B-horizons of finnish podzols. Despite high grade of activity (Feox/d) this may be due more to iron oxide formation by silicate weathering (micas) than to podzolization. An interpretation of the german podzols as relics from boreal coniferous forests may be supposed but there is no significant evidence by the considered datas. 相似文献
9.
Francisco J. Martín‐Peinado Francisco Bruno Navarro Maria Noelia Jimnez Manuel Sierra Francisco J. Martínez Ana Romero‐Freire Leopoldo Rojo Emilia Fernndez‐Ondoo 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(7):1709-1720
This work evaluated how pine plantations established on old fields and degraded lands influence soil properties in comparison with adjacent unplanted areas that undergo into secondary succession, and native forests, analysing the effects of abiotic variables and stand characteristics in the afforestation process. Thirty‐two paired sites (pine plantations versus unplanted areas) and 10 native forests were selected in the SE Spain. In total, 74 soil profiles were studied, and 222 composite soil samples were collected at three different depths. Soil organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, and C : N ratio showed significantly greater values in pine plantations in relation to the unplanted areas (0–5 cm), and the mean values of soil organic carbon, nitrogen (N), C : N ratio, and cation exchange capacity in these pine plantations were similar to those found under native forests. Only K+ concentrations were clearly higher in the native forests than in the other land uses for all depths analysed. Pine plantations in the drier and warmer areas showed lower soil quality in relation to the paired unplanted areas, as well as the younger and denser ones; it may be because under these situations, more time is needed to produce an improvement. In fact, the paired net variations increased with the stand age and/or tree size. In conclusion, pine plantations were in general more efficient in improving parameters related to soil quality, especially in locations with high soil water retention capacity, which in our study area were found at higher and cooler elevations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
The soil cover patterns in the subtaiga landscapes on the northern spurs of the Tsagan-Daban Ridge in the Selenga Mountains
have been studied. Gray-humus lithozems and bedrock outcrops are typical of the steep south-facing slopes under herbaceous
pine forests. Soddy iron-illuvial podburs are formed under forest vegetation on gentle slopes of northern and western aspects
with a thick mantle of loose colluvial deposits. Dark-humus metamorphic soils occur on the slopes of western and northwestern
aspects below 700 m a.s.l. under secondary forb-grassy communities that replaced the initial herbaceous pine forests. Windblown
hollows (yardangs) are occupied by humus psammozems under steppe pine forests. The morphological and physicochemical characteristics
of these soils are discussed in the paper. 相似文献
11.
通过2004和2009年两次对江西上犹长防林不同森林植被类型土壤持水特性的测定分析,结果表明:同一植被类型随着其生长发育,其土壤蓄水能力相应提高;各植被类型的土壤蓄水能力均明显高于荒山地;土壤容重、毛管孔隙度及非毛管孔隙度三者的综合特征对土壤蓄水能力有着重要影响;不同植被类型的土壤蓄水能力存在差异,针阔混交林的土壤蓄水能力优于杉木纯林、针叶混交林、湿地松纯林和马尾松纯林;2004、2009年各植被类型土壤蓄水能力分别在25200~40320 t hm-2和30240~63360 t hm-2之间,若蓄存1×108 m3的水则所需的相应森林面积分别在2480.2~3968.3 hm2和1578.3~3206.9 hm2之间,而荒山地则分别为7142.9 hm2和7440.5 hm2。 相似文献
12.
武夷山风景区不同林地类型土壤水分物理性质及土壤水库特性 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
对武夷山风景区6种林地类型的土壤容重、孔隙度、持水量及土壤水库容等性能进行了研究,结果表明,（1）0—60 cm土层土壤容重为杉木林〉马尾松林〉灌木林〉针阔混交林〉竹林〉常绿阔叶林。（2）6种林地土壤总孔隙度和最大持水量为常绿阔叶林〉竹林〉针阔混交林〉灌木林〉马尾松林〉杉木林;毛管孔隙度和田间持水量为竹林〉常绿阔叶林〉针阔混交林〉灌木林〉马尾松林〉杉木林;非毛管孔隙度为常绿阔叶林〉针阔混交林〉灌木林〉马尾松林〉杉木林〉竹林;毛管持水量为竹林〉常绿阔叶林〉灌木林〉针阔混交林〉马尾松林〉杉木林。（3）在0—60 cm土层内,常绿阔叶林和竹林的土壤总库容最大,针阔混交林、灌木林、马尾松林次之,杉木林的最小。竹林的储水库容最大,而通透库容最小。在相同的立地条件下,常绿阔叶林的土壤特性优于其它林分,最有利于涵养水源。 相似文献
13.
温带森林磷沉降-水系统输出-迁移动态特征及对土壤磷影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用对比和分析的方法,研究了黑龙江省带岭凉水国家级自然保护区温带森林生态系统磷沉降、溪流、河流和渗透水输出磷含量动态特征,以及磷沉降和水系统磷输出对红松人工林、落叶松人工林、椴树红松混交林、枫桦红松混交林和白桦次生林5种林型土壤全磷和有效磷的影响。结果表明,研究区域通过降雨产生的年磷沉降量约为0.888 kg hm-2,7月除红松人工林外,其他4个林型穿透雨磷浓度均高于大气降雨的磷浓度。7月枫桦红松林、8月白桦次生林和红松人工林A层土壤渗透水磷浓度低于林内雨磷浓度,表层土壤对穿透雨中磷有固定作用。在凉水自然保护区森林生态系统内,森林系统内小溪流、凉水河和凉水森林系统外永翠河水磷浓度均较林外降雨及穿透降雨磷浓度高,表现为永翠河水>土壤A层渗透水>凉水河>小溪>穿透雨>大气降雨。表明土壤中部分磷素通过地表径流和壤中流流出森林生态系统,并汇集于林中小溪,最后进入河流,造成磷在小溪和河流中的富集。大气磷沉降、森林水系统磷输出均与椴树红松林A0层土壤全磷含量呈显著负相关,与红松人工林B层土壤全磷含量呈极显著正相关,与落叶松人工林A0层土壤有效磷含量呈极显著正相关。 相似文献
14.
苏南丘陵区主要林分类型土壤水文效应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以苏南丘陵区杉木、马尾松、栎林、毛竹等4种林分土壤为研究对象,研究了该区域内不同林分类型土壤层的水文效应。结果表明:不同林分类型土壤的蓄水能力、渗透性能均存在着一定的差异,其中毛竹林地土壤蓄水能力最好,为2 096 t/hm2,渗透性能也以毛竹林最好,为17.56mm/m in;通过测定4种林地土壤的入渗速率与入渗过程,对其入渗曲线进行拟合,得出土壤渗透速率与渗透时间呈乘幂函数关系,复相关系数为0.93~0.97,说明方程拟合效果较好,可以较好地描述各林地的土壤入渗过程;土壤理化因子与土壤渗透性能的相关分析显示研究区土壤渗透性能受多个因素影响,其中土壤非毛管孔隙度、有机质含量与土壤初渗、稳渗速率相关性最高,为首要影响因素;基于主成分分析,各样地土壤综合水文效应优劣依次为:毛竹栎树杉木马尾松。 相似文献
15.
Composition of the microbial communities in the mineral soil under different types of natural forest
Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) patterns were used to describe the composition of the soil microbial communities under 12 natural forest stands including oak and beech, spruce-fir-beech, floodplain and pine forests. In addition to the quantification of total PLFAs, soil microbial biomass was measured by substrate-induced respiration and chloroform fumigation-extraction. The forest stands possess natural vegetation, representing an expression of the natural site factors, and we hypothesised that each forest type would support a specific soil microbial community. Principal component analysis (PCA) of PLFA patterns revealed that the microbial communities were compositionally distinct in the floodplain and pine forests, comprising azonal forest types, and were more similar in the oak, beech and spruce-fir-beech forests, which represent the zonal vegetation types of the region. In the nutrient-rich floodplain forests, the fatty acids 16:1ω5, 17:0cy, a15:0 and a17:0 were the most prevalent and soil pH seemed to be responsible for the discrimination of the soil microbial communities against those of the zonal forest types. The pine forest soils were set apart from the other forest soils by a higher abundance of PLFA 18:2ω6,9, which is typical of fungi and may also indicate ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with pine trees, and high amounts of PLFA 10Me18:0, which is common in actinomycetes. These findings suggest that the occurrence of azonal forest types at sites with specific soil conditions is accompanied by the development of specific soil microbial communities. The study provides information on the microbial communities in undisturbed forest soils which may facilitate interpretation of data derived from managed or even damaged or degraded forests. 相似文献
16.
N. V. Lukina V. V. Ershov T. T. Gorbacheva M. A. Orlova L. G. Isaeva D. N. Teben’kova 《Eurasian Soil Science》2018,51(3):277-289
The composition of soil water under coniferous forests of Murmansk oblast—an industrially developed region of northern Russia—was investigated. The studied objects were dwarf-shrub–green-moss spruce forests and dwarf-shrub–lichen pine forests on Al-Fe-humus podzols (Albic Rustic Podzols) that are widespread in the boreal zone. The concentrations and removal of organic carbon performing the most important biogeochemical and pedogenic functions were estimated. The results proved significant intra- and inter-biogeocenotic variability in the composition of atmospheric depositions and soil water. Carbon removal with soil water from organic and mineral horizons within elementary biogeoareas (EBGA) under tree crowns was 2–5 and 2–3 times (in some cases, up to 10 times) greater than that in the intercrown areas, respectively. The lowest critical level of mineral nitrogen (0.2 mg/L) was, as a rule, exceeded in tree EBGAs contrary to intercrown areas. Concentrations of sulfates and heavy metals in water of tree EBGA were 3–5 times greater than those in inter-crown areas. Significant inter-biogeocenotic variations related to differences in the height of trees and tree stand density were found. It is argued that adequate characterization of biochemical cycles and assessment of critical levels of components in soil water of forest ecosystems should be performed with due account for the intra- and inter-biogeocenotic variability. 相似文献
17.
Effects of Chinese Fir,Loblolly Pine and Deciduous Oak Forests on Nutrient Status of Soils in Northern Subtropics of China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
LUORU－YING GAOZHI－QIN 《土壤圈》1994,4(1):1-10
This paper deals with a study on the effects of Chinese fir,lobolly pine and deciduous oak forests o the nutrient status of soils in northern subtropics of China,adopting the principle of forest ecology in the case of similar climate and soil type.The experimental area was situated in the Xiashu Experimental Centre of Forest,where the soil is yellow-brown soil derved from siliceous slope wash.Sample plots of these 3 stands were established to study the nutrient status in litter ,the amount of nutrient uptake by roots,the quantity of nutrient output by percolating water outside the deep layer of soil,and the seasonal dynamics of available nutrient in surface soil.It was whown that the intensity of nutrient cycling in soil under deciduous oak was the highest,and the effect of oak in improving soil fertility was the best.The result of improving soil fertility by Chinese fir was the most inferior,though the intensity of nutrient cycling under that stand was higher than that under loblolly pine stand.The influence of loblolly pine on the improvement of soil fertility was better than that of Chinese fir,in spite of its lowest intensity of nutrient cycling. 相似文献
18.
The physicochemical properties, enzymatic activity, number and biomass of soil microorganisms was determined by direct microscopic methods in the anthropogenically changed loamy sandy-loamy soddy-pale-podzolic soils under forest parks (the city of Mogilev) with the predominance of meadow-weed plants in the ground cover. The urban environment had a more toxic influence on the biological activity of the soils than recreation. A more intense transformation of the litter substrate and accumulation of biogenic elements was revealed in the old-plowed sandy loamy soils under the urban coniferous-deciduous plantations as compared to these processes in the soils of the recreational pine forests in the vicinity of Mogilev. 相似文献
19.
基于不同林分类型下土壤碳氮储量垂直分布 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
以辽东大伙房水库周边防护林典型林分针阔混交林(落叶松-油松-刺槐混交林)、油松林、落叶松林、刺槐林为研究对象,对其土壤养分含量进行测定,研究了不同林分土壤剖面上有机碳、全氮、有机碳储量的分布规律。结果表明:随着土层深度的增大,4种林分的土壤有机碳、全氮含量均逐渐降低;4种林分土壤剖面有机碳含量大小顺序为落叶松林(24.16g/kg)刺槐林(23.07g/kg)针阔混交林(16.06g/kg)油松林(15.76g/kg);全氮含量大小顺序为刺槐林(5.23g/kg)落叶松林(4.57g/kg)油松林(3.45g/kg)针阔混交林(2.42g/kg);C/N平均值大小顺序为落叶松林(7.36)针阔混交林(6.51)油松林(4.67)刺槐林(4.57);4个林分0-40cm土层的有机碳储量大小为落叶松林(112.94t/hm~2)刺槐林(107.40t/hm~2)针阔混交林(105.42t/hm~2)油松林(89.89t/hm~2);4种林分土壤pH无明显差别,各土层土壤pH随土层深度增加而增大;4种林分土壤容重由高到低顺序依次为针阔混交林(1.73g/cm~3)油松(1.65g/cm~3)落叶松(1.64g/cm~3)刺槐(1.56g/cm~3)。4个林分土壤有机碳含量与土壤全氮含量互相间均存在极显著正相关关系,土壤有机碳、全氮含量与C/N之间则没有明显相关关系;在针阔混交林中,土壤容重、土壤全氮含量和土壤pH与土壤有机碳之间存在线性数量关系,而其他纯林则没有这种关系。 相似文献
20.
The differentiation of the soils under study in terms of the bulk chemical composition of the solid phase was mainly manifested along the profile and decreased with depth, because it was primarily ensured by the different aspects of the biogenic accumulative processes. The bulk composition parameters of the solid phase were of higher information value for determining the type of soil horizon, and the composition of the water-soluble compounds (in water extracts and natural soil solutions) reflected the features characteristic of the soil type. 相似文献