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1.
At the end of the 1974 epizootic of bovine congenital arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly in south-eastern New South Wales, an Australia-wide serological survey (about 4,000 serums) was made to determine the ditribution of cattle possessing serum neutralising antibodies against Akabane virus. Eighty per cent of the serums from cattle in northern Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, and Queensland) were positive. A detailed study in the epizootic area in New South Wales (particularly around Bega) showed that 80 to 100% of serums from cows in herds in this area possessed neutralising antibodies. The animals possessing antibodies extended as far south as Genoa in north-eastern Victoria, and as far west as Darlington Point on the Murrumbidgee River. There were no positive herds along the Murray River, where an outbreak of the mosquito-borne disease Murray Valley encephalitis occurred in 1974. Serums tested from cows in the rest of Victoria, South Australia, south-western Western Australia, and Tasmania were negative. Arthrogrypotic calves born in Tasmania and south-western Western Australia were not associated with the presence of Akabane virus. In Papua New Guinea, serums collected from cattle at Boroka, Lae, and Goroka did not possess neutralising antibodies. The distribution of cattle possessing antibodies in Australia would fit a spread of the virus by Culicoides brevitarsis, a biting midge from which Akabane virus had been isolated on three occasions. The possibility of other vectors, as well as C. brevitarsis, was suggested by the presence of cows possessing antibodies at Alice Springs, where this biting midge has not been found. Possibly most cattle in northern Australia become infected early in life. The epizootics in New South Wales could occur when seasonal conditions allow a southerly extension of virus-infected C. brevitarsis which feed on susceptible pregnant animals. C. brevitarsis also bites sheep, and both neutralising antibodies to Akabane virus and congenitally deformed lambs have been observed in the epizootic area. An understanding of the distribtuion of Akabane virus and C. brevitarsis, a possible Australian vector for bluetongue virus, may prove useful if bluetongue should enter Australia.  相似文献   

2.
Vector-borne arboviruses produce mild to severe symptoms in domestic animals. Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), Akabane, Aino, and Chuzan virus have been primarily attributed to reproductive disorders or febrile diseases in cattle, and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is mainly associated with reproductive failures in swine. We investigated antibody titers from domestic swine against four bovine arboviruses (BEF, Akabane, Aino, and Chuzan virus) and from cattle against JEV in Korea. While the positive rates for Akabane and BEF were 37.4% and 15.7%, the positive incidence of Chuzan and Aino were relatively low, with positive rates of 3.04% and 0.4%, respectively, based on a virus neutralization assay. Antibody titers against more than one virus were also frequently detected in domestic swine. The incidence of JEV was 51.3% among domestic cattle. In addition, one positive case was detected in the thoracic fluids from 35 aborted calves, based on the hemagglutination inhibition test. Our results indicate that swine are susceptible hosts of bovine arboviruses without showing clinical symptoms in a natural environment. Moreover, we confirmed that JEV could be associated with reproductive failure in pregnant cattle, as were other vector-borne bovine arboviruses assessed in this study.  相似文献   

3.
To investigate the possible circulation of arboviruses in South Korea, nationwide surveillance of five arbovirues was conducted in sentinel calves during 2009−2012. We used serum neutralization tests to investigate the presence of antibodies for the Aino virus, Akabane virus, bovine ephemeral fever virus, Chuzan virus and Ibaraki virus. In 2009, 2011 and 2012, the seropositive rates for these five arboviruses were all less than 14.1%. In 2010, however, the seropositive rates for Aino virus and Akabane virus were 33.2% and 40.2%, respectively. High seropositive rates were also associated with a large-scale outbreak of Akabane viral encephalomyelitis in cattle in southern Korea in 2010. Continued seroprevalence surveillance will be useful for monitoring natural arboviral diseases.  相似文献   

4.
ANTIBODIES TO AKABANE VIRUS IN AUSTRALIA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
SUMMARY Neutralising antibody to Akabane virus was shown to develop in cattle in northern Australia throughout the year and also on the east coast of New South Wales in the summer during 1975/1976. Other species found to have antibody to Akabane virus were buffaloes, horses, camels and sheep, but no antibody was found in domestic chickens, ducks, wallabies or man. The biting midge Culicoides brevitarsis has been detected in all the major areas where antibody was demonstrated in this study.  相似文献   

5.
Twenty-two sentinel cattle were observed daily during an outbreak of ephemeral fever on a dairy farm in eastern Australia in the summer of 1981–192. Of the 22 cattle, 9 developed clinical ephemeral fever. None developed sub-clinical infection. The pattern of the epidemic was a single index case followed 10 days later by the main epidemic wave which lasted for 7 days. This wave stopped when there were still 14 uninfected susceptible animals remaining in the sentinel group, and when biting flies were very active. Ten isolations of bovine ephemeral fever virus were made in Aedes albopictus tissue cultures from the blood of 5 clinical cases. One hundred and twelve isolations of CSIRO Village virus and one each of Kimberley and Akabane viruses were also made from various members of the sentinel group. There was serological evidence that infections with Tibrogargan, Tinaroo and Aino viruses also occurred in 6 cattle in the observation period. The 13 cattle undergoing a sub-clinical viraemia with CSIRO Village virus, Tibrogargan, Kimberley, Akabane or Aino viruses at the time of the main outbreak, appeared to be temporarily protected against ephemeral fever. However, 9 of the 11 still remaining in the herd were susceptible in a subsequent outbreak of ephemeral fever 2 years later. Evidence is presented that subclinical infections with other arboviruses may limit an ephemeral fever epidemic by providing temporary protection by interference.  相似文献   

6.
Serum samples collected from cattle in Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland and New South Wales in 1966 had neutralising antibodies to ephemeral fever virus, although the last major epizootic of ephemeral fever was in 1955-56. The incidence of antibodies ranged from 1.5% in Western Australia to 29.0% in Queens- land, and 57.6% of serums assayed were of low titre (2 to 5). Antibodies were not found in serums collected from cattle in Victoria, South Australia, southern Western Australia or Norfolk Island. After the 1967-68 epizootic the pro-porton of cattle with antibody ranged from 3.1% to 47.6% in herds with antibody in Victoria to 81.8% to 91.7% in herds in Queensland, and 58.2% of serums assayed had antibody titres greater than 45. Cattle with low levels of antibody in 1966 had high levels after the 1967-68 epizootic, although it is not known what pro-portion showed clinical signs of ephemeral fever during the epizootic. Serum samples collected in 1966, and which contained low levels of antibody, were fractionated by gel filtration and the neutralising activity was confined to the 7S globulin fraction. In one cow experimentally infected with ephemeral fever virus, the neutralising activity at 15 days after inoculation was confined to the 19S globulin fraction, in both the 19S and 7S fractions at 22 days but was almost totally confined to the 7S fraction by day 36. The significance of the results is discussed, and it is suggested that ephemeral fever virus remains enzootic in areas of Australia between major epizootics, but the infecting virus may be of low pathogenicity and immunogenicity for cattle, resulting mainly in subclinical infections.  相似文献   

7.
The role of infectious agents on dairy farms on the Atherton Tableland in tropical north Queensland was studied as part of a comprehensive investigation into the causes of bovine abortion. The prevalence of antibody in serums collected from 7 herds whose annual abortion rates ranged from 3% to 21% were as follows: Leptospira hardjo 49.9% (426/853), L. pomona 0.4% (3/851), bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) 33.7% (35/104). Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBR) 11.5% (12/105), Akabane virus 92.2% (95/103), Aino virus 62.1% (64/103), Chlamydia psittaci 3.1% (37/1004), Brucella abortus 0% (0/851), and Toxoplasma gondii 0% (0/105). Testing of serums against a wide range of leptospiral serotypes indicated that reactions occurring in the Hebdomadis and Sejroe serogroups were probably cross reactions with L. hardjo. Infection with L. hardjo and Akabane virus occurred prior to first mating and contact with Aino virus occurred during first pregnancy. Infection with BVD and IBR viruses was sporadic. The pathology and microbiology of 32 aborted foetuses from 24 Tableland herds (10 from the group of 19 farms under more intense study) were performed. Lesions associated with a Sarcocystis-like agent were present in 6, leptospires in 1, suspected toxic hepatosis in 2 and purulent bronchopneumonia (Staphylococcus aureus) in 1 foetus. No diagnoses were made in the remaining 22 foetuses (69%). Evidence for a common infectious cause of abortion in the population was inconclusive.  相似文献   

8.
A serological survey was carried out to detect specific (serotype 20) and a group bluetongue virus antibody in cattle and sheep serums collected in Western Australia during the period January 1 1978 to June 30 1979. Of 18,849 cattle serums examined by the gel diffusion precipitin test (GDPT), 9.7% were positive and 6.1% gave doubtful results. All 1949 sheep serums tested were negative. Precipitin antibody was demonstrated in 22.5% of serums from Kimberley cattle and 3.6% of cattle serums from the Northwest. Serums collected from cattle in the South were consistently negative in GDPT. When 915 serums that reacted in the GDPT were further tested by the complement fixation test (CFT), 164 were positive. The percentage of CFT positive serums increased as the GDPT reaction became stronger. 2467 serums collected from cattle in Kimberley and Northwest areas and tested by the CFT, 175 (7.1%) were positive. These 175 positive serums were also examined by GDPT and 164 doubtful or positive reactions were obtained. The virus neutralisation (VNT) using serotype 20 virus was carried out on 3804 serums, including all serums that reacted in the GDPT, and 57 were positive. When the VNT positive serums were examined in the other 2 tests, 47 serums were either positive or doubtful in the GDPT and 8 were positive in the CFT. The presence of bluetongue virus group antibody in cattle serums closely followed the suggested distribution pattern of Culicoides brevitarsis but specific serotype 20 neutralising antibody was limited to cattle serums from stations situated north of latitude 17 degrees S in an area of mean annual rainfall higher than 700 mm.  相似文献   

9.
Sera collected from the southern parts of Japan were subjected to serological tests for antibodies to 24 arthropod-borne or suspected arthropod-borne viruses. A high incidence (82%) of hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibodies was found with Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus. HI antibodies to other Flaviviruses, Murray Valley encephalitis, Apoi, Kunjin, Stratford and Kokobera, were also found in some of the sera, but seemed to be due to cross reaction with JE virus. High neutralizing (NT) antibody incidences were obtained with Akabane (60%) and Aino (30%) viruses known to be endemic in Japan. NT antibodies were also found for Bunyaviruses, Batai and Wongla; Reoviridae viruses, D'Aguilar, Warrego, and Mitchell River; and Kowanyama and Belmont viruses. Complement fixing antibodies were found for Reoviridae viruses bluetongue type 1 and Ibaraki; Picornavirus Nodamura and Rhabdovirus bovine ephemeral fever. No antibodies were detected with Reoviridae viruses Corriparta and Eubenangee; Bunyavirus Trubanaman; and Alfavirus Chikungunya.  相似文献   

10.
Serum-neutralising antibodies to Akabane virus were found in a wide range of domestic animals in all countries of the Arabian Peninsula but the virus does not seem to be endemic there. Sentinel herds in Oman and N. Yemen did not detect any Akabane activity between August 1984-November 1986 and May 1983-November 1984, respectively. However, there is strong evidence to suggest that Akabane virus incursions have recently taken place in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain as neutralising antibodies were detected in 1-year-old cattle bled during 1986 in each of these countries. The possibility of windborne infected vectors, from virus-endemic areas, initiating these incursions into the Arabian Peninsula is discussed.  相似文献   

11.
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is one of the important emerging viral diseases of serious impact in public health and animal hygiene both in human and animal industries. In this study, we developed a monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies to RVFV in goats and cattle. The recombinant N protein of RVFV was expressed in E. coli with a six-histidine tag, and the purified N protein was used for detecting antigen with a competitive monoclonal antibody against RVFV antibodies. The competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) could detect antibodies at 9-11 days after inoculation in goats and cattle with a sensitivity of 94.7% (virus neutralization titer >32) and specificity of 99.7%, respectively. In addition, the C-ELISA did not show any cross-reactivity with positive sera against arboviruses such as Akabane, Aino, Chuzan, Ibaraki and bovine ephemeral fever virus, which are prevalent viral agents in ruminant animals throughout Southeast Asia. The results of the present study indicate that the C-ELISA is a simple, rapid and convenient serodiagnostic method for RVFV in goats and cattle.  相似文献   

12.
ISOLATIONS OF AKABANE VIRUS FROM SENTINEL CATTLE AND CULICOIDES BREVITARSIS   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
SUMMARY A total of 14 isolations of Akabane virus were made from the blood of five cattle during sub-clinical infection. The serial isolation of this virus from four of these animals suggests a viraemia of at least 3 or 4 days. Neutralising antibody to Akabane virus in the serum of infected calves reached an initial peak titre of 32 to 256 four to five days after the viraemia but later rose further to a range of 64 to 512. Three isolations of Akabane virus were made from Culicoides brevitarsis collected nearby in the same period. C. brevitarsis was the dominant haematophagous midge present during that time. These findings strengthen the case for C. brevitarsis to be considered as a vector of Akabane virus.  相似文献   

13.
赤羽病琼脂免疫扩散试验诊断方法的研究   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  
应用引自美国和日本的羽病毒和标准阳性血甭,制备了琼脂免疫扩散试验（ＡＧＩＤ）抗原和高免阳性血清,建立了赤羽病ＡＧＩＤ诊断方法。应用此方法对上海、杭州、广州等地的１３８３头牛进行了检疫,ＡＧＩＤ抗体阳性牛７４６头,阳笥率５４．０％,与流行情况相符。同时对从澳大利亚、美国、新西兰和加拿大等国进口的牛、羊、猪血清１６２头份进行了检疫,全部为ＡＧＩＤ抗体阴性。  相似文献   

14.
The duration of maternally-derived antibodies against three arboviruses was investigated in calves, using the results of arbovirus serosurveillance performed in Kagoshima Prefecture during 2002–2016. The duration of maternally-derived antibodies against Akabane virus (AKAV), Aino virus (AINOV), and Chuzan virus (CHUV) was estimated to be 178 (sensitivity: 0.769, specificity: 0.730), 156 (sensitivity: 0.806, specificity: 0.791), and 156 days of age (sensitivity: 0.845, specificity: 0.814), by receiver operating characteristic analysis. The duration of maternally-derived antibodies against AKAV, AINOV, and CHUV differed 7–14, 22–28, and 20–31 days in the same calf types between the regions far from each other although it was similar between the adjacent regions. The dairy calves showed 6–29 days longer duration than the beef calves rearing in a similar region.  相似文献   

15.
To determine the teratogenic potential of Aino virus (AINOV) in cattle, pregnant cows and fetal cattle were infected with a fresh isolate of AINOV. Five pregnant cows were inoculated intravenously with the virus at 122 to 162 days of gestation and allowed to give birth. All of the cows developed neutralizing antibodies to the virus, indicating that the cows had been infected with the virus; however, no clinical abnormalities were seen in their six newborn calves, and no specific antibodies to the virus were detected in the precolostral serum of calves. Five fetuses with fetal ages ranging from 132 to 156 days were inoculated in utero with the virus. One weak newborn and four stillborn calves were delivered at gestation days 256 to 263, i.e., less than the standard gestation term; they had congenital abnormalities including arthrogryposis, hydranencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia. Antibodies specific to AINOV were detected in their precolostral serum. These results demonstrate that AINOV is a potential etiological agent of congenital malformation of cattle.  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVE: To report an outbreak of congenital chondrodystrophy in calves in South East Australia. METHODS: District veterinarians investigated reported cases of calf deformities. Owners of affected herds were interviewed using a standard questionnaire to identify potential risk factors. Dams of several affected calves were serologically tested for Akabane virus, Aino virus, pestivirus and bluetongue, and affected calves were tested for pestivirus antigen and serum immunoglobulin concentrations. Gross and histopathological examinations of numerous calves were performed, concentrating on the musculoskeletal system. RESULTS: A case definition of distinctive skeletal deformities was established, and 89 property owners reported calves with chondrodystrophy in Spring 2003, 2004 or 2005. Some 14 property owners reported affected calves in more than one year. Prevalence and severity of deformity varied greatly between and within properties. None of breed, sex, age of dam, lineage, pasture type, supplementary feeding, fertiliser use or toxic plants was consistently associated with the disease. All dams experienced hot, dry conditions during the first trimester of pregnancy and were exposed to adverse conditions thereafter. Consistently dams were reported to have been grazing undulating to hilly terrain during early pregnancy. All serological tests were negative for Akabane virus, Aino virus, pestivirus and bluetongue. Histopathology of affected skeletal samples showed chondrodysplasia. CONCLUSION: The outbreak had similarities with previous outbreaks reported in the region. No specific aetiology could be determined. There is some evidence that the cause of the deformities could be a manganese deficiency during foetal development. Ongoing work to test this hypothesis is therefore warranted.  相似文献   

17.
赤羽病微量病毒中和试验诊断方法的研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  
应用引自日本的赤羽病病毒，制备了微量病毒中和试验抗原和高免阳性血清，建立了赤羽病微量病毒中和试验诊断方法，应用此方法对广东省７２４头牛血清进行了检查，阳性率为３５．３％，对上海６６５头牛血清作了检查，阳性率为６７．７％，说明这些地区曾流行过赤羽病，同时对澳大利亚当地牛１０８头进行检查，阳性率为５５．５％，与外报道一致。对澳大利亚、加拿大，美国进口牛１７３头的检查结果，全部阴性，对澳大利亚进口羊９９２头的检查结果，发现阳性１头，已得到澳方认可。  相似文献   

18.
Peaton virus (PEAV) is a type of arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) belonging to the genus Orthobunyavirus, much like Akabane virus and Aino virus. These arboviruses cause stillbirth and congenital malformations of fetuses in ruminants. In Japan, abnormal birth in bovine caused by PEAV were reported in Okinawa, Kyushu, and Chugoku regions, but it has never been reported in Shikoku region. The abnormal birth occurred in 2020 in Ehime Prefecture (Shikoku region) and suspected of being caused by PEAV from results of clinical signs, pathological findings, and virus neutralization test using PEAV. However, PEAV was not detected and isolated. This report describes the case of abnormal birth in bovine suspected of being caused by PEAV first occurred in Shikoku region, Japan.  相似文献   

19.
CSIRO 132 virus, which is new to science in Australia, and probably the world, has been isolated from Culicoides brevitarsis. Electron micrographs show that it resembles a rhabdovirus. Antibodies to the new virus have been detected in water buffaloes and cattle, but not in 58 human beings, 14 camels, 21 dogs, 67 goats, 15 horses, 43 pigs, 154 sheep, 98 wallabies or 38 possums. The distribution of antibodies in cattle lies within the distribution range of C. brevitarsis. It has not so far been associated with disease. The name Tibrogargan is proposed for the new virus.  相似文献   

20.
施马伦贝格病毒病(Schmallenberg virus,SBV)是一种新发现的动物传染病,因于2011年底在德国施马伦贝格镇首次发现而临时得名,随后蔓延于西欧(包括比利时、法国、德国、荷兰、意大利、卢森堡、西班牙、英国和丹麦),并分别在奥地利、波兰、瑞典和芬兰等国的牛、山羊、绵羊中检测到抗体。遗传分析显示该病毒与布尼亚病毒科(Bunyaviridae)正布尼亚病毒属(Orthobunyavirus)西姆布血清群病毒(Simbu serogroup viruses)的亲缘关系最密切,西姆布血清群病毒是已知的反刍动物病原,可通过节肢动物媒介(蚊、蠓)传播。施马伦贝格病毒病有2种不同的临床症状:成年牛出现短暂轻微/温和的病症(产奶量减少、发热、腹泻)和新生哺乳动物(牛、羊)死产和先天缺陷。因为同群类似的病毒不是人畜共患病病原,也无该病毒致人发病的证据,但现阶段尚不能完全排除。尽管目前没有特效的药物和疫苗,但因已有类似病毒(赤羽病)的疫苗,疫苗接种应是控制该病的可能选项。因施马伦贝格病毒是一种新发现的病毒,许多方面尚不清楚,还有待于进一步研究。  相似文献   

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