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1.
Abstract

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Sir, — The leptospiral serovars that have been cultured in New Zealand are pomona, copenhageni, ballum and hardjo. (Anon., 1951 Anon. N.Z. Dept Agric. A. Rep. 1950–1 1951 28 28  [Google Scholar]; Kirschner and Gray, 1951 Kirsch, W. 1974. Clinical observations in infection with L. tarassovi. Proc. int. Symp. on Leptospiroses, Smolenice, : 277–279. Czechoslovakia, September 11 to 13, 1973 [Google Scholar]; Anon., 1967a Anon. Leptospiral Serotype Distribution Listsaccording to Host and Geographical Area U.S. Dept of Health, Education and Welfare. Public Health Service 1966  [Google Scholar]; Lake, 1973 Kirschner, L. and Gray, W. G. 1951. Leptospirosis in New Zealand. N.Z. med. J., 50: 342–351.  [Google Scholar], respectively.) Serological evidence of serovar tarassovi has been published (Russell and Hansen, 1958 Rogers, R. J., Flanagan, M. and Hill, M. W. M. 1972. A survey of infectious causes of reproductive failure in beef cattle in north-eastern Australia. Aust. vet. J., 48: 203–207.  [Google Scholar]) but it is believed that until now no members of this serogroup have been isolated in New Zealand.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

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Both Candida albicans and C. tropicalis have been implicated in cases of bovine mastitis following udder infusion with antibiotics (Loken et al., 1959 Loken, K. I., Thompson, E. S., Hoyt, H. H. and Ball, R. A. 1959. J. Amer. vet. med. Ass., 134: 401–401.  [Google Scholar]). In some cases (Tucker, 1954 Tucker, E. W. 1954. Cornell Vet., 44: 79–79.  [Google Scholar]), contamination of the diluting fluid and teats with yeasts from the operator has been given as the cause, while in other cases (Stuart, 1951 Stuart, P. 1951. Vet. Rec., 63: 314–314.  [Google Scholar]; Hulse, 1952 Hulse, E. C. 1952. Vet. Rec., 64: 210–210.  [Google Scholar]), yeasts from brewer's grains on which the cows were feeding have been blamed.  相似文献   

3.
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Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus has been associated with respiratory infection (Webster and Manktelow, 1959 Webster, R. C. and Manktelow, B. W. 1959. Some; observations on bovine rhinotracheitis in New Zealand. N.Z. vet. J., 7: 143–148. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]) and genital infections (Manktelow and Hansen, 1961 Manketlow, B. W. and Hansen, N. F. 1961. The isolation of a cytopathic agent resembling the virus of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis from an outbreak of pustular vulvovaginitis in cattle. N.Z. vet. J., 9: 136–140.  [Google Scholar]) in New Zealand. The possible role of IBR virus in abortion has been reviewed by Durham (1974 Durham, P. J. K. 1974. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virusand its role in bovine abortion. N.Z. vet. J., 22: 175–179. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]).  相似文献   

4.
Abstract

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There are two principal sources of initial infection for the young lamb, the ewe grazing with it and the residual pasture infection resulting from any previous grazing. Several workers (Hawkins et al., 1944 Hawkins, P. A., Cole, C. L., Kline, E. E. and Drudge, J. H. 1944. Studies of sheep parasites. I. The course of untreated nematode infections. Vet. Med., 39: 154–161.  [Google Scholar]; Leiper, 1951 Leiper, J. W. G. 1951. Anew approach to phenothiazine therapy in sheep. Vet. Rec., 63: 885–889.  [Google Scholar]; Spedding and Brown, 1956 Spedding, C. R. W. and Brown, T. H. 1956. The “spring rise” in the nematode egg-count of sheep. J. Helminth., 29: 171–178. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]; Spedding, 1962 Spedding, C. R. W. 1962. Modern trends in animal health and husbandry. The agricultural ecology of sheep grazing. Brit. vet. J., 118: 461–481.  [Google Scholar]; Crofton, 1958 Crofton, H. D. 1958. Nematode parasite populations in sheep on lowland farms. V. Further observations on the post-parturient rise and a discussion of its significance. Parasitology, 48: 243–250.  [Google Scholar]; Soulsby, 1962 Soulsby, E. J. L. 1962. “Immunity to helminths and its effect on helminth infections”. In Animal Health and Production, 165–183. London: Butterworths.  [Google Scholar]) believe that the former is generally the more important.  相似文献   

5.
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Published records of Escherichia coli infection in lambs have appeared with increasing frequency in recent years. Reports have come from Australia (Roberts, 1957 Roberts, D. S. 1957. Anst. vet. J., 33: 43–43.  [Google Scholar], 1958 Roberts, D. S. 1958. Anst. vet. J., 34: 152–152.  [Google Scholar]; Charles, 1957 Charles, G. 1957. Anst. vet. J., 33: 329–329.  [Google Scholar]) and from Britain (Terlecki and Shaw, 1959 Terlecki, S. and Shaw, W. G. 1959. Vet. Rec., 71: 181–181.  [Google Scholar]; Rees, 1958 Rees, T. A. 1958. J. comp. Path., 68: 399–399.  [Google Scholar]; Hughes, 1962 Hughes, L. E. 1962. Vet. Rec., 74: 350–350.  [Google Scholar]). In the Australian outbreaks, the age of affected lambs ranged from three to eight weeks, while in the British outbreaks lambs became affected within one day of birth. In both countries the illness lasted from one to three days. Characteristically, the infection localized in the central nervous system leading to purulent meningo-encephahtis, and in the joints causing fibrino-purulent arthritis.  相似文献   

6.
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Recent surveys carried out by the Veterinary Investigation Service in Britain (1959 Veterinary Investigation Service. 1959. Vet. Rec, 71: 777–777.  [Google Scholar], 1960 Veterinary Investigation Service. 1960. Vet. Rec., 72: 1240–1240.  [Google Scholar]) into the causes of mortality in pigs confirmed the general impression that, in spite of advances in therapy and prophylaxis during the last 20 years, the mortality rate in piglets below 8 weeks of age is still in the region of 25 per cent of live births, a figure depressingly similar to, and indeed somewhat above, that obtained by Menzies-Kitchin (1937 Menzies-Kitchin, A.W. 1937. J. agric Sci., 27: 611–611.  [Google Scholar], 1938 Menzies-Kitchin, A.W. 1938. Pig Breeders' Annual, 18: 35–35.  [Google Scholar]) before the war. The surveys also analysed all deaths by age groups, organs affected and aetiological agent, in an attempt to define as precisely as possible the disease problems in British pigs.  相似文献   

7.
Abstract

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Granulomatous lesions in cats are well recognized entities and in particular lesions ascribed to various actinomycetes have been reported on a number of occasions (Ainsworth and Austwick, 1959, pp. 65–72 Ainsworth, G. C. 1962. Veterinary Annual, Edited by: Pool, W. A. 70–70. Bristol: John Wright &; Sons.  [Google Scholar]). In a survey carried out by Prévot et al. (1961) Ainsworth, G. C. and Austwick, P. K. C. 1959. Fungal Diseases of Animals, 64–79. Farnham Royal: Commonwealth Agric. Bureau.  [Google Scholar] it was found that, of 100 organisms isolated from chronic suppurative lesions in cats, only 5 per cent, were actinomycetes. The remaining 95 per cent. Included streptococci, staphylococci, Pasteurella septica and several members of the family Sphaerophoraceae. In all cases, the pus contained granules resembling the “sulphur-granules” commonly associated with actinomycosis.  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

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Despite many viruses having been isolated from bovine respiratory and intestinal tracts, only those of bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD), bovine parainfluenza 3 (PI 3) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR) have so far been associated with specific clinical complexes. Serological surveys have demonstrated the wide geographical distribution of all three viruses (Huck, 1962 Hack, R. A. 1962. Some recently isolated viruses from cattle. Vet. Bull., 32: 493–504.  [Google Scholar]; Paterson, 1962 Paterson, A. B. 1962. Virus diseases in calves. Vet. Rec., 74: 1384–1389.  [Google Scholar]; French and Snowdon, 1964 French, E. L. and Snowdon, W. A. 1964. Mucosal disease in Australian cattle. Aust. vet. J., 40: 99–105.  [Google Scholar]; Dawson and Darbyshire, 1964 Dawson, P. S. and Darbyshire, J. H. 1964. The occurrence and distribution in the United Kingdom of antibodies to parainfluenza 3 and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses in bovine sera. Vet. Rec., 76: 111–115.  [Google Scholar]), although so far only IBR has been confirmed as being present in New Zealand (Webster and Manktelow, 1959 Webster, R. G. and Manktelow, B. W. 1959. Some observations on bovine rhinotracheitis in New Zealand. N.Z. vet. J., 7: 143–148. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]). However, in view of a previous outbreak of a mucosal-like disease (Salisbury etal., 1961 Salisbury, R. M., Hartley, W. J., Mcintosh, I. G., Hansen, N. F., Te Punga, W. A. and Jamieson, S. 1961. A mucosal disease-like syndrome of cattle in New Zealand. Bull. Off. int. Epiz., 56: 62–79.  [Google Scholar]) together with the frequent occurrence of upper respiratory tract symptoms, it seemed most unlikely that other members of this virus trio would be absent from cattle in this country.  相似文献   

9.
Abstract

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Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute respiratory disease of fowls which was first reported from the U.S.A. by May and Tittsler (1925) Adlakha, S. C. 1966. A serological investigation to determine respiratory infections of poultry in India. Avian Dis., 10: 401–404.  [Google Scholar]. Both severe acute forms with high mortality and chronic enzootic forms with low mortality have been described, and the earlier literature was reviewed by Jordan (1966) Chang, P. W., Yates, V. J., Dardiri, A. H. and Fry, D. E. 1960. Some observations of the propagation of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in tissue culture. Avian Dis., 4: 384–390.  [Google Scholar]. In New Zealand ILT virus was first isolated in 1957 (Webster, 1959 Hitcher, S. B., Shea, C. A. and White, P. G. 1958. Studies on a serum neutralization test for the diagnosis of laryngotracheitis in chickens. Avian Dis., 2: 258–269.  [Google Scholar]).  相似文献   

10.
Abstract

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Sir,—With the advent of satisfactory oestrus detection equipment for cows (Lang et aI., 1968 Lang, D. R., Hight, G. K., Uljee, A. E. and Young, J. 1968. A marking device for detecting oestrous activity of cattle. N.Z. J. agric. Res., 11: 95–98.  [Google Scholar]) developed at the Whatawhata Hill Country Research Station, Hamilton, there will be an increasing need for infertile “teaser” bulls.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

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The abnormally long occlusion of the laryngeal aditus by continued action of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles (laryngospasm) has been recorded in many experimental and domestic animals and in man. Most reports on laryngospasm have been related to its occurrence under general anaesthesia where it has been foundin all the domestic species (Lumb, 1963 Lumb, W. V. 1963. Small Animal Anaesthesia, 357–357. Philadelphia: Lea &; Febiger. In [Google Scholar]; Westhues and Fritsch, 1965 Westhues, M. and Fritsoh, R. 1965. Animal Anaesthesia, Vol. 2, 297–297. Edinburgh and London: Oliver &; Boyd. In [Google Scholar]; Hall, 1966 Hall, L. W. 1966. Wright's Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 6th ed., 460–461. London: Bailliere, Tindall and Cassell.  [Google Scholar]) but is most commonly encountered in the cat (Rex, 1969 Rex, M. A. E. 1969. Laryngospasm during General Anaesthesia in the Cat, Massey University. Ph.D. thesis [Google Scholar]).  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

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Sir, — Leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica is now recognised as a widespread infection among opossums in New Zealand (2) Hathaway, S. C, Blackmore, D. K. and Marshall, R. B. 1978. The serologic and cultural prevalence of Leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica in opossums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New Zealand. J. Wild Dis., 14: 345–350. [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] and the possibility of domestic stock acting as accidental hosts has recently been demonstrated. (3) Mackintosh, C. G., Marshall, R. B. and Blackmore, D. K. 1980. Leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica in cattle. N.Z. vet. J., 28: 268–268. [Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] With the recent development of hardjo vaccines (1) Flint, S. H. and Liardet, D. M. 1980. A Trivalent leptospiral vaccine with emphasis on a Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo component to prevent leptospiruria. N.Z. vet. J., 28: 263–266. [Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] (4) Marshall, R. B., Broughton, E. S. and Hellstrom, J. S. 1979. Protection of cattle against natural challenge with Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo using a hardjo - pomona vaccine. N.Z. vet. J., 27: 114–116. [Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] for controlling infection with this serovar in the maintenance hosts, stock could be left vulnerable to infection with other prevalent serovars such as balcanica.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

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The equine lungworm was first reorded in a donkey (Equus asinus) and named Strongylus arnfieldi by Cobbold (1884) Cobbold, T. S. 1884. Veterinarian, 57(349): 4–7. [Cited by Soliman, 1960.] [Google Scholar]. Later it was recognized in the horse by Railliet and placed in the genus Dictyocaulus by Railliet and Henry in 1907. Numerous reports describe its cosmapolitan distribution although the cases de- scribed below appear to be the first published records of it from New Zealand, apart from a Department of Agriculture Report (Anon., 1966 Anon. Animal Research in the New Zealand Department of Agriculture 1964–5 1966 65 65  [Google Scholar]).  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

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Sir — The recently published advances by Done (1957 Done, J. T. 1957. Vet. Rec., 69: 1341–1341.  [Google Scholar]). Done et al. (1957 Done, J. T., Brooksbank, N. H. and Buntain, D. 1957. Vet. Rec., 69: 67–67.  [Google Scholar]) and Harding cl al. (1957 Harding, T. D. J., Done, J. T. and Kershaw, G. F. 1957. Vet. Rec., 69: 824–824.  [Google Scholar]); ill Great Britain concerning the knowledge of different disease of the central nervous system ot pigs have prompted a closer examination of these diseases by Diagnostic Officers of the Animal Research Division in this country.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

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Rural veterinary practice faces difficulties in many parts of the world. Falling farm incomes and increasing costs have sometimes resulted in reduced use of veterinary services. There seems to be widespread agreement that an increased emphasis on preventive medicine would improve the situation for both the farmer and his veterinarian. There appear to be no commonly agreed formal criteria for the development and evaluation of health programmes, either in human or veterinary medicine, but increasing attention is being paid to the problem(1) Anon Statistical indicators for the planning and evaluation of public health programmes: 11th report of the World Health Organisations expert committee on health statistics W. H. O. Tech. Reports No. 365 1971  [Google Scholar] (12) Morris, R. S. 1969. Assessing the ecnomic value of veterinary services to primary industries. Aust. vet. J., 45: 295–300.  [Google Scholar] (14) Morris, R. S. 1975. Criteria for the design and evaluation of bovine mastitis control systems. International Dairy Federation Proceedings, 85: 395–409. In [Google Scholar] (15) Schulberg, H. C., Sheldon, A. and Baker, F., eds. 1970. Program evaluation in the health fields, N.Y.: Behavioural Publications.  [Google Scholar], In some ways the evaluation of animal health programmes should be the easier, for there are fewer ethical problems and economic criteria are of paramount importance in rural practice.  相似文献   

16.
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Poisoning of cattle and sheep with superphosphate where the fertilizer was stored within reach of the animals has been reported by Romanenko (1954 Romanenko, K. L. 1954. Poisoning of farm animals with superphosphate. Veterinariya, 31(8): 52–52.  [Google Scholar]). In New Zealand losses of pregnant and lactating ewes grazing pastures topdressed with phosphatic fertilizers have been recognixed for several years, and records kept since 1965 show that 39 outbreaks have been reported to Ruakura Animal Health Laboratory (P. J. O'Hara, pers. comm.). Swan and McIntosh (1952 Swan, J. B. and Mcintosh, I. G. 1952. The toxicity of North African phosphate and superphosphate to milking cows. Proc. N.Z. Soc. Anim. Prod., 12: 83–88.  [Google Scholar]) have described the toxicity to dairy cows of grazing pasture topdressed with North African phosphate and superphosphate. The toxic factor was later identified as fluorine (Animal Research Division of the New Zealand Department of Agriculture Reports 1952–3, p. 28; 1953–4, p. 34; 1954–5, p. 35). Phosphatic fertilizers are known to contain 1 to 4% fluorine (Caro, 1964 Caro, J. H. 1964. Superphosphate. Its History, Chemistry and Manufacture, Washington, D.C.: USDA arid TVA. In [Google Scholar]), and the danger of poisoning stock with fluorine in untreated phosphates used as feed supplements has been described by many authors (Emmerling, 1902 Emmerling, A. 1902. Warning against the use of toxiccalcium phosphate in feed. Milchzeitung, 31: 728–728.  [Google Scholar]; Dammann and Manegold, 1904 Dammann, C. and Manegold, O. 1904. Poisonings by fluorine-containing calcium phosphate used as a feed supplement. Dt tierarztl. Wscht., 12: 129–131.  [Google Scholar]; Gardiner, 1930 Gardner, U. R. 1930. Agricultural Experiment Station Report, 201–201. Michigan State College. June 30 [Google Scholar]; Phillips et al., 1934 Phillips, P. H., Hart, E. B. and Bohstedt, G. 1934. Chronic toxicosis in dairy cows due to the ingestion of fluorine. Wisconsin Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull., 123: 1–3.  [Google Scholar]; Hatfield et al., 1942 Hatfield, J. D., Shrewsbury, C. L. and Doyle, L. P. 1942. The value of rock phosphate as a supplement for sheep. J. Anim. Sci., 1: 59–59.  [Google Scholar]; Udall, 1947 Udall, D. H. 1947. The Practice of Veterinary Medicine, 5th ed., 724–725. Ithaca, New York: Udall.  [Google Scholar]; Fincher, 1952 Fincher, M. G. 1952. Fluorine Poisoning in Cattle. Report of the New York State Veterinary College of Cornell University 1950–51, : 34–34.  [Google Scholar]; Harris et al., 1952 Harris, L. E., Baird, G. T., Bateman, G. Q., Binns, W., Draper, C. I., Greenwood, D. A., Henderson, G. R., Jenkins, W. R., Rich, L. H., Thorne, D. W. and Wann, F. B. 1952. Recommended practices to reduce fluorosis in livestock and poultry. Utah State Agric. Coll. Agric. Exp. Sta. Circ., : 130–130.  [Google Scholar]; Crampton, 1954 Crampton, E. W. 1954. Fluorosis in dairy cows traced to rations. Can. Milling and Feed, 35(12): 24–26.  [Google Scholar]; Dale and Crampton, 1955 Dale, G. D. and Crampton, E. W. 1955. Observations on chronic fluorosis in dairy cattle. Can. J. comp. Med., 19: 6–16.  [Google Scholar]; Snook, 1962 Snook, L. C. 1962. Rock phosphate in stock feeds. The fluorine hazard. Aust. vet. J., 38: 42–47.  [Google Scholar]; Rek, 1967 Rek, L. 1967. Tolerance to dietary fluorine by farm animals. Agrochemia, 7: 334–336.  [Google Scholar]; Agarwala et al, 1971 Agarwala, O. N., Nath, K. and Mahadevan, V. 1971. Use of superphosphate as a phosphorus supplement for lambs — effect on calcination or supplementation with oral cobalt or parenteral vitamin B12. J. agric. Sci., Camb., 77: 467–471.  [Google Scholar]).  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

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Arsenic poisoning of man and animals has been a problem since earliest times. That it is still a problem in livestock husbandry in New Zealand was shown by Staples (1964) Staples, E. L. J. 1964. Veterinary toxicology in New Zealand: A review of 1236 cases of poisoning. J. Sci. Technol. (Aberdeen), 10: 129–154.  [Google Scholar], who reported on 345 cases of poisoning diagnosed at Wallaceville Animal Research Centre over the period 1951 to 1960.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

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A budgerigar brought to the Wallaceville Animal Research Station for examination showed a severe chronic lesion of the beak and ceres. The lesion was heavily encrusted and showed honey-comb-like pitting (Fig. 1). Four birds of a flock of fifty were similarly affected. Mites were found in scrapings taken from the base of the beak and were identified as Knemidokoptes pilae, Lavoipierre and Griffiths, 1951 Evans, G.O. and Browning, E. 1955. Econ. Ser. Brit. Mus., 17 [Google Scholar].  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

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The toxicity of zinc salts to ruminants has been studied by Ott et al (4) Ott, E. A., Smith, W. H., Harrington, R. B. and Beeson, W. M. 1966. Zinc toxicity in ruminants. I. Effect of high levels of dietary zinc on gains, feed consumption and feed efficiency of lambs. J. Anim. Sci., 25: 414–481. [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] (5) Ott, E. A., Smith, W. H., Harrington, R. B. and Beeson, W. M. 1966. Zinc toxicity in ruminants. II. Effects of high levels of dietary zinc on gains, feed consumption and feed efficiency of beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 25: 419–423. [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] (6) Ott, E. A., Smith, W. H., Harrington, R. B., Stob, M., Parker, E. H. and Beeson, W. M. 1966. Zinc toxicity in ruminants. III. Physiological changes in tissues and alterations in rumen metabolism in lambs. J. Anim. Sci., 25: 424–431. [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] (7) Ou, E. A., Smith, W. H., Harrington, R. B., Parker, H. E. and Beeson, W. M. 1966. Zinc toxicity in ruminants. IV. Physiological changes in tissues of beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 25: 432–428.  [Google Scholar] and others (3) Miller, W. J., Clifton, C. M., Fowler, P. R. and Perkins, H. F. 1965. Influence of high levels of dietary zinc on zinc in milk, performance and biochemistry of lactating cows. J Dairv Sci., 48: 450–453.  [Google Scholar] (16) Zurcher, T. D. 1970. “A study of the zinc requirement of beef cattle”. In PhD Thesis, Purdue University.  [Google Scholar] (2) Feaster, J. P., Hansard, S. L., McCall, J. T., Skipper, F. H. and Davis, G. K. 1954. Absorption and tissue distribution of radio zinc in steers fed high-zinc rations. J Anim. Sci., 13: 781–788.  [Google Scholar] (12) Thompson, A., Hansard, S. L. and Bell, M. C. 1959. The influence of aluminium and zinc upon absorption and retention of calcium and phosphorous in lambs. Anim. Sci., 18: 187–197.  [Google Scholar] (9) Rosenberger, G. and Gruender, H. D. 1975. “Experiments on the toxicity of zinc dusts in cattle”. In 20th World Veterinary Congress Summaries Vol. 2 Thessaloniki Greece 920–921.  [Google Scholar]. In much of this work zinc has been incorporated in the feed, a situation more applicable to intensive feedlot farming rather than the New Zealand pastoral situation, or the zinc has been fed for limited periods of time with the possibility that the full potential of zinc for causing toxicity has not been realised.  相似文献   

20.
Isolation of leptospira hardjo from the opossum (trichosurus vulpecula)

Extract

Sir, — In 1971 and 1972 the Department of Health and the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries conducted surveys on the incidence of leptospirosis among fanners and their stock on the Hauraki Plains. As a result, Leptospira hardjo was identified for the first time in New Zealand, being isolated from humans (Christmas et al., 1974 Christmas, B. W., Till, D. G. and Bragger, Judith M. 1974. Dairy farm fever in New Zealand: Isolation of L. pomona and L. hardjo from a local outbreak. N. Z. med. J., 79: 904–906. [PubMed] , [Google Scholar]) and from dairy cattle (Lake, 1973 Christmas, B. W., Till, D. G. and Bragger, Judith M. 1974. Dairy farm fever in New Zealand: Isolation of L. pomona and L. hardjo from a local outbreak. N. Z. med. J., 79: 904–906. [PubMed] , [Google Scholar]). Evidence to date suggests that most human infections in New Zealand, whether of L. hardjo or of other serotypes, are contracted while milking.  相似文献   

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