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1.
Abstract Extract Eperythrozoon ovis is an epi-erythrocytic sheep parasite of uncertain classification with a world-wide distribution (Sutton, 1970 Sutton, R. H. 1970. Eperythrozoon ovis — a blood parasite of sheep. N.Z vet. J., 18: 156–164. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]), but whether eperythrozoonosis is a disease of economic importance remains unresolved. In Scotland, Foggie and Nisbet ( 1964 Foggie, A. and Nisbet, D. I. 1964. Studies on Eperythrozoon infection in sheep. J. comp. Path., 74: 45–61. [Google Scholar]), found that experimentally E. ovis caused a clinical anaemia, occasionally with jaundice, but there was no significant difference in weight gain between infected and control sheep. Similar observations in naturally infected sheep were recorded in Norway by Overas ( 1969 Overas, I. 1969. Studies on Eperythrozoon ovis infection in sheep. Acta vet. Scand., Suppl. 28 [Google Scholar]), and in Australia by Harbutt ( 1969b Harbutt, R. Patricia. 1969b. The effect of Eperythrozoon ovis infection on body weight gain and haematology of lambs in Victoria. Aust. vet. J., 45: 500–504. [Google Scholar]), Other Australian authors have found infection by this parasite; associated with outbreaks of ill-thrift in lambs (Sheriff et al., 1966 Sheriff, D., Clapp, K. H. and Reid, A. Marjorie. 1966. Eperythrozoon ovis infection in South Australia. Aust. vet. J., 42: 169–176. [Google Scholar]) and severe anaemia with some mortality (Littlejohns, 1960 Littlejohns, I. R. 1960. Eperythrozoon ovis in sheep. Aust. vet. f., 36: 260–265. [Google Scholar]; Maxwell, 1969 Maxwell, J. A. L. 1969. Eperythrozoon ovis infection in Western Australia. Ausf. vet. J., 45: 436–436. [Google Scholar]; Campbell et al., 1971 Campbell, R. W., Sloan, C. A. and Harbutt, R. Patricia. 1971. Observations on mortality in lambs in Victoria associated with Eperythrozoon ovis. Aust. vet. J., 47: 538–541. [Google Scholar]). Although the presence of strains of different pathogenicity has been suggested (Foggie and Nisbet, 1964 Foggie, A. and Nisbet, D. I. 1964. Studies on Eperythrozoon infection in sheep. J. comp. Path., 74: 45–61. [Google Scholar], 1966 Foggie, A. and Nisbet, D. I. 1966. Eperyihrozoon ovis. Vet. Rec., 79: 297–298. [Google Scholar]; Harbutt, 1969a Harbutt, R. Patricia. 1969a. The incidence and clinical significance of Eperythrozoon ovis infections of sheep in Victoria. Ausf vet. J., 45: 493–499. [Google Scholar]), other factors influencing the disease should also be considered (Littlejohns, 1960 Littlejohns, I. R. 1960. Eperythrozoon ovis in sheep. Aust. vet. f., 36: 260–265. [Google Scholar]). 相似文献
2.
Abstract Extract An acute epididymitis affecting mainly young rams and associated with a gram-negative pleomorphic organism was first reported in New Zealand in 1955 (1) Dodd, D. C. and Hartley, W. J. 1955. A specific suppurative epididymitis of rams. N.Z. vet. J., 3: 105–110. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]. Subsequently a similar syndrome attributed to Actinobacillus seminis has been reported in Border Leicester and other rams in Australia (2) Baynes, I. D. and Simmons, G. C. 1960. Ovine epididymitis caused by Actinobacillus seminis. N.Sp. Aust. vet. J., 36: 454–459. [Google Scholar] (3) Simmons, G. C., Baynes, I. D. and Ludford, C. G. 1966. Epidemiology of Actinobacillus seminis in a flock of Border Leicester sheep. Aust. vet. J., 42: 183–187. [Google Scholar] (4) Baynes, I. D. and Simmons, G. C. 1968. Clinical and pathological studies of Border Leicester rams naturally infected with Actinobacillus seminis. Aust. vet. J., 44: 339–343. [Google Scholar]. A like condition also described in Australia in a single crossbred ram was causally attributed to Histophilus ovis (5) Claxton, P. D. and Everett, R. E. 1966. Recovery of an organism resembling Histophilus ovis from a ram. Aust. vet. J., 42: 457–458. [Google Scholar]. Actinobacillus seminis was isolated from an epididymal infection in a Rambouillet ram in America (6) Livingston, C. W. and Hardy, W. T. 1964. Isolation of Actinobacillus seminis from ovine epididymitis. Am. J. vet. Res., 25: 660–663. [Google Scholar] and from a Dorper ram in South Africa (7) Worthingron, R. W. and Bosman, P. P. 1968. Isolation of Actinobacillus seminis in South Africa. J I. S. Aft. vet. med. Ass., 39: 81–85. [Google Scholar]. 相似文献
3.
Abstract Extract S pontaneous glomerulonephritis has been considered an uncommon and ill-defined disease in domestic animals (Jubb and Kennedy, 1970 Jubb, K. V. F. and Kennedy, P. C. 1970. Pathology of Domestic Animals, 2nd ed., Vol. 2, 296–298. New York: Academic Press. [Google Scholar]). In a survey of 236 cases of nephritis in horses, cattle, sheep, pigs and dogs, Langham and Hallman ( 1941 Langham, R. F. and Hallman, E. I. 1941. The incidence of glomerulonephritis in domesticated animals. J. Am. vet. Med. Ass., 99: 471–475. [Google Scholar]) detected primary glomerular abnormalities in only 7. However, recent studies incorporating electron microscopic, or immunofluorescence examination, or both, of renal tissue suggest that glomerulonephritis is not uncommon. During the past 5 years it has been reported in sheep (Angus et al., 1973 Angus, K. W., Gardiner, A. C., Sykes, A. R. and Davison, A. M. 1973. A rapidly progressing mesangio-capillary glomerulonephritis in Finnish Landrace lambs. Vet. Rec., 92: 337–338. [Google Scholar]), dogs (Krohn et al., 1973 Krohn, K., Jokelainen, P. I. and Sandholm, M. 1973. Light and electron microscopic observations on glomerular changes in canine interstitial nephritis. Acta path., microbiol. scand. Section A, 81: 461–473. [Google Scholar]) and cats (Slauson et al., 1971 Slauson, D. O., Russell, S. W. and Schechter, R. D. 1971. Naturally occurring immune-complex glomerulonephritis in the cat. J. Path., 103: 131–133. [Google Scholar]; Farrow and Huxtable, 1971 Farrow, B. R. H. and Huxtable, C. R. R. 1971. Membranous nephropathy and the nephrotic syndrome in the cat. J. comp. Path., 81: 463–467. [Google Scholar]), and in 6 of 45 horses examined at a commercial slaughterhouse in the U.S.A. (Banks and Henson, 1972 Banks, K. L. and Henson, J. B. 1972. Immunologically mediated glomerulonephritis of horses. II. Antiglomerular basement membrane antibody and other mechanisms in spontaneous disease. Lab. Invest., 26: 708–715. [Google Scholar]). 相似文献
4.
Abstract Extract I t is clear that the early permeability response in the sheep that follows chemical and thermal injury, is mediated by histamine (Lancaster and Vegad, 1967 Lancaster, M. C. and Vegad, J. L. 1967. Suppression of the early inflammatory response in the sheep by strophanthin G. Nature, Lond., 213: 840–841. [Google Scholar]; Vegad, 1971a Vegad, J. L. 1971a. Effect of thermal injury on vascular permeability in the sheep. Indian J. exp. Biol., 9: 111–112. [Google Scholar], b Vegad, J. L. 1971b. Leucocyte emigration following intradermal injection of histamine, 5-hydroxytrypta-mine and bradykinin in the sheep. Indian J. exp Biol., 9: 113–114. [Google Scholar]). This is similar to the situation in the rat and the guinea-pig (Spector and Willoughby, 1965 Spector, W. G. and Willoughby, D. A. 1965. The Inflammatory Process, Edited by: Zwiefach, B. W., Grant, L. and Mc-Cluskey, R. T. 427–427. New York: Academic Press. In [Google Scholar]). In contrast to the situation in the rat and the guinea-pig, various nucleosides (Vegad, 1970c Vegad, J. L. 1970c. Effect of hyaluronidase and nucleosides on vascular permeability in sheep and its suppression by mepyramine maleate. Indian J. exp. Biol., 8: 141–142. [Google Scholar]), hyaluronidase (Vegad, 1970c Vegad, J. L. 1970c. Effect of hyaluronidase and nucleosides on vascular permeability in sheep and its suppression by mepyramine maleate. Indian J. exp. Biol., 8: 141–142. [Google Scholar]), 5-hydroxytryptamine, turpentine-induced pleural exudates and the lymph node cell extracts also release histamine in the sheep skin (Vegad, 1967 Fischel, E. E. and Kabat, E. A. 1947. Quantitative study of Arthus phenomenon induced passively in rabbit. J. Immun., 55: 337–343. [Google Scholar]). From these results it was thought possible that cutaneous antigen-antibody reactions might also release histamine in the sheep, and this possibility has been investigated in the present experiments. 相似文献
5.
Abstract Extract R ecent interest in the subject of vesicoureteral reflux (regurgitation of the vesical contents into the ureters) in man has lead to many experimental investigations of this phenomenon in dogs (Ross and Thompson, 1963 Ross, G. and Thompson, I. M. 1963. The relationship of non-obstructive reflux and chronic pyelonephritis: An experimental study. J. Urol., 90: 391–394. [Google Scholar]; Schoenberg et al, 1963 Schoenberg, H. W., Beisswanger, P., Howard, W., Walter, C. F. and Murphy, J. J. 1963. Effect of lower urinary tract infection upon ureteral function. Amer. Coll. Surgeons Surgical Forum, 14: 483–484. [Google Scholar]; Levers and Metcalfe, 1964 Levers, P. E. and Metcalfe, J. O. 1964. Urethral resistance measurement: Vesicoureteral reflux and age. J. Urol., 91: 368–375. [Google Scholar]; Schoenberg et al, 1964 Schoenberg, H. W., Beisswanger, P., Howard, W., Walter, C. F. and Murphy, J. J. 1964. Effect of lower urinary tract infection on ureteral function. J. Urol., 92: 107–108. [Google Scholar]; Scott, 1964(a) Scott, J. E. S. 1964a. An experimental investigation into the effects of prolonged vesico-ureteric reflux. Brit. J. Urol., 36: 391–398. [Google Scholar]; Scott, 1964(b) Scott, J. E. S. 1964b. An experimental study of urinary infection and vesico-ureteric reflux. Brit. J. Urol., 36: 501–509. [Google Scholar]; Cass and Lenaghan, 1965 Cass, A. S. and Lenaghan, D. 1965. The influence of posture on the occurrence of vesico-ureteral reflux. Invest. Urol., 2: 523–529. [Google Scholar]; Mori and Hara, 1965 Mori, Y. and Hara, T. 1965. Vesicoureteral reflux. Part I. Experimental observation on the mechanism of the prevention of vesicoureteral reflux. Mio. Med. Med. J., 14: 245–249. [Google Scholar]; Sommer and Roberts, 1966 Sommer, J. L. and Roberts, J. A. 1966. Ureteral reflux resulting from chronic urinary infection in dogs: Long term studies. J. Urol., 95: 502–510. [Google Scholar]; King and Idriss, 1967 King, L. R. and Idriss, F. S. 1967. The effect of vesicoureteral reflux on renal function in dogs. Invest. Urol., 4: 419–427. [Google Scholar]). Little, however, has been written on the naturally-occurring condition seen in canine clinical practice. In fact, apart from isolated reports from experimental workers (Barksdale and Baker, 1930 Barksdale, E. S. and Baker, W. W. 1930. The effect of denervation of the lower ureter upon the incidence of ureteral reflux in the dog. J. Urol., 24: 263–268. [Google Scholar]; Scott and de Luca, 1960 Scott, J. E. S. and de Luca, F. G. 1960. Further studies on the uretero-vesical junction of the dog. Brit. J. Urol., 32: 320–323. [Google Scholar]) it has rarely been seriously considered as a complication of urinary disorders by practising veterinarians. 相似文献
6.
Abstract Extract I nfective larvae of Haemonchus contortus when ingested by sheep normally undergo development through a series of moults to become sexually mature, adults, a process that takes 14 to 15 days (Veglia, 1915 Veglia, F. 1915. The anatomy and life history of the Haemonchus contortus (Rud). 3rd and 4th Rep. Direct. Vet. Res., Union of South Africa, : 348–500. [Google Scholar]). In some circumstances, however, such larvae may become arrested in their development at an early fourth larval stage 3 to 4 days following ingestion (Blitz and Gibbs, 1971 Blitz, N. M. and Gibbs, H. C. 1971. Morphological characterization of the stage of arrested development of Haemonchus contortus in sheep. Can. J. Zool., 49: 991–995. [Google Scholar]). A similar phenomenon of arrested or inhibited development has also been recorded in Ostertagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus axei infections in sheep; in the former again occurring at an early fourth stage, (Sommerville, 1953 Sommerville, R. I. 1953. Development of Ostertagia circumcincta in the absomasal mucosa of the sheep. Nature. Lond., 171: 482–483. [Google Scholar], 1954 Sommerville, R. I. 1954. The histotropic phase of the nematode parasite Ostertagia circumcincta. Aust. J. agric. Res., 5: 130–140. [Google Scholar]) and in the latter at a loosely defined “fourth larval stage” (Reid and Armour, 1972 Reid, J. F. S. and Armour, J. 1972. Seasonal fluctuations and inhibited development of gastro-intestinal nematodes of sheep. Res. vet. Sci., 13: 225–229. [Google Scholar]). 相似文献
7.
Abstract Extract C ambendazole, isopropy1 2-(4-thiazoly1)-5-benzimidazolecarbamate, has been reported to be a highly efficient anthelmintic against gastro-intestinal nematodes of cattle (Egerton et al., 1970 Egerton, J. R., Eary, C. H., Lanza, G. R., Wombolt, T. H. and Campbell, W. C. 1970. The efficacy of cambendazole against gastro-intestinal nematodes of cattle. Res. vet. Sci., 11: 495–499. [Google Scholar]; Baker and Walters, 1971 Baker, N. P. and Walters, G. T. 1971. Anthelmintic efficacy of cambendazole in cattle. Ant. J. vet. Res., 14: 29–33. [Google Scholar]; Ciordia and McCampbell, 1971 Ciordia, J. and McCampbell, H. C. 1971. Anthelmintic efficacy of four dose levels of cambendazole in cattle. Proc. helm. Soc. Wash., 38: 40–42. [Google Scholar]; Benz, 1971a Benz, G. W. 1971a. Anthelmintic activities of cambendazole in calves. Am. J. vet. Res., 32: 399–403. [Google Scholar], b Benz, G. W. 1971b. Activity of cambendazole against gastro-intestinal nematodes of calves: Single vs. two therapeutic treatments. J. Parasit., 57: 286–288. [Google Scholar]; Restani, 1971 Restani, R. 1971. Research on the anthelmintic activity of cambendazole against some nematodes of cattle. Vet. Italiana, 22: 137–139. [Google Scholar]). Efficacy against the cattle lungworm, Dictyocaulus viviparus, has also been reported as high (Rubin, 1972 Rubin, R. 1972. Efficacy of cambendazole against lungworm (Dictyocaulus vivipams) of cattle. Am. J. vet. Res., 33: 425–426. [Google Scholar]; Gibbs and Gupta, 1972 Gibbs, H. C. and Gupta, R. P. 1972. The anthelmintic activity of cambendazole in calves and lambs. Can. J. comp. Med., 36: 108–115. [Google Scholar]; Baker et al., 1972 Baker, N. F., Walters, G. T., Hjerp, G. A. and Fisk, R. A. 1972. Experimental therapy of Dictyocaulus viviparis infection in cattle with cambendazole. Am. J. vet. Res., 33: 1127–1130. [Google Scholar]). This paperreports the results of four controlled critical efficacy trials with cambendazole against naturally acquired nematode infections in cattle. 相似文献
8.
Abstract Extract A t the Wallaceville Animal Research Centre, Thomas ( 1958 Thomas, P. L. 1958. The control of lice (Damalinia ovis) and keds (Melophagus ovinus) — a comparison of the efficiency of common insecticides. N.Z. Jl agric. Res., 1: 217–223. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]) and Greenwood ( 1964 Greenwood, E. S. 1964. Louse control in sheep — a comparison of seven dipping preparations. N.Z. Jl agric. Res., 7: 382–385. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]) have tested a number of insecticides against biting lice and keds on sheep. The present paper reports hitherto unpublished work by Millar ( nee Greenwood) up to 1966 and more recent work carried out since her departure. 相似文献
9.
Abstract Extract N orthand has a wide variety of soil types, many of which are strongly leached wet clays with thin topsoils and low subsoil fertility. The copper status of many of these soils is low (Cunningham et at., 1956 Cunningham, I. J., Hogan, K. G. and Breen, J. N. 1956. The copper and molybdenum contents of pastures grown on the different soils of New Zealand. N.Z. Jl Sci. Tech., 38: 225–238. [Google Scholar]; Taylor et al., 1956 Taylor, N. H., Cunningham, I. J. and Davies, E. B. 1956. Soil type in relation to mineral deficiencies. Paper, 9: 32–32. Int. Grassland Conf., N.Z., 1956. [Google Scholar]; Wells, 1957 Wells, N. 1957. Soil studies using sweet vernal to assess element availability. N.Z. Jl Sci. Tech., 38: 884–902. [Google Scholar]). Copper deficiency (hypocuprosis), has been reported at various times in both cattle and sheep in this part of New Zealand, but the incidence was considered to be low and confined to a few localized areas. 相似文献
10.
Abstract Extract T rimethoprim became generally available 3 years ago, following its original discovery as a unique antibacterial agent for combating diseases of both man and animals (Hitchings and Bushby, 1961 Hitchings, G. H. and Bushby, S. R. M. 5-Benzyl-2, 4-diaminopyrimidines a new class of systemic anti-bacterial agents. 5th Int. Congr. Biochem. Moscow. pp.165–165. [Google Scholar]; Pugsley et al., 1969 Pugsley, D. G., Mwanje, L., Pearson, C and Blowers, R. 1969. Use of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole in tropical Africa: Typhoid fever; Salmonella typhi carriage and Staphylococcus aureus sepsis. Postgrad, med. J., 45: 95–99. Nov. 1969, Suppl. [Google Scholar]; McGuinness, 1969 McGuinness, B. W. 1969. A combination of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole in upper respiratory infection. Postgrad, med. J., 45: 99–101. Nov. 1969, Suppl. [Google Scholar]; McCaig, 1970 McCaig, J. 1970. A clinical trial using trimethoprim-sulphadiazine in dogs and cats. Vet. Rec., 87: 265–265. [Google Scholar]; Barnett and Bushby, 1970 Barnett, Margaret and Bushby, S. R. M. 1970. Trimethoprim and the sulphonamides. Vet. Rec., 87: 43–51. [Google Scholar]; Rehm and White, 1970 Rehm, W. F. and White, G. 1970. A field trial with trimethoprim and sulphadoxine in bacterial diseases of cattle and pigs. Vet. Rec., 87: 39–42. [Google Scholar]; Craig 1972 Craig, G. R. 1972. The place of potentiated trimethoprim in the therapy of diseases of the skin in dogs and cats. J. small Anim. Pract., 13: 65–70. [Google Scholar]). 相似文献
11.
Abstract Extract In an initial study of mycoplasmas of the respiratory tract of New Zealand sheep a number of strains of mycoplasma were recovered and identified as either M. ovipneumoniae or M. arginini (Clarke et al., 1974 Clarke, J. K., Brown, V. G. and Alley, M. R. 1974. Isolation and identification of mycoplasmas from the respiratory tract of sheep in New Zealand. N.Z. vet. J., 22: 117–121. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]). Investigations in Australia have produced evidence that M. ovipneumoniae is associated with a proliferative interstitial pneumonia in Queensland sheep (Sullivan et al., 1973 Sullivan, N. D., St. George, T. D. and Horsfall, N. 1973. A proliferative interstitial pneumonia of sheep associated with mycoplasma infection. I. Natural history of the disease in a flock. Aust. vet. J., 49: 57–62. [Google Scholar]) and for this reason the present survey was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of mycoplasmas in the respiratory tract of sheepin New Zealand. 相似文献
12.
Abstract Extract M any reports concerned with the microflora of the genital tract in thoroughbred mares stress the potential pathogenic significance of the haemolytic streptococci. Many years ago, Dimock (1929 Dimock, W. W. 1929. Breeding diseases of the horse. J. Am. vet. med. Ass., 74: 327–335. [Google Scholar], 1939 Dimock, W. W. 1939. Equine breeding hygiene. J. Am. vet. med. Ass., 94: 469–478. [Google Scholar]) and Dimock and Edwards (1928) Dimock, W. W. and Edwards, P. R. 1928. The pathology and bacteriology of the reproductive organs of mares in relation to sterility. Ky agric. exp. Stn Bull., 286: 287–339. [Google Scholar] associated the haemolytic streptococci with persistent endometritis, sterility and deaths in foals up to 2 to 4 weeks after birth. In Holland, Ressang (1954) Ressang, A. 1954. “Sterility in Mares. A clinical, bacteriological and histopathological investigation”. In Thesis, State University of Utrecht. [Google Scholar] isolated haemolytic streptococci of Lancefield's Group C from 34 of 153 (22%) mares offered for examination because of poor breeding performance. Ressang noted that mares with streptococcal endometritis were not likely to show satisfactory fertility even after the infection had apparently been eliminated. Haemolytic streptococci have also been associated with infertility in mares in Turkey (Pusat, 1955 Pusat, M. M. 1955. Kisraklarin sikit amili streptococlarin tipleri ve streptococcus genitalium uzerinde bir munakasa. Turk vet. Hekim. Dern. Derg., 24: 2,039–2,047. [Google Scholar]), in the United Kingdom (Moran and Cronin, 1957 Moran, A. B. and Cronin, M. T. 1957. Organisms isolated from the uteri of thoroughbred mares. J. comp. Path., 67: 106–109. [Google Scholar]) and in Ireland (Farrelly and Mullaney, 1964 Farrelly, B. T. and Mullaney, P. E. 1964. Cervical and uterine infection in thoroughbred mares. Ir. vet. J., 18: 201–212. [Google Scholar]). In Australia, Bain (1966) Bain, A. M. 1966. The role of infection in infertility in the thoroughbred mare. Vet. Rec., 78: 168–173. [Google Scholar] noted that 12% of infected mares at stud in the Hunter district of New South Wales harboured beta-haemolytic strepotcocci in the genital tract. This organism was considered the most serious pathogen encountered as only 40% of these mares infected with haemolytic streptococci produced a live foal in the first year following infection: 35% had still not completed a successful pregnancy within the subsequent 3-year period. 相似文献
13.
Abstract Extract F ungi of the genus Aspergillus are ubiquitous, but their involvement in clinical disease in man and other mammals is relatively uncommon. When involved in a disease process they are generally considered to be a secondary complicating factor to other underlying local or systemic conditions (Zimmerman, 1955 Zimmerman, L. E. 1955. Fatal fungus infections complicating other diseases. Am. J. clin. Path., 25: 46–65. [Google Scholar]; Smith, 1962 Smith, D. T. 1962. Symposium Summation. Lab. Invest., 11: 1239–1241. [Google Scholar]; Cordes and Shortridge, 1968 Cook, W. R., Campbell, R. S. F. and Dawson, C. 1968. The pathology and aetiology of guttural pouch mycosis in the horse. Vet. Rec., 83: 422–438. [Google Scholar]; Kilman et al, 1969 Kilman, T. W., Ahn, C., Andrews, M. C. and Klassen, K. 1969. Surgery for pulmonary aspergillosis. J., thorac. cardiovasc. Surg., 57: 642–647. [Google Scholar]; McCausland, 1972 McCausland, I. P. 1972. Systemic mycoses in two cats. N.Z. vet. J., 20: 10–12. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]). 相似文献
14.
Abstract Extract T he nature of the agent causing hairy shaker disease of lambs in New Zealand is uncertain. A report by Manktelow et al. (1969) Manktelow, B. W., Porter, W. L. and Lewis, K. H. C. 1969. Hairy shaker disease of lambs. N.Z. vet. J., 17: 245–248. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar] demonstrated the transmissibility of the disease, using homogenized tissue as the inoculum, and drew attention to its similarity on clinical and pathological grounds to the condition of Border disease found in the United Kingdom. Transmission of Border disease using homogenized tissues had been previously reported by Dickinson and Barlow (1967) Dickinson, A. G. and Barlow, R. M. 1967. The demonstration of the transmissibility of Border disease in sheep. Vet. Rec., 81: 114–114. [Google Scholar], Shaw et al. (1967) Shaw, I. G., Winkler, C. E. and Terlecki, S. 1967. Experimental reproduction of hypomyelinogenisis congentia of lambs. Vet. Rec, 81: 115–116. [Google Scholar] and Barlow and Gardiner (1969) Barlow, R. M. and Gardiner, A. C. 1969. Experiments in Border disease. I. Transmission, pathology and some serological aspects of the experimental disease. J. comp. Path., 75: 387–405. [Google Scholar]. 相似文献
15.
Abstract Extract Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute respiratory disease of fowls which was first reported from the U.S.A. by May and Tittsler (1925) Adlakha, S. C. 1966. A serological investigation to determine respiratory infections of poultry in India. Avian Dis., 10: 401–404. [Google Scholar]. Both severe acute forms with high mortality and chronic enzootic forms with low mortality have been described, and the earlier literature was reviewed by Jordan (1966) Chang, P. W., Yates, V. J., Dardiri, A. H. and Fry, D. E. 1960. Some observations of the propagation of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in tissue culture. Avian Dis., 4: 384–390. [Google Scholar]. In New Zealand ILT virus was first isolated in 1957 (Webster, 1959 Hitcher, S. B., Shea, C. A. and White, P. G. 1958. Studies on a serum neutralization test for the diagnosis of laryngotracheitis in chickens. Avian Dis., 2: 258–269. [Google Scholar]). 相似文献
16.
Abstract Extract D espite many viruses having been isolated from bovine respiratory and intestinal tracts, only those of bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD), bovine parainfluenza 3 (PI 3) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR) have so far been associated with specific clinical complexes. Serological surveys have demonstrated the wide geographical distribution of all three viruses (Huck, 1962 Hack, R. A. 1962. Some recently isolated viruses from cattle. Vet. Bull., 32: 493–504. [Google Scholar]; Paterson, 1962 Paterson, A. B. 1962. Virus diseases in calves. Vet. Rec., 74: 1384–1389. [Google Scholar]; French and Snowdon, 1964 French, E. L. and Snowdon, W. A. 1964. Mucosal disease in Australian cattle. Aust. vet. J., 40: 99–105. [Google Scholar]; Dawson and Darbyshire, 1964 Dawson, P. S. and Darbyshire, J. H. 1964. The occurrence and distribution in the United Kingdom of antibodies to parainfluenza 3 and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses in bovine sera. Vet. Rec., 76: 111–115. [Google Scholar]), although so far only IBR has been confirmed as being present in New Zealand (Webster and Manktelow, 1959 Webster, R. G. and Manktelow, B. W. 1959. Some observations on bovine rhinotracheitis in New Zealand. N.Z. vet. J., 7: 143–148. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]). However, in view of a previous outbreak of a mucosal-like disease (Salisbury etal., 1961 Salisbury, R. M., Hartley, W. J., Mcintosh, I. G., Hansen, N. F., Te Punga, W. A. and Jamieson, S. 1961. A mucosal disease-like syndrome of cattle in New Zealand. Bull. Off. int. Epiz., 56: 62–79. [Google Scholar]) together with the frequent occurrence of upper respiratory tract symptoms, it seemed most unlikely that other members of this virus trio would be absent from cattle in this country. 相似文献
17.
Abstract Extract P oisoning of cattle and sheep with superphosphate where the fertilizer was stored within reach of the animals has been reported by Romanenko ( 1954 Romanenko, K. L. 1954. Poisoning of farm animals with superphosphate. Veterinariya, 31(8): 52–52. [Google Scholar]). In New Zealand losses of pregnant and lactating ewes grazing pastures topdressed with phosphatic fertilizers have been recognixed for several years, and records kept since 1965 show that 39 outbreaks have been reported to Ruakura Animal Health Laboratory (P. J. O'Hara, pers. comm.). Swan and McIntosh ( 1952 Swan, J. B. and Mcintosh, I. G. 1952. The toxicity of North African phosphate and superphosphate to milking cows. Proc. N.Z. Soc. Anim. Prod., 12: 83–88. [Google Scholar]) have described the toxicity to dairy cows of grazing pasture topdressed with North African phosphate and superphosphate. The toxic factor was later identified as fluorine (Animal Research Division of the New Zealand Department of Agriculture Reports 1952–3, p. 28; 1953–4, p. 34; 1954–5, p. 35). Phosphatic fertilizers are known to contain 1 to 4% fluorine (Caro, 1964 Caro, J. H. 1964. Superphosphate. Its History, Chemistry and Manufacture, Washington, D.C.: USDA arid TVA. In [Google Scholar]), and the danger of poisoning stock with fluorine in untreated phosphates used as feed supplements has been described by many authors (Emmerling, 1902 Emmerling, A. 1902. Warning against the use of toxiccalcium phosphate in feed. Milchzeitung, 31: 728–728. [Google Scholar]; Dammann and Manegold, 1904 Dammann, C. and Manegold, O. 1904. Poisonings by fluorine-containing calcium phosphate used as a feed supplement. Dt tierarztl. Wscht., 12: 129–131. [Google Scholar]; Gardiner, 1930 Gardner, U. R. 1930. Agricultural Experiment Station Report, 201–201. Michigan State College. June 30 [Google Scholar]; Phillips et al., 1934 Phillips, P. H., Hart, E. B. and Bohstedt, G. 1934. Chronic toxicosis in dairy cows due to the ingestion of fluorine. Wisconsin Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull., 123: 1–3. [Google Scholar]; Hatfield et al., 1942 Hatfield, J. D., Shrewsbury, C. L. and Doyle, L. P. 1942. The value of rock phosphate as a supplement for sheep. J. Anim. Sci., 1: 59–59. [Google Scholar]; Udall, 1947 Udall, D. H. 1947. The Practice of Veterinary Medicine, 5th ed., 724–725. Ithaca, New York: Udall. [Google Scholar]; Fincher, 1952 Fincher, M. G. 1952. Fluorine Poisoning in Cattle. Report of the New York State Veterinary College of Cornell University 1950–51, : 34–34. [Google Scholar]; Harris et al., 1952 Harris, L. E., Baird, G. T., Bateman, G. Q., Binns, W., Draper, C. I., Greenwood, D. A., Henderson, G. R., Jenkins, W. R., Rich, L. H., Thorne, D. W. and Wann, F. B. 1952. Recommended practices to reduce fluorosis in livestock and poultry. Utah State Agric. Coll. Agric. Exp. Sta. Circ., : 130–130. [Google Scholar]; Crampton, 1954 Crampton, E. W. 1954. Fluorosis in dairy cows traced to rations. Can. Milling and Feed, 35(12): 24–26. [Google Scholar]; Dale and Crampton, 1955 Dale, G. D. and Crampton, E. W. 1955. Observations on chronic fluorosis in dairy cattle. Can. J. comp. Med., 19: 6–16. [Google Scholar]; Snook, 1962 Snook, L. C. 1962. Rock phosphate in stock feeds. The fluorine hazard. Aust. vet. J., 38: 42–47. [Google Scholar]; Rek, 1967 Rek, L. 1967. Tolerance to dietary fluorine by farm animals. Agrochemia, 7: 334–336. [Google Scholar]; Agarwala et al, 1971 Agarwala, O. N., Nath, K. and Mahadevan, V. 1971. Use of superphosphate as a phosphorus supplement for lambs — effect on calcination or supplementation with oral cobalt or parenteral vitamin B12. J. agric. Sci., Camb., 77: 467–471. [Google Scholar]). 相似文献
18.
Abstract Extract T here are two principal sources of initial infection for the young lamb, the ewe grazing with it and the residual pasture infection resulting from any previous grazing. Several workers (Hawkins et al., 1944 Hawkins, P. A., Cole, C. L., Kline, E. E. and Drudge, J. H. 1944. Studies of sheep parasites. I. The course of untreated nematode infections. Vet. Med., 39: 154–161. [Google Scholar]; Leiper, 1951 Leiper, J. W. G. 1951. Anew approach to phenothiazine therapy in sheep. Vet. Rec., 63: 885–889. [Google Scholar]; Spedding and Brown, 1956 Spedding, C. R. W. and Brown, T. H. 1956. The “spring rise” in the nematode egg-count of sheep. J. Helminth., 29: 171–178. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]; Spedding, 1962 Spedding, C. R. W. 1962. Modern trends in animal health and husbandry. The agricultural ecology of sheep grazing. Brit. vet. J., 118: 461–481. [Google Scholar]; Crofton, 1958 Crofton, H. D. 1958. Nematode parasite populations in sheep on lowland farms. V. Further observations on the post-parturient rise and a discussion of its significance. Parasitology, 48: 243–250. [Google Scholar]; Soulsby, 1962 Soulsby, E. J. L. 1962. “Immunity to helminths and its effect on helminth infections”. In Animal Health and Production, 165–183. London: Butterworths. [Google Scholar]) believe that the former is generally the more important. 相似文献
19.
Abstract Extract Little published data is available on the distribution and prevalence of viral diseases in the New Zealand cattle population. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus (4) Abinanti, F. R., Hoelein, A. B., Watson, R.L and Heuber, R. J. 1961. Serological studies of myxovirus para-influenza 3 in cattle and the prevalence of antibodies in bovines. J. Immunol., 86: 505–511. [Google Scholar] (5) Bakos, K and Dinier, Z. 1960. Identification of a bovine mucosal disease virus isolated in Sweden as myxovirus parainfluenza 3. Nature, 185: 549–550. [Google Scholar] (7) Dawson, P. S. 1963. The nature of substances present in normal bovine sera inhibiting the activity of parainfluenza 3 virus. J. Comp. Path., 73: 428–436. [Google Scholar] and bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) virus (5) Bakos, K and Dinier, Z. 1960. Identification of a bovine mucosal disease virus isolated in Sweden as myxovirus parainfluenza 3. Nature, 185: 549–550. [Google Scholar] (7) Dawson, P. S. 1963. The nature of substances present in normal bovine sera inhibiting the activity of parainfluenza 3 virus. J. Comp. Path., 73: 428–436. [Google Scholar] (l0) Dean, R. A. and Burgess, G. W. 1976. A survey of New Zealand cattle sera for antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. N.Z. vet. J., 24: 198–200. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar] appear on serological grounds to be widespread. A serological survey by Fastier and Hansen (7) Dawson, P. S. 1963. The nature of substances present in normal bovine sera inhibiting the activity of parainfluenza 3 virus. J. Comp. Path., 73: 428–436. [Google Scholar] also suggests that parainfluenza type 3 (PI 3) virus is common in the North Island. 相似文献
20.
Abstract Extract Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus has been associated with respiratory infection (Webster and Manktelow, 1959 Webster, R. C. and Manktelow, B. W. 1959. Some; observations on bovine rhinotracheitis in New Zealand. N.Z. vet. J., 7: 143–148. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]) and genital infections (Manktelow and Hansen, 1961 Manketlow, B. W. and Hansen, N. F. 1961. The isolation of a cytopathic agent resembling the virus of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis from an outbreak of pustular vulvovaginitis in cattle. N.Z. vet. J., 9: 136–140. [Google Scholar]) in New Zealand. The possible role of IBR virus in abortion has been reviewed by Durham ( 1974 Durham, P. J. K. 1974. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virusand its role in bovine abortion. N.Z. vet. J., 22: 175–179. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]). 相似文献
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