共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 843 毫秒
1.
土壤铜含量对水稻生长发育和产量形成的影响 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
在盆栽土培条件下，以武香粳14号和汕优63为材料，研究了土壤铜含量对水稻生长发育和产量形成的影响。结果表明：(1) 土壤铜含量100、200 mg/kg处理对水稻株高、主茎总叶数、伸长节间数和抽穗期几乎没有影响，土壤铜含量达到400 mg/kg及其以上时，随着土壤铜含量的增加，水稻株高显著变矮、主茎总叶数和伸长节间数显著变少、抽穗期显著推迟；(2) 土壤铜处理使水稻产量显著低于CK，且随着土壤铜含量的提高水稻产量下降幅度显著增大；(3) 土壤铜含量100、200 mg/kg处理使水稻减产是由于每穗颖花数减少所致，土壤铜含量400 mg/kg及其以上处理使水稻减产是由于穗数和每穗颖花数共同减少所致；(4) 土壤铜处理使穗数减少主要是由于返青活棵慢、分蘖发生迟、高峰苗少所致，每穗颖花数减少主要是由于抽穗期单茎干物质量小和单位干物质量形成的颖花数少所致；(5) 随着土壤铜含量的增加水稻生物产量显著下降，经济系数呈下降趋势，但只有土壤铜含量达到800 mg/kg及其以上时经济系数才显著下降。 相似文献
2.
施氮量对东北粳稻根系形态生理特征的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以东北粳稻牡丹江27和牡丹江31为试验材料,研究了不同氮肥水平对东北粳稻根系形态和生理特性的影响。结果表明,在同一生育时期,随着氮肥用量的增加,水稻根数、根长、根粗、根体积和根干质量等指标也有所提高,根系的总吸收面积均也有所增加。三种氮肥水平下地上部干质量均随生育进程急剧增加,两品种的根干质量在孕穗期和抽穗期达最大值,抽穗期后根冠比降低,而地上部干物质量增大,单株根系伤流强度都随着抽穗后时间的推移先升高后降低,两品种根系α 萘胺氧化力分别在抽穗期和乳熟期达最大值,且根系氧化力在各时期的变幅随施氮量的提高逐渐变小。水稻在孕穗期的根数、根长、根粗、根干质量和根冠比与产量之间的相关性达到显著水平,各生育期根系的总吸收面积和比表面积均与产量呈正相关,且在乳熟期时相关系数最大。 相似文献
3.
珍汕97/明恢63重组自交系群体根系性状对产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在群体水培条件下,以珍汕97/明恢63重组自交系群体的204个株系(F12,F13)为供试材料,研究重组自交系群体抽穗期根系有关性状与产量的关系,以期为水稻根系改良和根系数量性状基因定位提供依据.结果表明,影响产量的主要根系性状为单株根系活性、颖花根活量、每株根干重、最长不定根长、众数根长、每条不定根长及每条不定根粗,其中以单株根系活性对产量的影响最大;增加单株根系活性、每株根干重、最长不定根长和每条不定根粗能显著提高产量,增加颖花根活量、每条不定根长和众数根长将使产量显著下降.增加高产类型水稻抽穗期的每株根干重、每条不定根重、单位长度根重及单株根系活性能显著提高产量.每株根干重与高产水稻关系密切,而每株不定根数则与低产水稻关系密切.颖花根活量的增加对高产水稻株系的产量有提高作用,对中低产水稻则有负面影响. 相似文献
4.
水分管理对免耕抛秧水稻根系生长及产量的影响 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
研究了水分管理对免耕水稻根系生长和产量的影响。结果表明,干湿交替灌溉对根系的伸长、生长、生理及分布具有较大影响,水稻各生育期干湿交替灌溉处理水稻单株根干质量、单株生物量、根半径、根表面积、总根数、根系活力、超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著高于淹水淹灌。干湿交替灌溉处理实收产量显著高于淹水淹灌,增产主要因子是有效穗数、每穗粒数和结实率。灌浆盛期干湿交替灌溉处理单株生物量、根半径、根表面积、总根数、超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著高于湿润淹灌,水稻产量差异则不显著。 相似文献
5.
影响水稻遗传群体株系氮素高效吸收的主要根系性状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国水稻科学》2015,(4)
在群体水培条件下,采用遗传背景相似的染色体单片段代换系114个水稻株系为供试材料,依据成熟期单株吸氮量和单株籽粒产量两个性状进行聚类,将供试群体分为6种类型,并按单株吸氮量从低到高排序分为A、B、C、D、E和F类。结果表明:1)供试群体单株吸氮量差异较大,变幅为0.32g~0.91g,最大值是最小值的2.85倍。2)吸氮量和氮素籽粒生产效率均是影响产量的重要因素,但前者对产量的正向贡献度显著大于后者。3)随着吸氮量的增加,产量总体呈上升趋势。但吸氮量类型与产量类型并不完全吻合,高吸氮量仅是产量提高的重要基础,产量可能还受到其他因素的影响。4)不同类型间遗传群体株系活性性状(总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积和根系活力)差异较小,根系形态性状(根总长、根干质量、最长根长、众数根长)及冠根比差异显著,氮高吸高产型水稻单株不定根总长、单株根干质量、最长根长、众数根长、冠根比显著大于氮低吸低产型水稻。5)综合相关分析、主成分分析和通径分析的结果,影响染色体单片段代换系水稻遗传群体株系氮素高效吸收主要根系性状为单株根干质量、抽穗期冠根比、最长根长和单株不定根总长。通过遗传改良根系的形态性状可实现氮素吸收能力的显著提高。 相似文献
6.
【目的】研究滴灌条件下不同土壤质地对水稻苗期根系生长和分布的影响,揭示土壤质地对滴灌水稻苗期生长的重要作用,阐明滴灌水稻苗期生长发育机理。【方法】在石河子大学试验场采用盆栽土柱试验,设置重壤土、轻壤土、砂土共3个处理,每个处理重复3次,在播后10、20、30、40 d取样,对比不同处理出苗率、根系形态、生物量、根系活力、根系分布等指标,分析不同土壤条件对滴灌水稻苗期根系生长及分布的影响。【结果】砂土平均出苗率比重壤土、轻壤土分别高15.21和4.6个百分点;计算各项指标40 d平均值可知,重壤土处理根数比轻壤土、砂土处理分别高26.73%和15.67%;重壤土处理平均根长比轻壤土、砂土处理分别高4.52%和13.92%;重壤土处理根系体积比轻壤土、砂土处理分别高18.53%和43.15%;砂土处理最长根长比重壤土、轻壤土处理分别高38.44%和12.69%;重壤土处理总生物量比轻壤土、砂土处理分别高19.76%和41.48%。重壤土处理根系生物量比轻壤土、砂土处理分别高14.98%和35.83%。苗期根系活力表现为重壤土>轻壤土>砂土,重壤土处理40 d内平均根系活力比轻壤土、砂土处理分别高3.54%和13.91%;滴灌水稻苗期根系分布情况表现为前期水稻根系集中在0-5 cm土层中,后期根系开始逐渐分布于0-20 cm土层。【结论】不同的土壤质地对滴灌水稻出苗率、根系形态、生物量、根系活力和根系分布影响显著。因此,滴灌水稻的种植推广过程中,不同土壤质地应采取不同的播种量和相应的栽培措施,才能达到滴灌水稻的优质、高产和高效的目标。 相似文献
7.
水稻结实期根系活性与稻米垩白形成的相关性初步研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
以垩白不同的籼稻品种为材料，进行了田间试验和盆钵试验。结果表明,垩白不同的品种，其结实期根系活性存在显著差异。垩白米率、垩白度与结实期根系活性呈负相关。在根系活性指标中，库容根活量与垩白的关系最密切，而根系α 萘胺氧化力、颖花根活量与垩白的相关性较低。在抽穗期施用硝态氮肥，可以明显提高根系活性，减少垩白。抽穗期施用呼吸抑制剂叠氮化钠，导致多垩白品种GD9501的根系活性大幅度下降，垩白米率和垩白度大幅度提高；但少垩白品种青六矮表现相反。不同药剂处理下，垩白米率和垩白度分别与抽穗后10 d的根系活性呈显著（r=-0.8567*）和极显著(r=-0.9211**)负相关。 相似文献
8.
9.
【目的】阐明耐盐性不同水稻品种对盐胁迫的响应差异及其生理机制。【方法】耐盐水稻品种连鉴5号、盐稻16Z38和盐敏感水稻品种华粳5号、连粳17号生长于盆钵,盆栽土设置2个不同盐浓度处理：0 g/kg (对照);3 g/kg(盐胁迫)。【结果】与对照相比,在盐胁迫下两类品种均有不同程度的减产,耐盐品种减产的幅度明显小于盐敏感品种。耐盐水稻品种具有较高的产量主要在于较高的颖花量和结实率。与盐敏感品种相比,耐盐水稻品种在分蘖中期、拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆中期叶片中超氧化物歧化酶等抗氧化酶活性较高,拔节期和抽穗期具有较高根系脯氨酸含量、脯氨酸合成酶活性和较高的K+/Na+值,分蘖至拔节以及抽穗至成熟期具有较高的作物生长率,抽穗期具有较高的叶面积指数和叶片SPAD值,抽穗至灌浆中期具有较高的根系氧化力。【结论】在盐胁迫下耐盐水稻品种较高的总颖花量、较强的抗氧化和渗透调节能力、较高的根系氧化力和K+/Na+值是其获得较高产量的重要原因。在盐胁迫下叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性较强和根系氧化力较高可作为评定水稻品种耐盐性的重要... 相似文献
10.
11.
以甬优1540和春优927为试验材料,于2020年开展田间试验,研究了稻田增氧对水稻根系形态与生理特征的影响。结果表明,与CF处理（常淹灌溉）相比,OP处理（稻田增氧）可显著提高水稻产量7.6%~8.7%;同时改善了水稻根系形态与生理特征。主要表现为:提高了齐穗期与灌浆期水稻的根质量与根长密度、增加了根系吸收表面积与活跃吸收表面积;增强了灌浆期水稻的根系氧化力、根系伤流液强度,提高了根系伤流液中的玉米素与玉米素核苷含量。同时,OP处理还改善了地上部植株生理活性,提高了灌浆期水稻剑叶净光合速率以及籽粒中蔗糖合成酶与腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶活性。以上结果说明,稻田增氧可以改善水稻根系形态与生理特征,促进根-冠生长发育,进而提高水稻产量。 相似文献
12.
Xu Jia-kuan YANG Lian-xin WANG Zi-qiang DONG Gui-chun HUANG Jian-ye WANG Yu-long 《水稻科学》2005,12(2):125-132
Pot experiments were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to investigate the effects of soil copper（Cu） concentration on growth, development and yield formation of rice by using the japonica cultivar Wuxiangjing 14 and hybrid rice combination Shanyou 63. The plant height, leaf number, elongated internode number and heading date of rice plants were not affected at soil Cu levels below 200 mg/kg, but affected significantly at above 400 mg/kg. The inhibitory effects on rice growth and development were increased with the increment of soil Cu levels. The grain yields decreased significantly with raising soil Cu levels. The main reasons for the grain yield reductions under lower soil Cu levels （100, 200 mg/kg） were mainly due to the decrease of number of spikelets per panicle, however, under higher soil Cu levels （more than 400 mg/kg）, both panicle number and number of spikelets per panicle contributed to the yield loss. The decreases of panicle number by Cu stress were mainly attributed to slow recovery from transplanting, delayed tillering and reduced maximum tiller numbers. The reduction of number of spikelets per panicle under soil Cu stress resulted from the decreases of both shoot dry weight （SDW） at the heading date and the ratio of spikelets to SDW. Total biomass at maturity decreased significantly with the increase of soil Cu levels, while economic coefficient showed non-significant decrease except under soil Cu levels above 800 mg/kg. 相似文献
13.
淹涝胁迫对杂交中稻生长特性及产量形成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以近年审定的20个杂交中稻品种为材料,研究了分蘖期和抽穗期淹涝胁迫对杂交中稻的某些生理指标、生长发育、产量及干物质生产的影响。结果表明:(1)淹没胁迫对杂交中稻的生育期有显著影响。分蘖期受淹没胁迫,头季稻和再生稻的抽穗期分别平均延长了3.25 d和3.95 d,成熟期分别平均延长了1.85 d和2.75 d;而抽穗期受淹没胁迫,成熟期会提前,平均提前1.60 d,且品种间差异较大。(2)淹没胁迫对杂交中稻的产量有显著影响。与对照相比,分蘖期受淹没胁迫,分蘖期叶干重、有效穗数、每穗粒数降低,使其平均减产59.0%;齐穗期受淹没胁迫,每穗粒数和结实率显著降低,使其平均减产57.6%。(3)分蘖期受淹没48 h后,不宜割苗蓄留再生稻,应以加强田间管理保留头季稻为主,耐淹性较强的品种有川谷优6684、冈优169和乐优198;抽穗期受淹没48 h后,则以割苗蓄留再生稻较佳,其中冈优169、内5优317、蓉优22和川谷优6684的产量较高。(4)分蘖期和抽穗期耐淹组合间没有相关性,生产上应分别在各时期筛选相应耐淹能力较强的品种。 相似文献
14.
Morphological and physiological traits of roots and their relationships with shoot growth in “super” rice 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Success in “super” rice breeding has been considered a great progress in rice production in China. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that an improved root system may contribute to better shoot growth and consequently to higher grain yield in “super” rice. Two “super” rice varieties Liangyoupeijiu (an indica hybrid) and Huaidao 9 (a japonica inbred) and two elite check varieties Yangdao 6 (an indica inbred) and Yangfujiang 8 (a japonica inbred) were field-grown at Yangzhou, China in 2006 and 2007. Root and shoot dry weight (DW) was significantly greater in “super” rice varieties than in check ones throughout the growth season in both years, so was the root length density. Root oxidation activity (ROA) and root zeatin (Z) zeatin riboside (ZR) content, in per plant basis, were significantly greater in “super” rice than check varieties before and at heading time. However, both ROA and root Z + ZR content, either in per plant basis or per unit root DW basis, were significantly lower in ‘super’ rice than in check varieties at the mid- and late grain filling stages. Grain yield of the two ‘super’ rice varieties, on average, was 10.2 t ha−1 in 2006 and 11.4 t ha−1 in 2007, and was 13% and 21% higher than that of check varieties, respectively. The high grain yield was mainly due to a larger sink size (total number of spikelets) as a result of a larger panicle. The percentage of filled grains of the two “super” rice varieties, on average, was 72.9% in 2006 and 79.0% in 2007, and was 19.4% and 12.9%, respectively, lower than that of the check varieties. The mean ROA and root Z + ZR content during the grain filling period significantly correlated with the percentage of filled grains. Collectively, the data suggest that an improved root and shoot growth, as showing a larger root and shoot biomass and greater root length density during the whole growing season and higher ROA and root Z + ZR content per plant at early and mid-growth stages, contributes to the large sink size and high grain yield in the “super” rice varieties. The data also suggest the yield of “super” rice varieties can be further increased by an increase in filled grains through enhancing root activity during grain filling. 相似文献
15.
16.
垄畦栽培水稻的产量、品质效应及其生理生态基础 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
以杂交稻协优9308和粳稻丙98110为材料,初步研究了垄畦栽培水稻产量、品质效应及其生理生态基础。与常规栽培相比,垄畦栽培时日温差(尤其是5～10 cm土层)、5 cm深处土层的氧化还原电位大于常规栽培。垄畦栽培水稻的加工品质、外观品质好, 水稻分蘖发生快,叶面积指数大,干物质积累多,上层根量大;其株高、穗长、分蘖成穗率小于常规栽培水稻,单位面积穗数、结实率、千粒重则高于常规栽培水稻。垄畦栽培水稻的抽穗期和齐穗期的叶绿素含量和光合速率、灌浆后期叶片中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）的含量与常规栽培水稻无显著差异。垄畦栽培水稻的产量,协优9308显著高于常规栽培水稻,丙98110则无显著差异。 相似文献
17.
Integration of Growing Milk Vetch in Winter and Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Can Improve Rice Yield in Double-Rice Cropping System 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Chun-huo Zhou Zun-kang Zhao Xiao-hua Pan Shan Huang Xue-ming Tan Jian-fu Wu Qing-hua Shi 《水稻科学》2016,23(3):132
To study whether integrative fertilization [growing milk vetch in winter and reducing the dose of chemical nitrogen(N) fertilizer] can improve rice yield, and to reveal the underlying regulatory mechanisms for integrative fertilization, a three-year field trial including two treatments, milk vetch-rice-rice(MRR) and winter fallow-rice-rice(FRR), was conducted in 2010, 2011 and 2012.Our results demonstrated that the MRR treatment could significantly improve rice yield compared with the FRR treatment, especially when the application ratio of milk vetch and chemical fertilizer was 1:2.MRR treatment increased the effective panicle number and the spikelet number per panicle.In addition, a higher tillering number, leaf area index, photosynthetic-potential and photosynthetic-potential to grain ratio were observed in MRR treatment, which could provide enough dry matter for yield formation.Moreover, in MRR treatment, we discovered a higher transportation ratio and transformation ratio of dry matter in culm and leaves, and a stronger total sink capacity and spikelet-root bleeding intensity at the heading stage and 15 d after heading.Furthermore, the MRR treatment showed higher total N, phosphorus and potassium uptakes than FRR treatment, which was associated with the higher root dry weight in each soil layers.These results suggest that growing milk vetch in winter can improve rice yield under less chemical N fertilizer application, which is due to the improvement of soil nutrient status and the increased of rice root growth and development. 相似文献
18.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):369-372
AbstractThe yielding ability of a new rice cultivar Akisayaka was compared with that of a standard rice cultivar Yumehikari. The refined grain yield was 9% larger in Akisayaka than in Yumehikari since Akisayaka had more panicles and spikelets per unit area but had a similar percentage of ripened grain. Although the leaf area index (LAI) in Akisayaka was similar to that in Yumehikari, the leaf area of the flag leaf per unit area of Akisayaka was smaller than that of Yumehikari at the full heading stage. This indicates that Akisayaka had a larger number of smaller upper leaves than Yumehikari. The refined grain weight of Akisayaka was similar to that of Yumehikari at 30 days after heading. This implies that the plant type of Akisayaka is not so important for increasing dry matter production from early to middle ripening period although small upper leaves seems to suppress overluxuriant growth. Accordingly the most important factor for the high yield of Akisayaka was considered to exist in the late ripening stage. The refined grain weight of Akisayaka increased more rapidly than that of Yumehikari from 30 to 45 days after heading. In addition, the leaf chlorophyll content estimated with chlorophyll meter (SPAD) and top dry weight of Akisayaka exceeded those of Yumehikari at the late ripening stage. These results suggest that the large number of spikelets per unit area and the continuation of sink and source ability during the late ripening stage caused the high yielding ability of Akisayaka. 相似文献