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1.
Laboratory and clinical parameters of 149 dogs, exposed to Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum), and 19 control dogs were evaluated and compared retrospectively. The aim of our study was to determine statistically significant differences of selected parameters between groups of patients, divided according to the immunofluorescence (IFA) titres, in attempt to improve current diagnostic and treatment criteria. Exposure to A. phagocytophilum was confirmed by IFA and infection by PCR. Based on the results, the dogs were divided into 8 groups (6 groups of seropositive dogs according to the antibody titre, 1 group of PCR positive dogs, and a control group). Selected parameters were compared between groups. Thrombocytopenia was confirmed to be the most prominent haematological change in IFA and/or PCR positive dogs. There were no statistically significant differences in clinical and haematological observations between groups of different IFA titre but clear overall differences between each IFA and PCR positive groups compared to the control group. Our results showed the necessity of introducing additional diagnostic procedures in clinical practice, since antibody titre and haematological parameters are not sufficient to confirm the clinical relevance of exposure to A. phagocytophilum in a particular patient.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of bumetanide, quinapril and a low-sodium diet on clinical response tolerance and side-effects on dogs with moderate congestive heart failure. DESIGN: A prospective clinical study, using 32 client-owned dogs with naturally occurring disease. PROCEDURE: Thirty-two dogs diagnosed with congestive heart failure (International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council stage II) due to mitral valve disease were included. During 4 weeks, patients received 0.5 mg/kg quinapril (Ectren, Menarini), 0.1 mg/kg bumetanide (Fordiuran, Boehringer Ingelheim) and a low sodium diet (CNM-CV, Purina) was fed. All dogs were examined weekly and results were treated statistically. RESULTS: The treatment was safe, effective and well-tolerated and no major side-effects were observed. There were no significant changes in measured haematological and biochemical variables, including serum electrolyte concentrations and urinary fractional excretion of electrolytes. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the combined treatment with bumetanide, quinapril and low-sodium diet for controlling moderate CHF due to mitral insufficiency in dogs is simple, easy-to-administer and effective in controlling clinical signs and prompting improvement even after short-term treatment.  相似文献   

3.
Twenty-six parameters of clinical biochemical properties were determined in 72 clinically healthy German Shepherd dogs. The standard values were determined for total protein, protein spectrum, albuminoglobulin quotient, enzymic activities for AST, ALT, LD, LD-1, and ALP, for sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and chlorides, complete prameters of the acid-base balance of the blood, and the values of glucose, urea, lactic acid, and creatinin. For determining these standards, dogs were selected at the age of 6.5 months to 7 years. All the statistically processed results are obtained from a number of animals which would secure 95% reliability and accuracy of the results, which would allow for sufficient generalization. Differences concerning the influence of age were not demonstrated in any of the determined biochemical values. The results are regarded as representative standards which can be used for clinical and laboratory diagnostics and prognostics in veterinary cynology and for clinical physiology of the German Shepherd dog breed.  相似文献   

4.
Arterial blood-gas and pH, haematological and biochemical estimations were carried out on 8 dogs infested with Ixodes holocyclus and 2 uninfested controls. The arterial blood-gas and pH measurements did not change significantly until the dogs were recumbent and unable to lift their heads. When affected dogs became moribund, moderate hypoxaemia with acute ventilatory failure was present. The significant haematological and biochemical abnormalities were difficult to interpret individually, but taken together could reflect sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal cortex or medulla.  相似文献   

5.
Longitudinal studies evaluating the evolution of clinical, haematological, biochemical findings in young dogs exposed for the first time to multiple vector-borne pathogens have not been reported. With the objective of assessing the evolution of clinical, haematological and biochemical findings, these parameters were serially monitored in naturally infected dogs throughout a 1-year follow-up period. Young dogs, infected by vector-borne pathogens based on cytology or polymerase chain reaction, were examined clinically and blood samples were obtained at seven different follow-up time points. Dogs were randomized to group A (17 dogs treated with a spot-on formulation of imidacloprid 10% and permethrin 50%) or to group B (17 dogs untreated). In addition, 10 4-month-old beagles were enrolled in each group and used as sentinel dogs. At baseline, Anaplasma platys was the most frequently detected pathogen, followed by Babesia vogeli, Bartonella spp., Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis. Co-infections with A. platys and B. vogeli, followed by E. canis and B. vogeli, A. platys and H. canis and A. platys and Bartonella spp. were also diagnosed. In dogs from group B, abnormal clinical signs were recorded at different time points throughout the study. No abnormal clinical signs were recorded in group A dogs. Thrombocytopenia was the most frequent haematological alteration recorded in A. platys-infected dogs, B. vogeli-infected dogs and in dogs co-infected with A. platys and B. vogeli or A. platys and Bartonella spp. Lymphocytosis was frequently detected among dogs infected with B. vogeli or co-infected with A. platys and B. vogeli. Beagles were often infected with a single pathogen rather than with multiple canine vector-borne pathogens. There was a significant association (p<0.01) between tick infestation and A. platys or B. vogeli, as single infections, and A. platys and B. vogeli or A. platys and Bartonella spp. co-infections. This study emphasizes the clinical difficulties associated with assigning a specific clinical sign or haematological abnormality to a particular canine vector-borne disease.  相似文献   

6.
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a common metabolic disease often complicated by a number of pathological conditions among which are haematological changes and alterations in blood cell function. Human and feline diabetes mellitus patients have been reported to be associated with oxidative stress that can lead to membrane alterations and to reduced erythrocyte life-span. Erythrocyte function in dogs affected by IDDM has been investigated during insulin therapy, paying attention to antioxidant status, membrane resistance, enzyme activities and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3DPG) concentration. Thirteen diabetic and 36 healthy dogs were bled and haematology and blood chemistry assays were performed to evaluate the degree of compensation. Osmotic fragility, the activities of the enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and pyruvate-kinase (PK) and the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and 2,3DPG were evaluated in the erythrocytes. Diabetic dogs did not differ from controls in terms of haematological parameters, except for higher numbers of platelets. Higher values of fructosamine, glucose, protein, plasma potassium and calculated osmolality were detected in the plasma from diabetic dogs. No differences were detected in osmotic fragility, GSH concentration and PK activity between the two groups but 2,3DPG concentration and G6PD activity were statistically significantly higher in the diabetic group. The results indicate minimal alterations in erythrocyte functions occur in insulin-treated diabetic dogs. This contrasts with what has been reported for IDDM humans and cats.  相似文献   

7.
OBJECTIVES: To determine if routine haematological and biochemical screening is of benefit in dogs requiring anaesthesia and to establish the most useful tests for pre-anaesthetic risk assessment. ANIMALS: One thousand five hundred and thirty-seven client-owned dogs undergoing surgery at the University of Leipzig between January 2003 and April 2004. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After obtaining a standardized history and a physical examination, all dogs requiring anaesthesia were assigned to an ASA physical status group, their needs for pre-anaesthetic therapy determined and an anaesthetic protocol proposed. Haematological (haematocrit, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, platelet count and haemoglobin concentration) and serum biochemistry tests (plasma urea, creatinine, glucose, total protein, sodium and potassium concentration; serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lipase activity) were then performed in all animals. The results of these were then used to: 1) re-define each dog's ASA physical status; 2) determine any altered requirement for pre-anaesthetic therapy; 3) re-determine the suitability of the dog to undergo surgery; and 4) re-examine the suitability of the original proposed anaesthetic protocol. RESULTS: The history and clinical examination in 1293 out of 1537 dogs (84.1%) revealed that haematological and biochemical tests would have been considered unnecessary under normal conditions. Of these, 63.9% were categorized as ASA 1, 28.5% as ASA 2, and 7.6% at higher risk. In some dogs, screening tests showed abnormal results: 16.7% of 1293 dogs had abnormal plasma urea levels, with 5.9% of values above the reference range. However, only 104 dogs (8%) would have been re-categorized at a higher physical status category had the laboratory results been available. Additional screening data indicated that surgery would have been postponed in 10 dogs (0.8%) additional pre-anaesthetic therapy would have been provided in 19 animals (1.5%) and the anaesthetic protocol altered in two dogs (0.2%). CONCLUSION: The changes revealed by pre-operative screening were usually of little clinical relevance and did not prompt major changes to the anaesthetic technique. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In dogs, pre-anaesthetic laboratory examination is unlikely to yield additional important information if no potential problems are identified in the history and on physical examination.  相似文献   

8.
To evaluate the possible use of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) in haemorrhagic disorders consequent to canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), three dogs infected by Ehrlichia canis, with a history of thrombocytopenia and recent bleeding, were studied. The dogs were administered desmopressin (1 μg/kg b.w. s.c.) every 24 h on three occasions. Blood samples were collected immediately before, and after 2 and 48 h the first DDAVP administration, to assess haematological, clinical chemistry and clotting time parameters. Spontaneous bleeding stopped within 1 h after the first DDAVP injection. Buccal mucosa bleeding time (BMBT) was shortened from 9.6 to 2.3 min within 2 h after the treatment. A statistically significant increase in platelet PLT count and fibrinogen, and a statistically significant decrease of PT and aPTT were observed after DDAVP administration. The haemorrhagic disorders caused by CME appear to be quickly corrected by DDAVP administration, giving the clinician the time necessary to administer appropriate chemotherapy.  相似文献   

9.
To investigate the influence of food enriched with acetic acid on the clinical, biochemical, electrolyte, blood gas, haematological and urinary variables in the dog, a cross-over study was carried out with periods of approximately 2 weeks involving six healthy, adult dogs. Another objective was to determine the maximum concentration of acetic acid that the dogs found to be palatable. The dogs were maintained on a commercial meat-based food with added acetic acid and/or glucose. The administered acetic acid was increased in stages. All dogs accepted the diet containing acetic acid at a level of 5% of metabolizable energy. Except for a decrease in plasma total protein, none of the variables were significantly affected by acetic acid consumption. Acetic acid feeding did not affect plasma acetate concentration and urinary acetate excretion, indicating that dogs efficiently metabolize ingested acetic acid.  相似文献   

10.
Blood was collected from 111 clinically healthy dogs of sight hound breeds for haematological and clinical chemical analyses. The distributions according to age, breed and sex are tabulated. Reference values for haemoglobin were established as 172-240 g/l for adults and 136-217 g/l for growing dogs; the respective packed cell volume values were 50-69% and 41-64%. Ten serum parameters were determined: AP, ALAT, ASAT, GT, CK, urea, cholesterol, creatinine, total protein and albumin. The results are given as means +/- S.D., and a reference value for serum creatinine was established as less than or equal to 165 mumol/l for adults.  相似文献   

11.
Official guidelines do not consider bone marrow (BM) assessment mandatory in staging canine lymphoma unless blood cytopenias are present. The aim of this study was to find out if blood abnormalities can predict marrow involvement in canine large B‐cell lymphoma. BM infiltration was assessed via flow cytometry. No difference was found between dogs without haematological abnormalities and dogs with at least one. However, the degree of infiltration was significantly higher in dogs with thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis or lymphocytosis and was negatively correlated to platelet count and positively to blood infiltration. Our results suggest that blood abnormalities are not always predictive of marrow involvement, even if thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis or lymphocytosis could suggest a higher infiltration. BM evaluation should therefore be included in routine staging in order not to miss infiltrated samples and to improve classification. However, its clinical relevance and prognostic value are still not defined and further studies are needed.  相似文献   

12.
In the present study, the effects of cefquinome, a 4th generation cephalosporin, on clinical, biochemical, haematological, and blood gas variables were investigated. Five healthy dogs were injected with cefquinome (1 mg/kg body weight, IM, daily) for 14 days. Negative effects of cefquinome on clinical, biochemical, and haematological variables were not observed, but it did change some blood gas variables.  相似文献   

13.
Clinical, haematological and immunological data are presented from 14 dogs with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) serially monitored for up to 945 days after initial presentation. At the time of diagnosis, all dogs had severe anaemia (mean packed cell volume [PCV] 17.6±7.1 per cent) with leucocytosis in seven cases and thrombocytopenia in four dogs. The Coombs' test was positive in all cases. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibody alone was identified in eight cases, a combination of IgG and IgM autoantibodies was recognised in three cases, and in two dogs only IgM autoantibody was recorded (complement fixing in one of these dogs). All dogs were treated with immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids and some animals also received cyclophosphamide (four cases), azathio-prine (two cases), blood transfusion (four cases) or underwent splenectomy (two cases). Two dogs died during the initial episode of AIHA. In 12 dogs, the anaemia was resolved by an average of 36.3 ±16.0 days after initial presentation, but autoantibody titre often persisted after clinical improvement and normalisation of PCV. Four dogs had a clinical relapse 67 to 170 days after initial presentation and one of these dogs subsequently died from thromboembolic disease. One dog developed lymphocytic thyroiditis and serum antinuclear antibody at day 691 after initial presentation, and two cases developed disease consistent with autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP) at 365 and 618 days post initial presentation. In one of these dogs, AITP was concurrent with multicentric lymphoma. No correlation was recorded between haematological and immunological parameters at presentation and subsequent response to therapy or long-term clinical behaviour.  相似文献   

14.
The clinical, haematological and immunological findings in 24 dogs with Coombs' positive haemolytic anaemia are described; 33% were Old English Sheepdogs. Dogs with intravascular haemolysis had a shorter history of illnesses, more severe clinical signs including vomiting, jaundice and fever, and had a poor survival rate compared to dogs with extravascular haemolysis. The anaemia was severe and regenerative in 18 dogs, and was characterised by spherocytosis and microscopic red cell agglutination, with leukocytosis. Serum IgG levels were elevated in 20 dogs, and changes in IgM, IgA, C3 and C4 were found. Antinuclear antibody was also demonstrated in 13 dogs, of which 7 were Old English Sheepdogs. It is suggested that a distinct multisystem autoimmune syndrome exists within the local Old English Sheepdog population.  相似文献   

15.
Oestriol, a naturally occurring short-acting oestrogen, was used to treat acquired urinary incontinence in 129 bitches selected by 48 veterinary practitioners in the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Germany. The dogs were treated daily for 42 days with oestriol tablets, using a self-controlled study design. The dogs were examined and blood sampled at the beginning and end of the trial. According to the veterinary practitioners 83 per cent of the dogs either became continent or improved, but the others showed no change or became worse. The owners reported similar results: 82 per cent of the dogs responded to treatment and the others did not. The dose and treatment schedule for each dog were established on the basis of clinical efficacy. Mild and transient oestrogenic effects such as swelling of the vulva and attractiveness to male dogs were observed soon after the treatment began and at the higher dose schedule used in 12 of the dogs. A haematological examination of 114 of the dogs revealed no abnormalities.  相似文献   

16.
Puppies from two litters of dogs were found to have severe polyuria and polydipsia. Four of the dogs were investigated by means of clinical examination, haematological and biochemical analysis, and urinalysis. A modified water deprivation response test was also performed in two of the dogs. Renal changes on postmortem examination in three of the dogs were found to be consistent with renal dysplasia. A possible explanation for the finding of hyposthenuria and the extreme polyuria and polydipsia in association with renal dysplasia may be lack of response to antidiuretic hormone owing to anomalous maturation of the renal tubules. Six other puppies from the two litters of dogs did not show any clinical signs of polyuria and polydipsia, although postmortem examination in one of them also revealed renal dysplasia. The clinical features of renal dysplasia may therefore vary greatly between individuals.  相似文献   

17.
In this randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded field trial, 62 dogs (of which four were excluded) taken to a veterinary practice for orthopaedic surgery with a postoperative painful component were enrolled to assess the efficacy of a preoperative intramuscular injection of tolfenamic acid (TA) at a dose of 4 mg/kg in preventing postoperative pain. The animals were clinically examined at T1 + 1H, T1 + 4H, T1 + 24H (T1 = extubation). The efficacy results showed a statistical effect of TA in preventing postoperative pain with the evolution in the pain statistically in favour of TA treatment (Visual Analogue Scale). This was confirmed by the sum of the scores calculated at T1 + 24H that was statistically higher in the placebo group, and by the evolution in the respiratory rate, which was statistically lower in the TA-treated animals after surgery. TA treatment was very well tolerated as no clinical sign (except one isolated case of vomiting and diarrhoea, i.e. 3.5%) or change in biochemical and haematological values was observed and as no interaction with the anaesthetic drugs and with marbofloxacin was reported.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of the present study was to validate the use of blood collected from an indwelling arterial catheter for analysis of haematological, coagulation and inflammatory parameters in canines compared to venous blood collected directly from the jugular vein. Blood samples were collected from 11 dogs. Agreement between sampling methods was found for neutrophil and monocyte counts, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin, protein C, factor VIII and C-reactive protein, whereas a statistically significant difference was found for white blood cells, lymphocyte, erythrocyte and platelet counts, haemoglobin, haematocrit, fibrinogen and thrombin time (TT). In conclusion, it is necessary to be aware that results from a complete blood count obtained from canine venous and arterial blood samples may not be comparable. Values for haemostatic parameters from arterial and venous blood samples, with the exception of fibrinogen and TT, were however statistically identical.  相似文献   

19.
Objectives : The assessment of serum cardiac troponin I concentrations in dogs with a range of nonprimary cardiac illnesses has revealed that cardiac myocyte damage is commonplace in many canine diseases. Whilst it is well established that dogs with fatal immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia frequently have cardiac pathology based on post‐mortem examinations, there is limited information on the incidence of cardiac myocyte damage in this population of dogs. Methods : Serum cardiac troponin I concentrations were measured in 11 healthy dogs, 27 dogs with primary haemolytic anaemia and 49 hospitalised dogs without primary cardiac or haematological disorders. Results : Dogs with primary haemolytic anaemia have higher serum concentrations of cardiac troponin I than hospitalised ill dogs (P<0.005) and healthy dogs (P<0.01). Using a cut‐off of less than 0.1 ng/mL, 20 of 27 dogs with primary haemolytic anaemia had increased serum cardiac troponin I concentrations, which was a significantly higher proportion compared to the hospitalised ill dogs (P<0.001, 16 out of 49 dogs) and healthy dogs (P<0.05, 3 out of 11 dogs). Clinical Significance : Dogs with primary haemolytic anaemia have a higher incidence of subclinical myocyte damage than healthy dogs or dogs with non‐haematological or primary cardiac illnesses. The prognostic significance of increased serum cardiac troponin I concentrations in dogs with primary haemolytic anaemia merits further investigation.  相似文献   

20.
Vinblastine toxicity is poorly documented in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the haematological alterations in dogs treated with vinblastine and prednisolone. Fourteen dogs with mast cell tumours (MCT) were selected on at least one of the following criteria: lymph node infiltration, surgical margin infiltration, grade II MCTs with Ki-67 >10%, and grade III MCTs. Starting 15 days after surgery, the dogs were given vinblastine (2 mg/m2 i.v. four times weekly, then twice monthly for 2 months) and prednisolone (2 mg/kg/day p.o.). An EDTA blood sample was collected weekly for complete blood count (CBC). A total of 98 doses of vinblastine were given to the 14 dogs and 114 CBC were performed. Abnormal haematological findings were observed in 12 CBCs from five dogs, which represent a prevalence of 20% of the total CBCs performed in these animals. The most prevalent abnormal finding was thrombopenia (9/12) most often with grade I toxicity (6/9). In conclusion, the risk of occurrence of adverse haematological effects resulting from vinblastine-prednisolone treatment seems limited in dogs with MCT and it should not be overestimated.  相似文献   

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