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1.
In Japan, selective thinning is a common thinning method, though line thinning receives much attention because of its economic merits. In this study, we examined effects of the two thinning methods on bird communities in Todo fir (Abies sachalinensis) plantations in Hokkaido, Japan. We surveyed bird species in forests under four different management types — unthinned, selectively thinned, line-thinned plantation, and naturally regenerated forest (here after referred to as natural forest) stands — using a line-transect method. We also investigated vegetation structure (canopy tree and understory) of these stands. Bird species richness did not differ between natural forests and plantations, while bird total abundance was greater in plantations than in natural forests. Bird species richness and total abundance were comparable among the three management types for plantations. Abundances of 10 bird species were different among the four management types, and five species were more abundant in line-thinned plantations. However, two species were more abundant in selectively thinned stands than in line-thinned stands, and they frequently appeared in natural forests. There were no distinct differences in vegetation structure among the management types for plantations. Our results suggest that line thinning could be beneficial for some bird species in plantations. 相似文献
2.
人工林在保护香港自然环境起着重要作用,但绝大多数人工林为纯林,生态系统较为脆弱。人工林的改造对于增加林地生物多样性、提升人工林的生态服务功能具有重要意义。研究选取20 a 生的尾叶桉（Eucalyptus urophylla）林和马占相思（Acacia mangium）林进行间伐套种处理,套种密度为1665株／hm2;以不间伐林分为对照,比较间伐套种后林分的物种多样性及套种树种的生长表现。结果表明,间伐＋套种3 a后,与未间伐林分相比,尾叶桉间伐林分植物的科、属和种数分别增加了78．6％、116．7％和100％,马占相思间伐林分相反。DCA 分析结果显示,群落中灌木层和草本层物种主要聚集在尾叶桉间伐林分,马占相思未间伐林分物种数次之。与未间伐相比,间伐＋套种措施显著提高了尾叶桉林乔木层 Shannon-Wiener 指数和均匀度指数、灌木层的物种丰富度指数和均匀度指数及草本层的丰富度和 Shannon-Wiener 指数（P ＜0．05）;但马占相思间伐＋套种林分的乔木层、灌木层和草本层的 Shannon-Wiener 指数均显著低于未间伐林分（P ＜0．05）;物种多样性指标总体表现为尾叶桉间伐林＞未间伐林,马占相思未间伐林＞间伐林。套种树种在尾叶桉和马占相思林分中的早期生长表现良好,树种间生长量没有明显差异。 相似文献
3.
Tree plantations can be an important tool for restoration of abandoned pasturelands in the tropics. Plantations can help speed up secondary forest succession by improving soil conditions, attracting seed-dispersal agents, and providing shade necessary for understory growth. In this study, abundance and richness of understory regeneration was measured in three native tree plantations 15–16 years of age at La Selva Biological Station in the Costa Rican Caribbean lowlands. Each plantation contained tree species in pure plots, a mixture of the species, and natural regeneration plots (no trees planted). The greatest abundance of regeneration was found in the understory of pure plots of Jacaranda copaia (Aubl.) D.Don., Vochysia guatemalensis Donn.Sm., Dipteryx panamensis Benth, Vochysia ferruginea Mart., and in two mixed stands, while the lowest was found in the natural regeneration treatments with about half the values as in the plantation stands. There was a significant negative correlation between percent canopy openness and abundance of regeneration in the understory. Two distinctive clusters separated the regeneration treatments from the mixed and pure plantations at a very low Bray–Curtis similarity value. The natural regeneration treatments are separated from mixed and pure plantations in the two-dimensional ordination. The lack of difference between the understory make-up of pure and mixed plantations in abundance, species richness, and seed-dispersal syndromes of understory species suggests that planting mixed stands is not necessarily superior to planting pure stands for promoting understory diversity of woody species. While regeneration of woody species can be faster under pure- or mixed-species plantations than in open pastures, the abundance, richness and species composition depends on each plantation species, or species assemblages in case of the mixtures. 相似文献
4.
Jörg Brunet Karin ValtinatMarian Lajos Mayr Adam FeltonMatts Lindbladh Hans Henrik Bruun 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(9):1863-1871
The herbaceous understory forms the richest stratum in temperate broadleaved forests in terms of plant diversity. Understanding the process of understory succession is thus of critical importance for the development of management guidelines for biodiversity restoration in post-agricultural plantation forests.We studied effects of stand age, forest fragmentation, and soil and canopy conditions on species richness and abundance of four species groups in the understory of post-arable oak plantations in southern Sweden: herbaceous forest specialists, habitat generalists and open-land species, and woody species.The group of forest specialists may approach the richness of continuously forested sites after 60-80 years in non-fragmented plantations, but many forest species were sensitive to habitat fragmentation. Open-land species richness decreased during succession, while the richness of woody species and of generalists remained stable, and was not affected by fragmentation. Abundance of generalists gradually decreased in non-fragmented plantations, probably due to competition from colonizing forest specialists. Soil pH in post-arable stands remained consistently higher than in continuously forested stands, which maintained differences in species composition. The development of a shrub layer seemed to imply a competitive advantage for forest specialists compared to generalist species.For successful recovery of a rich understory, we suggest that post-arable plantations should be established on loamy soils of intermediate to high pH proximate to older forest with source populations, and that a continuous overstory canopy cover of 70-80% is maintained by regular light thinnings and promotion of a shrub layer. 相似文献
5.
M. Abdul Maleque Hiroaki T. Ishii Kaoru Maeto Shingo Taniguchi 《Journal of Forest Research》2007,12(1):14-23
We investigated the effects of line thinning on the abundance of Hymenoptera in two Japanese cedar plantations in northern
Hyogo Prefecture, central Japan, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of this silvicultural treatment for ecosystem management.
Line thinning is a silvicultural treatment practiced in Japan, where linear stand sections are cut (25%–35% of the total number
of trees) retaining one to two rows of trees. We used Malaise traps to capture Hymenoptera from the line-thinned stand (treatment
plot, including thinned and retained sections) and the unthinned stand (control plot). Overall, the total number of Hymenoptera
was greater in the treatment plot than in the control plot. The treatment plot hosted more functional groups and families
of Hymenoptera than the control plot in both plantations. In the Kuchiotani plantation (high-elevation site), the overall
abundance of Hymenoptera and of many Hymenopteran functional groups were positively correlated with both species richness
and biomass of understory plants. In the Sugi plantation (low-elevation site), understory vegetation was less developed and
there was no correlation with abundance of Hymenoptera. Our study indicates that line thinning is an effective silvicultural
treatment for future management of overstocked Japanese cedar plantations because it can fulfill biodiversity objectives,
but the effectiveness may depend on silvicultural and landscape factors. 相似文献
6.
Plantations cover a substantial amount of Earth's terrestrial surface and this area is expected to increase dramatically in the coming decades. Pinus plantations make up approximately 32% of the global plantation estate. They are primarily managed for wood production, but have some capacity to support native fauna. This capacity likely varies with plantation management. We examined changes in the richness and frequency of occurrence of bird species at 32 plots within a Pinus radiata plantation (a management unit comprising multiple Pinus stands) in south-eastern Australia. Plots were stratified by distance to native forest, stand age class and thinning regime. We also assessed the landscape context of each plot to determine relationships between bird assemblages and stand and landscape-level factors. Bird species richness was significantly higher at plots ≥300 m from native forest and in mature (∼20 years since planting) and old (∼27 years since planting) thinned pine stands. We were able to separate the often confounding effects of stand age and thinning regime by including old stands that had never been thinned. These stands had significantly fewer species than thinned stands suggesting thinning regime, not age is a key factor to improving the capacity of pine plantations to support native species (although an age × thinning interaction may influence this result). At the landscape level, species richness increased in pine stands when they were closer to native riparian vegetation. There were no significant differences in species composition across plots. Our study indicates the importance of stand thinning and retention of native riparian vegetation in improving the value of pine plantations for the conservation of native fauna. 相似文献
7.
We estimated the potential of plantation forests for the restoration of the original plant community. We compared the understory vegetation in hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa [Sieb. et Zucc.] Endlicher) plantations at the understory re-initiation stage and in adjacent natural forests. To estimate the effect of the original natural forests on the understory species composition of plantation forests, we established study sites in five types of natural forests (mature evergreen broadleaf, mature deciduous broadleaf, mature evergreen coniferous, immature deciduous broadleaf warm-temperate, and immature deciduous broadleaf cool-temperate) and nearby plantation forests. The understory vegetation of the plantation forests had a higher species richness, a higher proportion of early-seral species, and a higher proportion of herb or fern species than the natural forests. The differences between natural and plantation forests varied according to the species composition of the natural forests. The composition of the understory vegetation of the plantations at the understory re-initiation stage was similar to that of the immature deciduous forests. The characteristics of immature, disturbed forests remained in the understory vegetation of the hinoki forests. No great loss of species was observed. Our findings suggest that most of the original forest species still survive in the understory of the plantation forests. These forests have the potential to follow the successional pathway to broadleaf or mixed forests via thinning or clear-cutting without planting. 相似文献
8.
间伐强度对杉木人工林林下植被和土壤性质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】从发展林下植被、改善群落结构的角度,探讨适合杉木人工林的间伐强度,为提高人工林的稳定性和维护地力、维持人工林的可持续经营提供依据。【方法】2013年对福建省将乐国有林场的杉木人工林采取3种强度间伐:弱度间伐(LT,10%～25%)、中度间伐(MT,25%～35%)和强度间伐(HT,40%～50%),并设置对照样地(CK,未间伐)。于2016年对样地内林木进行每木检尺,调查林下植被物种多样性、盖度、生物量和土壤理化性质。对测定数据进行单因素方差分析,用Tukey法多重比较进行两两差异显著性检验,并对林下植被与土壤理化性质进行Pearson相关分析。【结果】间伐3年后,未间伐、弱度和中度间伐的盖度分别为25.52%、52.81%和58.98%,林下植被均未能形成群落,强度间伐的盖度为100%,林下形成灌木蕨类群落;灌木层物种丰富度、多样性指数、盖度和生物量均随间伐强度增加而增加,均匀度指数随间伐强度的增加而降低;草本层物种丰富度、多样性指数、均匀度指数、盖度和生物量均随间伐强度增加而增加;间伐3年后,弱度、中度、强度间伐林比未间伐林的表层土(0～10 cm)有机质含量分别增加71.41%、39.31%和98.10%,全氮含量分别增加82.76%、51.27%和115.87%,碱解氮含量分别增加49.47%、25.59%和42.22%,有效磷含量分别增加138.29%、112.23%和174.29%,速效钾含量分别增加-16.25%、-24.25%和16.27%,对表层土pH值、全磷含量和土壤物理性质的影响均不显著;灌木的盖度和生物量与土壤的有机质、全氮、全磷和有效磷含量均显著(P<0.05)正相关,此外灌木的盖度还与速效钾含量显著(P<0.05)正相关,草本盖度与土壤理化性质相关性不强,草本生物量与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮以及有效磷含量显著(P<0.05)正相关,林下植被的盖度和生物量均与土壤pH值和物理性质没有显著相关性。【结论】未间伐的杉木人工林林下植被的物种多样性、盖度和生物量均低,林下植被未能形成群落,缺乏稳定性;间伐能够促进林下植被的发育,增加林下植被生物多样性、盖度和生物量,林下植被能形成群落,可提高维护地力的能力,尤其是强度间伐;建议杉木人工幼龄林进行40%～50%强度的抚育间伐,将郁闭度调整到0.6～0.7较为合理。 相似文献
9.
Despite the increasing claims that structural complexity in agroforestry plantations is a key variable for enhancing bird
biodiversity, few studies have experimentally manipulated the understory component of structural complexity. Here, we examined
the impact of removing understory vegetation from oil palm plantations on the richness and abundance of birds in eastern Guatemala,
testing if bird richness and abundance are positively affected by the presence of understory vegetation. Oil palm plantations
with understory hold more bird richness and abundance than those lacking it. The experimental removal of this vegetation,
equivalent to a reduction in complexity, decreases bird richness but not abudance. Our analysis shows clear effects of vegetation
removal on bird richness, such that removal reduces richness and abundance to levels found in areas without understory. Hence,
leaving or implementing structural complexity within plantations could satisfy the current need of making commodity production
a cleaner industry, fulfilling both, the production of highly demanded commodities and the conservation of biodiversity in
productive landscapes. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is one of the most rapidly expanding crop in tropical regions, representing the major cause of loss of natural forests and
of the decline of endangered species in several countries. Enhancing understory vegetation might reduce such negative effects.
This is one of the few experimental tests about how a component of the vegetation and structural complexity of plantations
affects birds. 相似文献
10.
Róbert Gallé Nikolett Gallé-Szpisjak Attila Torma 《European Journal of Forest Research》2017,136(1):51-58
Plantation forests comprise an important part of the forested areas in European countries. Intensive forestry management and short-rotation cycles of plantation forests reduce habitat diversity and change the composition of invertebrate assemblages, mainly by reducing the number of habitat specialist species. Here, we analysed the effect of vegetation structure, amount of dead organic matter (DOM) and plantation age on spider functional diversity and assemblage structure in short-rotation plantations of native silver poplar in Hungary. Three stages, representing young plantations, 6- to 10-year-old stands (five stands), middle-aged plantations, aged between 23 and 26 years (five stands) and mature, 35- to 37-year-old forests at commercial maturity (five stands) were sampled. Each sample consisted of the data of ten pitfall traps. Traps were installed 5 m from each other in a 2 × 5 grid. Functional diversity was positively related to vegetation structure. High functional diversity indicates a higher number of available niches and potential resources. The abundance of moist habitat species and forest specialist species was positively correlated with DOM. Furthermore, moist habitat species were also related to vegetation structure. The most important environmental parameters affecting spiders were factors attributed to trees (litter and DOM), understory vegetation structure and, to a lesser extent, forest age. Different-aged stands may be similar in terms of species composition of their spider fauna if they comprise the same habitat structural patterns. Our study emphasises that the simple habitat structure of plantation forests has a negative effect on spider communities. 相似文献
11.
《Southern Forests》2013,75(4):285-291
Softwood forestry with non-native tree species is increasing worldwide and especially in many developing countries of the Southern Hemisphere. Tree plantations are beneficial in environmental and socioeconomic aspects, but at the same time there are recognised costs associated with afforestation. Our aim was to revise the existing information on the impact of exotic conifer plantations in north-western Patagonia on insect biodiversity. A total of five studies were selected and, in these, not every insect group responded in a similar manner to the habitat replacement. There was a tendency towards a reduction in abundance and species richness of several insects inside pine plantations. This change in abundance and richness was especially evident for ant assemblages and when pine plantations were dense. Beetle assemblages, in turn, showed diverse responses to the replacement of native vegetation with forests depending on the native habitat matrix. Our findings confirm that practices that reduce tree density (via thinning or during plantation) should be recommended to minimise their impact on insect biodiversity in north-western Patagonia. The consistent behaviour of ant assemblages, coupled with their abundance, ease to sample and unambiguous taxonomy make them reliable candidates for long-term monitoring of the impact conifer forestation in north-western Patagonia, as well as probably in other regions of the world in which non-native pines replace natural environments. 相似文献
12.
Pao-Shen Huang Hui-Chen Lin Chung-Ping Lin I-Min Tso 《European Journal of Forest Research》2014,133(5):919-930
Currently, information about the effect of forest management on biodiversity of subtropical plantation forests in Asia is quite limited. In this study, we compared the spider community structures and guild compositions of subtropical Cryptomeria japonica plantation forests receiving different degree of thinning (0, 25 and 50 %) in central Taiwan. The ground spider diversities and environmental variables were sampled/measured once every 3 months for 1 year before thinning and 2 years after thinning. Results showed that before thinning spider compositions did not differ significantly among three plantation forest types. Two years after thinning, spider species and family compositions of three plantation forest types differed significantly. In all three plantation forest types, the spider composition differed from year to year, indicating existence of temporal variations in spider diversity. Ground hunters (increased 200–600 % in thinned forests), sheet web weavers (increased 50–300 % in thinned forests) and space web weavers (decreased 30–50 % in thinned forests) were the major contributors of the observed spider composition differences among plantation forests receiving different treatments. The stands receiving thinning treatments also had higher illumination, litter decomposition rate, temperature and understory vegetation density. Thinning treatments might have changed the structures of understory vegetation and canopy cover and consequently resulted in abundance and diversity changes of these guilds. Moreover, the heterogeneity in understory vegetation recovery rate and temporal variation of spider composition might further generate spider diversity variations in subtropical forests receiving different degree of thinning. 相似文献
13.
Diversity of naturally-regenerated native woody species in forest plantations in the Ethiopian highlands 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Woody species diversity and ground layervegetation cover were studied in plantations ofPinus patula, Cupressus lusitanica,Grevillea robusta, and Juniperusprocera, and in surrounding natural forests inWondo Genet, Ethiopia. In the understory of theplantations, a total of 53 naturallyregenerated tree and shrub species belonging to31 families were recorded. Important indigenoustimber species were also represented. Treesaccounted for 72% of all naturally-regeneratedwoody plant species. On the average, 78% ofthe woody species found in plantations werealso found in the natural forest. There was nosignificant variation in understory woodyspecies richness among plantations. C.lusitanica plantations had a significantlyhigher abundance of woody species than those ofP. patula, but the difference wasnot significant in relation to J. procera,G. robusta and the adjacent natural forest.The herbaceous ground cover percentage in G. robusta and P. patula stands wasconsiderably higher than in C. lusitanicaand J. procera stands. Relative toplantations of other species, plantations ofthe native tree species J. procera hadhigher understory species richness, mediumwoody species abundance and low ground cover.Although there was a marked variation inoverstory plantation density, its effect onunderstory species richness and abundance wasnot significant. The density ofnaturally-regenerated woody species inplantations was over three times the usualplanting density in Ethiopia, indicating a highpotential of forest plantations for restoringthe natural forest ecosystems on degraded landsat a comparatively low cost. 相似文献
14.
This study investigated effects of a second-thinning entry on understory vegetation and tree regeneration development and understory vegetation composition. Study sites were located in the Coast Range and Cascade Range mountains of western Oregon and were dominated by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests. Stands were initially thinned between 1975 and 1982 and parts of these same stands were thinned again approximately 20 yr later. Thinning stands a second time resulted in greater amounts of fern, graminoid, and open-site species, but the abundance of tree regeneration was not affected. Despite different site conditions, compositional patterns in the understory consistently shifted toward open-site early seral species following the second thinnings. These results suggest that the initial impacts of a second thinning are not simply predictable from studies in which only a single thinning was implemented. It is important to consider that vegetation trends were already influenced by the previous thinnings, and impacts of the second thinning are thus not as easily detectable. Within these limitations, repeated thinnings may be an effective management tool to maintain early seral species in older forests, while other aspects of understory vegetation and tree regeneration are less influenced in the short term. 相似文献
15.
《Forest Ecology and Management》1999,113(1):11-21
A methodological approach to the identification of biodiversity indicators in commercial forest stands is illustrated by analysis of the relationships between syrphid (hoverflies) and carabid (ground beetles) community composition and diversity, and stand structure and field layer vegetation. Data were collected from 12 commercial forest sites encompassing a range of climatic conditions and different crop types (Scots pine, Sitka spruce, Norway spruce and Corsican pine) across the UK. Comparisons were also made between unmanaged semi-natural Scots pine woods and Scots pine plantations. For both syrphids and carabids, no differences in species richness and diversity were recorded between semi-natural stands and plantations; one rare syrphid considered to be restricted to semi-natural pine stands was also found in spruce. Syrphid species diversity and richness was higher in southern spruce sites than in the northern sites. Northern sites had distinctive carabid communities, as did sites in the New Forest, a large ancient woodland in southern England. Of the measured habitat variables, vertical stand structure showed the best correlation with species richness and diversity of both carabids and syrphids. Richness and diversity were less in stands with high vertical cover values for canopy layers. Stands with higher field layer cover supported greater syrphid diversity, but lower carabid diversity. Measures of stand structure could be used as potential indicators of syrphid and carabid diversity, but additional habitat parameters also need to be tested. 相似文献
16.
[目的]探讨巨桉林中蚂蚁群落的生态状况及植被变化后蚂蚁群落的响应,为今后土地利用方式的选择优化及生态恢复策略的制定提供依据。[方法]于2012年10月和2013年4月采用Winkler袋法调查云南省绿春县的巨桉人工林和天然次生林中枯落物层蚂蚁群落。[结果]共采集枯落物层蚂蚁5亚科34属66种2 118头。四个样地间枯落物层蚂蚁的物种丰富度有显著差异(GLM,t=-2.068,P=0.039),相对多度无显著差异(GLM,t=-0.174,P=0.863),其中巨桉林E1蚂蚁物种丰富度最高,N2最低;天然次生林N1蚂蚁多度最高,E2最低。巨桉林枯落物层蚂蚁群落结构与天然次生林无显著差异(ANOSIM Global R=0.5,P=0.333)。巨桉林中的指示物种为菱结大头蚁和东方小家蚁,天然次生林中的指示物种为红足厚结猛蚁。枯落物层厚度与蚂蚁物种丰富度显著负相关,枯落物层其它指标与蚂蚁物种丰富度和多度均无显著相关性。[结论]干扰少、林下植被丰富的人工巨桉林对枯落物层蚂蚁群落多样性的保护具有积极意义。 相似文献
17.
18.
Stephanie Sobek Teja Tscharntke Christoph Scherber Susanne Schiele Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009
Bees and wasps provide important ecosystem services such as pollination and biocontrol in crop-dominated landscapes, but surprisingly little information is available on hymenopteran communities in temperate forest ecosystems. Species richness and abundance of bees and wasps can be hypothesised to increase with plant diversity, structural complexity, and availability of food and nesting resources. By experimentally exposing standardised nesting sites, we examined abundance and species richness of cavity-nesting bees (pollinators), wasps (predators) and their associated parasitoids across a tree diversity gradient in a temperate deciduous forest habitat. In addition, spatial distribution of individuals and species across forest strata (canopy vs. understory) was tested. Abundance and species richness was high for predatory wasps, but generally low for pollinators. Species-rich forest stands supported increased abundance, but not species richness, of pollinators and predatory wasps, and also increased abundance and species richness of natural enemies. In addition, the forests showed a distinct spatial stratification in that abundance of bees, wasps and parasitoids as well as parasitism rates were higher in the canopy than understory. We conclude that particularly the canopy in temperate forest stands can serve as an important habitat for predatory wasp species and natural enemies, but not bee pollinators. Enhanced tree diversity was related to increased hymenopteran abundance, which is likely to be linked to an increase in nesting and food resources in mixed forest stands. 相似文献
19.
Josef Suchomel Luboš Purchart Ladislav Čepelka 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(6):1933-1941
Small-mammal communities were monitored over 4 years in South Moravian rural lowland forests in order to study relationships with various forest habitat types. Early successional sites (plantations) and forest edges maintained communities with higher abundance and diversity. Lowest total abundance was observed in unmanaged lowland forest and highest abundance in plantations with irregular undergrowth management. Low diversity was typical of non-fruiting monocultures. In plantations, both diversity and abundance were affected by herb layer removal, with sites subject to regular cutting, displaying lower levels. Significant differences in diversity and species richness were only detected between early and late successional sites, with the former showing higher values. Two basic small-mammal community groups were determined; (1) those inhabiting sites with a thick herb undergrowth and an open tree canopy (plantation) and (2) those inhabiting stands with sparse or no herb layer and a closed canopy (high forest). Forest stands support long-term populations of dominant small forest-dwelling mammal species and, as such, serve as reservoirs, even in rural landscapes dominated by intensive arable farming. Managed early succession lowland forests represent important refuges for a number of small open-habitat mammals negatively affected by intensive farming. 相似文献
20.
不同林龄桉树林下植被多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以广东省信宜市中部山区不同林龄（3 a 生和 5 a 生）桉树人工林为研究对象,通过样地调查, 统计和分析了桉树林下植被结构特征（种类组成、结构与分布）和物种多样性（Margale 丰富度指数、 Simpson 优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener 指数和 Pielou 均匀度指数）。结果表明：（1）3 a 生桉树林下植被共 记录维管束植物23 科 31 属 33 种,5 a 生桉树林林下植被共记录维管束植物 24 科 32 属 35 种,不同林龄 桉树林下植被结构与分布特征差异较大,乔木幼苗、灌木层和草本层的优势种均明显不同;（2）林龄对 桉树林下植被丰富度影响相对较小,但对优势度和均匀度影响较大;随着林龄的增加,桉树林下灌木层 和草本层植被物种多样性均明显下降,其中灌木层下降幅度大于草本层。总体而言,林龄对林下植被的 种类组成影响相对较小,但对林下植被的结构与分布以及物种多样性有显著影响。 相似文献