共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Previous studies have shown that the administration of melatonin (MT) to early post-natal fur-bearing animals increases the numbers of hair follicles (HFs). In this study, the effect of maternal MT supplementation on the HF development in offspring was investigated. To explore the potential underlying mechanisms, the expression of the melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene was determined in the offspring. The Rex rabbit was the animal model, and 79 same-day-pregnancy females were randomly assigned to either a control (n = 39) or MT treatment (n = 40) group, and 10 mg MT microcapsules was implanted at the base of the neck of rabbits in the treatment group. Skin, lung, liver, muscle, kidney, heart and duodenum samples were collected from the newborn rabbits. The results showed that MT improved fur quality in the offspring rabbits by reducing the diameter of primary and secondary HFs, and increasing the HF population. MT did not affect the reproductive performance of female rabbits, and it did affect the blood levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin and MT. In the offspring rabbits, MT significantly stimulated MTNR1A gene expression in the skin and heart (p < .01), whereas MTNR1A gene expression was significantly suppressed in the liver and kidney (p < .05). These results revealed that maternal MT supplementation increased HF density, reduced hairiness and improved the fur quality in Rex rabbit offspring. Maternal MT supply may modulate the responses of HFs in the offspring by upregulating the expression of MTNR1A in the skin. In this study, implantation of low-dose MT did not affect the reproductive performance of female rabbits or on the growth of their offspring. 相似文献
2.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中谷氨酰胺添加水平对断奶至3月龄獭兔毛皮品质和肠道屏障的影响。选用体重相近的断奶獭兔180只,随机分为5组,每组36个重复,每个重复1只兔。各组分别饲喂谷氨酰胺添加水平为0(对照)、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%和1.2%的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期56 d。结果表明:饲粮中谷氨酰胺添加水平对生长獭兔毛皮面积、毛皮重量、被毛长度和被毛厚度无显著影响(P0.05)。饲粮中谷氨酰胺添加水平对生长獭兔十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值有显著影响(P0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.9%谷氨酰胺显著升高了空肠中闭合小环蛋白mRNA的表达量(P0.05),显著降低了空肠中丙酮酸激酶mRNA的表达量(P0.05);此外,饲粮中添加0.9%谷氨酰胺显著增加了十二指肠黏膜中分泌性免疫球蛋白A含量(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中谷氨酰胺添加水平没有影响到生长獭兔的毛皮品质,但改善了肠道机械屏障和免疫屏障功能。在本试验条件下,断奶至3月龄獭兔饲粮中谷氨酰胺适宜的添加水平为0.9%。 相似文献
3.
该文主要针对2018年国内外家兔传统育种、分子育种和繁殖技术3个方面的研究进展展开综述，其中传统育种方面主要研究了选择效应及性状评定、遗传与环境互作和种质性能测定；分子育种方面主要涉及生长、肉质、皮毛、繁殖等性状相关基因的研究；而家兔繁殖技术方面主要包括精液冷冻研究及添加物和环境对家兔繁殖的影响。2018年国内在家兔传统育种和分子育种方面研究较多，传统育种主要对一些地方品种种质性能进行了测定和比较；分子育种主要集中于肉质、皮毛和繁殖性状的研究，并获得了新的相关分子标记和基因；但家兔繁殖技术方面研究相对较少。而国外传统育种主要研究了选择与性状评定和遗传与环境互作；分子育种主要集中在筛选生长与肉质及繁殖性状分子标记的研究方面，但在皮毛性状方面的研究相对欠缺，且国外分子育种主要是使用传统的研究方法筛选分子标记或研究性状相关基因的功能，而国内多采用高通量测序技术筛选对研究性状具有重要调控功能的基因及调控网络。作者对2018年国内外家兔育种研究进行了综述，以期为今后家兔育种提供参考。 相似文献
4.
为研究乡土草日粮对商品獭兔后期生产性能、毛密度及血液生化指标的影响,本研究选用健康无病、精神状态良好的110日龄试验兔30只,公母各半,按性别随机分为3组,每组10只。试验Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;试验Ⅱ组饲喂15%当地乡土草草粉+85%基础日粮;试验Ⅲ组饲喂30%当地乡土草草粉+70%基础日粮。预试期7d,正试期30d。结果表明,试验组提高了獭兔末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量以及体况评分,降低了料重比;与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量及体况评分分别提高了9.78%、57.9%、4.02%及7.38%(P0.05),而料重比降低了9.4%(P0.05)。试验组提高了獭兔各部位被毛密度,试验Ⅲ组效果最好,与对照组相比,獭兔背部、腰部、左肩部和右肩部毛密度分别提高了20.7%、38.6%、33.7%和47.3%(P0.05),而臀部毛密度提高了12.9%(P0.05)。试验组提高了獭兔总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、白球比、免疫球蛋白G含量,与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组总蛋白提高了15%,白蛋白提高了13%(P0.05);球蛋白提高8.6%,白球比提高了23.5%,免疫球蛋白G提高了30%(P0.05)。综上所述,30%乡土草草粉替代基础日粮提高了獭兔生产性能。 相似文献
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用日本大耳白母兔与加利福尼亚公獭兔杂交,其杂种一代母兔再与加利福尼亚公獭兔回交,共繁殖回交一代71只,其中绒毛型兔占42.25％,粗毛型兔占57.75％。将粗毛型兔淘汰,自绒毛型兔中选出理想型公母兔作为基础繁殖群进行横交固定,形成新的獭兔品系VC-I系。VC-I系獭兔(基础群)生长速度及繁殖性能均较纯种獭兔有所提高,毛品质亦保持了纯种獭兔水平。 相似文献
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Eva Voslarova Vladimir Vecerek Iveta Bedanova Lenka Vecerkova 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(6):931-936
During transport rabbits may be exposed to various stressors which can compromise both their welfare and meat quality. Mortality related to the commercial transport of rabbits for slaughter was analyzed in the Czech Republic in the period from 2009 to 2016. The overall transport‐related mortality of rabbits was 0.19%. Transport distance was found to have an impact on rabbit mortality; significantly (p < .001) greater losses were found in rabbits transported over longer distances. Mortality rates ranged from 0.02% in rabbits transported over distances of less than 50 km to 0.29% in rabbits transported over distances exceeding 400 km. A significantly (p < .001) increased risk was also associated with shipments in which 500 and more rabbits were delivered per batch. No effect of season was found. Our results show that rabbits can be transported within a wide range of temperatures (from ?5 to 19.9°C) with no negative impact on mortality in transit. However, journeys carried out at temperatures below ?5°C and above 20°C were associated with increased death losses (0.17% and 0.15%, respectively). 相似文献
7.
《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2007,16(1):38-44
The domestic rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, is descended from the European rabbit, which lives in large social groups and digs extensive warrens. Behavior problems include urine spraying, failure to use the litter box, fear of humans and human-directed aggression, intraspecies aggression, destructive digging and chewing, and infanticide. These problems are best prevented and treated by understanding their origin in both species-specific behavior and learning. Urine spraying is primarily a problem of intact males. Litter box use results from both rabbits’ species-specific tendency to use particular sites for elimination and from training. Rabbits may become fearful of humans because of painful or frightening experiences with them. Rabbits will become comfortable with humans if they have numerous positive interactions with them. Fearful or aggressive rabbits may be treated by repeatedly exposing them to pleasant associations with humans. Rabbits are territorial and may aggressively reject new rabbits that are not members of the group. Introduction of a new rabbit must be gradual, allowing rabbits to become familiar with each other and preventing them from fighting. Digging and chewing are natural, species-specific behaviors. Giving rabbits acceptable objects to chew prevents them from destroying household items. Infanticide originates, in part, from intense competition between wild females for safe nesting sites. Housing birthing does separately may prevent infanticide. 相似文献
8.
I. Varga 《Veterinary parasitology》1982,11(1):69-84
Broiler rabbit production has become an important branch of animal protein and fur production, not only in the traditionally rabbit breeding and consuming countries, but recently in many other countries of the world.The profitability of the rabbit industry is dependent primarily on the good feed conversion. Aspects of this include factors such as morbidity and mortality of infections, adequate knowledge and fulfilment of both accommodation and nutritional requirements, appropriate breeding systems, etc.There is much controversy about the role coccidia in the losses of intensified rabbit breeding enterprises. There is no doubt about the significance of Eimeria stiedai which may cause condemnation of large amounts of large amounts of liver as a result of infection in rabbit colonies of small holders. However, this parasite is rare in large scale rabbit farms. In the latter, intestinal coccidiosis is most frequently — although not invariably — incriminated either as a primary or more often as a predisposing factor of intestinal enteropathies causing severe mortality, mainly in the early post-weaning period.The ability to isolate and maintain species of Eimeria in specifc pathogen-free (SPF) rabbits has made it possible to characterize them, such as the most pathogenic E. intestinalis and E. flavescens: the pathogenic E. magna, E. irresidua and E. piriformis; and the least pathogenic E. perforans, E. neoleporis (syn o E. coecicola and E. media species.Prophylactic measures are dealth with briefly, and laboratory and field trials with the currently most promising rabbit anti-coccidial drugs (Lerbek, robenidine and salinomyciin) are dealt with in more detail. 相似文献
9.
The effect of parasites on managed rabbit populations may prove crucial to develop sanitary strategies during restocking programs of such key prey species. We investigated natural infection of European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with Trypanosoma spp. in Spain. By fencing part of the warrens during a rabbit restocking program, we induced host variation in rabbit density across these socio-spatial units. We aimed (i) to compare Trypanosoma spp. infection spread between fenced and open warrens and (ii) to assess the relationship between body condition and infection. Trypanosoma spp. parasitaemia peaked in juveniles and decreased onwards. Adult females showed statistically higher infection rates than males. Rabbits from fenced warrens presented statistically higher infection rates than those from open ones, but did not differ in body condition. Parasite abundance negatively correlated with body condition in adults. Sex differences could resemble increased susceptibility to infection in females as a cost of reproduction and/or a higher exposition inside the warrens. Future studies should clarify whether aggregation caused enhanced exposition to intermediate hosts (fleas) and subsequent transmission of the parasite, and we stress that the study of non-lethal parasites during restocking programs provides valuable information on host contact rates and on factors affecting disease susceptibility. 相似文献
10.
G. Castrucci F. Frigeri M. Ferrari V. Cilli V. Aldrovandi F. Caleffi R. Gatti 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1984,7(3-4):171-178
Newborn calves were susceptible to infection with a rotavirus strain isolated from rabbits and, conversely, rabbits 4–5 weeks of age became ill and some died when inoculated with the rotavirus strain of bovine origin. However, the latter isolate appeared to be more virulent than the rabbit isolate in either calves or rabbits. Moreover, in reciprocal cross protection tests, carried out in calves and in rabbits, the rabbit rotavirus antiserum afforded only weak protection to challenge infection with either the homologous or the heterologous virus. By contrast, the protective level of the bovine rotavirus antiserum was relatively high. 相似文献
11.
兔业是节粮、环保、低耗草食畜牧业中的代表性产业,是中国畜牧业的重要组成部分。家兔遗传育种与繁殖的相关研究是推进兔业发展的重要基础与保障。遗传学、分子生物学、统计学及计算机科学等学科的交叉融合与不断进步,为家兔育种提供了更加先进全面的技术手段。作者从家兔传统育种与分子育种2个方面对国内外2021年家兔遗传育种与繁殖研究进展进行了综述。国外在传统育种与分子育种上均作了一定研究,主要集中在选择与环境效应的影响。国内开展的家兔遗传育种与繁殖研究数量相较国外更多,主要以分子育种为主,包括品种与遗传多样性、皮毛性状功能基因、脂肪和肉质性状相关基因及繁殖性能相关基因的研究;传统育种主要包括选择和环境效应对家兔生长与繁殖性能的影响及生产性能测定等。本综述旨在为家兔育种研究和生产提供参考。 相似文献
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以哈尔滨白兔作母本、白色力克斯兔作父本进行简单育成杂交试验,对亲本、杂交一代F_1、回交一代B_1(包括分离出的力克斯毛型B_1R和普通毛型B_1N)在相同饲养条件下的繁殖性能、生长发育、肉用性能和毛皮品质进行了测定.结果表明,在生长发育方面,F_1杂种优势较强,B_1杂种优势较弱,B_1R和力克斯兔在哺乳期生长发育差异不显著(P>0.05),而在2～6月龄B_1R比力克斯兔生长发育快,6月龄时平均体重多150g,差异极显著(P<0.01);B_1R与力克斯兔的屠宰率、肌肉营养成分(水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和矿物质)差异均不显著(P>0.05);B_1R的被毛密度和皮张面积比力克斯兔极显著增加(P<0.01),而绒毛长度和细度一致.同时观察到,γ位点在杂合状态下,肌肉粗蛋白含量比纯合状态下高3.19%,相对值为14.37%(P<0.05),从而提出γ位点不仅与被毛毛型有关,而且与肌肉蛋白质含量有关的假设. 相似文献
13.
家兔是中国传统的畜禽品种,同时也是中国畜牧业的重要组成部分。近年来,随着产业升级,生物技术快速发展,国内外家兔遗传育种取得了较大进展。文章分别从传统育种与分子育种2个方面对2020年国内外家兔遗传育种与繁殖研究进展进行了综述,以期为家兔种质资源利用与保护提供参考。国外在传统育种与分子育种上均作了较多研究,在传统育种上主要针对选择和环境因素对家兔生长及繁殖性能的影响进行研究;在分子育种上对生长及肉质相关基因、繁殖性能相关基因及遗传多样性等方面进行研究。国内开展的家兔遗传育种与繁殖研究数量相较国外更多,研究重点集中于分子育种,包括对皮毛性状、肉质性状及繁殖性能相关基因的研究;传统育种主要包括选择和环境效应对家兔生长与繁殖性能的影响。 相似文献
14.
Vionna Kwan Katherine Quesenberry Alexandre B. Le Roux 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2020,61(3):322-328
The aim of this retrospective reference interval observational study was to determine the mensuration of the pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri) by analyzing CT studies in rabbits without clinical evidence of pituitary disease or central neurologic signs. Though diseases of the rabbit pituitary gland are uncommon, the pituitary gland is essential in regulation of the rabbit's endocrine system, as in other species. Currently, there are minimal published studies that detail the rabbit head anatomy on cross‐sectional imaging, and even less specifically examining the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland was measured by one observer at a single time point from transverse and reconstructed sagittal CT images in a soft‐tissue algorithm in 62 rabbits for a total of 66 rabbit head CT studies. The rabbits ranged from 0.84 to 14 years in age (mean ± SD: 5.46 ± 3.05 years) and 0.92 to 4.95 kg in weight (2.21 ± 0.83 kg). Linear pituitary measurements were performed using electronic calipers. The mean ± SD pituitary height was 4.22 ± 0.57 mm, width was 4.48 ± 0.71 mm, and length was 6.02 ± 0.70 mm. The pituitary gland height‐to‐brain area ratio was 1.10 ± 0.16 mm?1, which is much higher than the values reported in normal dogs and cats. The age, weight, and sex of the rabbits were not found to have a significant impact on pituitary gland mensuration. These measurements could be useful as a reference range for future rabbit head CT studies and to rule out pituitary enlargement or disease when evaluating rabbit pituitary glands. 相似文献
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家兔是节粮型草食小动物,其养殖投资少、见效快,已成为中国促进农民增收、助力脱贫攻坚的优势产业。近年来,随着生命科学的发展,国内外家兔遗传育种取得了较大进展。文章分别从家兔传统育种、分子育种和繁殖等方面对国内外2019年家兔遗传育种与繁殖研究进展进行了综述。国外在传统育种、分子育种和家兔繁殖方面均作了较多的研究,传统育种主要是针对选择和环境及添加物对家兔生产性能影响的研究;分子育种方面主要是对繁殖性状相关基因的研究,其中产仔数及精液蛋白方面的研究较多,其次是生长、肉质、毛色等性状相关基因的研究;而繁殖方面的研究主要针对公兔精液的保存方法及添加物对家兔精液品质、产仔数和受胎率的影响。国内家兔遗传育种与繁殖研究也主要包括传统育种、分子育种和家兔繁殖,但国内的研究重点在分子育种研究,其中品种与遗传多样性及皮毛性状功能基因的研究较多,主要采用高通量测序、常规基因克隆和基因编辑的方法筛选对研究性状具有重要调控功能的基因及调控网络;而传统育种性状评定和家兔繁殖方面的研究相对较少。该综述可为家兔的育种和生产研究提供参考。 相似文献
17.
Research Progress on Genetic Breeding and Reproduction of Domestic and International Rabbits in 2019
DING Haisheng HUANG Dongwei WANG Yong CHENG Guanglong MA Rongxing YANG Yongxin ZHAO Huiling 《中国畜牧兽医》2007,47(12):3976-3984
The rabbit is a kind of grain-saving and small herbivore animal.Rabbit breeding which is low investment and obvious efficiency has become an advantageous industry of increasing income of rural farmers and poverty alleviation.In recent years,with the development of life science,great progress has been made in rabbit genetic breeding at home and abroad.In this paper,the research progress in genetic breeding and reproduction of rabbits in 2019 are reviewed from the traditional breeding,molecular breeding and reproduction of rabbits.For abroad,lots of researches involved in traditional breeding,molecular breeding and reproduction were done.Effects of selection,environment and additives on productive performance had been analyzed in traditional breeding.Molecular breeding mainly focused on reproductive performance among which there were more studies on litter size and spermatine.Secondly,the related genes of growth,meat quality and hair color were studied.The research on reproduction mainly focuses on the preservation method of male rabbit semen and the effects of additives on rabbit semen quality,litter size and conception rate.In China,genetic breeding and reproduction research on rabbit also mainly included traditional breeding,molecular breeding and reproduction,but the focus of domestic research was molecular breeding,among which breed and genetic diversity and functional genes of fur trait were mainly researched using high-throughput sequencing,gene cloning and gene editing to screen the important functional genes and regulatory networks related to research traits.However,compared with molecular breeding,there are fewer studies on the traits evaluation of traditional breeding and rabbit reproduction.This review can provide references for rabbit breeding and production. 相似文献
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豆状囊尾蚴是豆状带绦虫的中绦期幼虫,主要感染家兔等兔形目动物.豆状囊尾蚴病是家兔寄生虫病中较普遍和较严重的一种,由于无明显的临床症状,未能引起养殖户的足够重视,因而临床用药不规范,治疗效果欠佳,严重影响了中国养兔业的发展.因此,作者综述了兔豆状囊尾蚴病的病原形态、分子生物学、流行病学、致病性、诊断与免疫预防等方面的研究进展,为兔豆状囊尾蚴病的防控及相关研究提供参考. 相似文献
20.
Maio E Carta T Balseiro A Sevilla IA Romano A Ortiz JA Vieira-Pinto M Garrido JM de la Lastra JM Gortázar C 《Research in veterinary science》2011,91(2):212-218
Of the non-ruminant wildlife species known to harbor Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP), the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is thought to pose the greatest risk of transmission to cattle. We analyzed 80 hunter-harvested wild rabbits from a core study area in southern Spain, and sera from 157 wild rabbits sampled opportunistically on seven additional sites. Gross lesions compatible with paratuberculosis were observed in two of 80 necropsied rabbits. Histopathology revealed focal to diffuse multibacillary MAP-compatible lesions in 8 of 10 rabbits examined. Presence of MAP was confirmed in one rabbit with gross lesions by positive amplification curves for both IS900 and ISMAP02. However, no isolate was obtained from 47 samples by culture. We adapted an indirect ELISA for the detection of MAP antibodies. At the established cut-off of 0.5, 6 of 237 wild rabbit sera (2.5%) yielded a positive ELISA result. Antibodies were detected in rabbits from 3 of 8 sampling sites. Considering the increasing relevance of MAP infection for animal health, these results open a challenging field for future research. 相似文献