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1.
春小麦源库特性及其关系的研究（Ⅰ）——群体源的形成及其特性分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
为了了解春小麦群体源的形成与特性以及群体源在产量形成中的作用,通过试验对不同密度和施肥处理下两个品种的叶片性状变化进行了研究。结果表明,在不同处理下春小麦群体叶面积指数争光合劳均呈单峰由线变化,两个品种间在不同生育阶段的叶面积指数争光合势有差异。随着生育进程的推进,两品种的光合劳与产量相关性增强。在开花期争乳熟期,干物质积累与叶面积指数(LAI)争光合势(LAD)呈显著或极显著正相关,比叶重、叶绿素含量争群体光合速率等叶片性状与群体干物质生产密切相关。因此,在合理的栽培技术措施下,采取适宝的密度与合理的配方施肥技术,建立合理的群体叶面积,将最大叶面积指数控制在适宜的范围内,尽可能长时同地保持绿叶面积,增强叶片光合能力,提高群体生长速率,是扩大干物质(源)生产的主要途径。 相似文献
2.
为了解小麦群体结构特征与氮利用效率的相关性,以江苏省推介使用的6个半冬性小麦品种和9个春性小麦品种为材料,研究两类型小麦间群体特征及氮利用效率的差异。结果表明,在施氮量相同时,半冬性小麦群体植株平均干物质积累量、叶面积指数在生育前期低于春性小麦,生育后期高于春性小麦,茎蘖数在全生育期均高于春性小麦,平均花后干物质积累量、总结实粒数、粒叶比均高于春性小麦。同一类型小麦中不同品种间群体干物质积累量、总结实粒数也存在显著差异;同一类型小麦各品种花后干物质积累量、茎蘖成穗率、总结实粒数、粒叶比与产量均呈显著或极显著线性正相关,叶面积指数下降速率与产量呈线性负相关。半冬性和春性小麦花后干物质积累量、总结实粒数与氮肥生产效率(NGPE)呈显著或极显著正相关;春性小麦的粒叶比与NGPE呈显著或极显著正相关,叶面积指数下降速率与NGPE呈显著或极显著负相关,茎蘖成穗率与氮肥吸收效率(NUEa)呈显著或极显著正相关;半冬性小麦粒叶比与氮肥农学效率(NAE)呈显著正相关。花后干物质积累量、总结实粒数是两种类型小麦群体NGPE的共性调控特征表现,粒叶比可作为春性小麦NGPE、半冬性小麦NAE差异的评价指标,茎蘖成穗率可作为春性小麦NUEa的调控指标。 相似文献
3.
试验以沈农黑豆3号和辽黑1号为试验材料,研究了黑豆在不同施肥水平下的干物质积累动态及叶面积指数与产量的关系。结果表明：各品种在施肥水平下的干物质、叶面积指数及产量均高出对照,叶面积指数与产量的相关性在始花期达显著水平,在结荚期达到极显著水平;干物质与产量的显著相关性出现在结荚期。始花期至结荚期黑豆保持着较高的叶面积指数可以增加相应的干物质积累量、荚数、粒数,选用优良品种辅以高产栽培措施,可以获得较高的产量。 相似文献
4.
水稻不同时期群体指标与产量的关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国稻米》2015,(6)
以牡丹江32及牡响1号为材料,研究了在不同肥料、栽插密度和插秧株数条件下,水稻群体指标中叶面积指数、茎鞘干物质量、总干物质量在不同时期的表现,及对水稻产量性状的影响。结果表明,从不同时期叶面积指数与产量所呈的抛物线关系推断,水稻在灌浆期最适叶面积指数最小,较易达到,此时期叶面积指数过大反而会使产量降低,成熟期最适叶面积指数虽较小但因叶片衰老,亦难以达到;在产量性状中,叶面积指数与有效穗数极显著正相关,而对每穗实粒数、千粒重有一定的降低作用,是产量不随叶面积指数无限增大的原因;茎鞘干物质量、总干物质量与产量、有效穗数极显著正相关,不同时期相关性不同;研究还发现,在整个生育期叶面积指数、茎鞘干物质量、总干物质量之间极显著正相关,干物质量与叶面积指数之间的相关性在成熟期最小,总干物质量与茎鞘干物质量的相关性在灌浆期最小。不同时期叶面积指数、茎鞘干物质量、总干物质量变异系数差异较大,说明应分时期确定叶面积指数、茎鞘干物质量、总干物质量与产量的关系;在水稻群体的变化过程中千粒重变异最小,每穗粒数次之,二者是较稳定的性状,产量与有效穗数的变异较大。 相似文献
5.
不同产量潜力玉米品种群体生理参数研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以紧凑型高产潜力玉米品种先玉335、郑单958和普通平展型玉米品种豫玉22、农大518为试验材料,对其群体叶面积指数、光合势、净同化率、干物质积累量及产量在全生育时期内的动态进行分析。结果表明,两个高产潜力玉米品种的群体叶面积指数、光合势和干物质积累总量均高于平展型玉米品种;群体光合生产率在不同生育时期表现不同,生育前期豫玉22和农大518的净同化率高于先玉335和郑单958,出苗90d后呈现相反趋势;产量与吐丝后干物质积累量呈现显著正相关,与各群体生理参数并非全部呈现显著差异。作物产量的形成过程是数量性状和质量性状的综合作用结果,最佳产量水平群体不是某项生理指标的突出表现,而是决定于各项生理指标的适度。 相似文献
6.
两个杂交粳稻组合超高产生长特性的研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
: 将两个杂交粳稻组合（陵香优18和常优1号）于大田条件下种植,对超高产（产量＞12.0 t/hm2）田块的水稻物质生产和产量形成生长特性进行了分析。结果表明,与高产栽培（CK, 10.5～11.0 t/hm2）水稻相比,超高产栽培水稻穗数、每穗粒数显著高于CK,结实率和千粒重略高于CK,但差异不显著;超高产栽培水稻二次枝梗数、二次枝梗总粒数显著高于CK;有效分蘖临界叶龄期之前,超高产栽培条件下水稻生长比CK快,在有效分蘖临界叶龄期茎蘖数达到预期的穗数,叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累和群体生长率较CK大;有效分蘖临界叶龄期至拔节期,超高产栽培条件下水稻生长平稳,无效分蘖发生少,高峰苗低,叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累和群体生长率较CK小;拔节以后,超高产栽培条件下水稻茎蘖数下降平缓,成穗率高,叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累和群体生长率较CK高,尤其是抽穗以后,超高产栽培条件下水稻具有明显的生长优势,叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累和群体生长率均极显著高于CK。 相似文献
7.
超级杂交中籼水稻物质生产特性分析 总被引：42，自引：0，他引：42
以具代表性的5个籼型超级稻为材料, 用汕优63作对照, 比较研究了超级中籼杂交稻物质生产与分配的特性。 超级稻具有显著的物质生产与积累优势, 产量随成熟期物质积累量的增加而提高。 超级稻的物质生产优势集中在中期和后期, 产量与拔节前的干物质积累量相关不显著, 与拔节至抽穗期的积累量呈显著正相关, 与抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量呈极显著正相关; 超级稻抽穗期营养器官贮存了较多的结构物质但干物质表观输出量均低于对照, 平均少148.5 kg/hm2, 表观输出率也低, 平均低2.5个百分点。 超级稻的叶面积及光合势的显著提高促进了群体生产率的提高, 大田期平均群体生产率比对照高4542 (m2·d)/hm2。 相似文献
8.
不同播期下油菜叶面积指数及干物质积累与产量的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《作物研究》2016,(1)
以早熟品种1358、中熟品种中双11号和晚熟品种浙双8号为材料,在长沙地区进行分期播种试验,研究油菜不同播期条件下的叶面积指数及干物质积累与产量的关系。结果表明:早熟品种1358叶面积指数及干物质量与产量的关系不显著;中熟品种中双11号在蕾薹期干物质量与产量的相关性达到显著水平;晚熟品种浙双8号在各生育时期的叶面积指数和干物质量与产量均呈正相关,且多数达到显著水平。 相似文献
9.
10.
不同品种茶树叶片功能性状及光合特性的比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以18个茶树品种(系)为研究对象,测量了茶树叶片的叶面积、叶形指数、比叶面积、干物质含量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b及其比值、叶绿素总量、类胡萝卜素及光合特性,并分析了叶片功能性状和光合特性之间的相关性。结果表明,茶树叶片叶形指数、干物质含量、气孔导度的变异系数低于10%,其余11项指标的变异系数为15.08%~43.22%,表现出较高的多样性水平;比叶面积与干物质含量之间存在显著负相关,叶形指数和叶面积与其他叶片功能指标均无显著相关;干物质含量与光合色素之间存在显著相关,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a/叶绿素b、叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素两两之间存在极显著相关性;净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率两两之间存在极显著正相关,且气孔导度与胞间CO_2浓度呈显著正相关,茶叶光合速率主要受气孔限制的影响;净光合速率与干物质含量之间存在显著正相关,净光合速率、蒸腾速率与光合色素含量之间存在显著或极显著正相关,说明光合色素含量高的品种具有更强的光合能力和干物质积累能力;气孔导度、水分利用效率与叶片功能性状之间相关性不显著。14号茶树品种比叶面积相对较低,同时具有较高的干物质含量、净光合速率和水分利用效率,属于抗旱性较强、光合速率和水分利用效率高的品种,可作为抗旱性强、高光效的茶树品种进一步选育和应用。 相似文献
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12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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15.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献