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养鱼的饲料成本始终占整个养殖成本的85％左右（池塘和固定资产折旧除外），所以降低饲料成本是降低整个养殖过程成本的关键，是提高池塘养殖经济效益最大化的主要因素之一，特别在水产品市场价格不稳定时，因地制宜从实际出发，开发利用农村大量价格低廉农作物秸秆、畜禽粪便等作为养鱼饲料，降低饲料成本，提高水产品市场竞争力具有重要意义。本试验是用玉米、花生、山芋秸秆和鸡粪为主要原料，经过晒干、打粉、 相似文献
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水产养殖的实质是一种以"物"换"物"的过程,也就是通过水产养殖,把饵料或肥料转化为水产品的过程.水产养殖单位面积产量的高低和经济效益的好坏,在很大程度上取决于使用的饵料是否合理和投饵的技术是否科学.对于水产养殖来说,正确合理地选用饵料,科学合理地投喂,是促进养殖动物快速生长,提高饵料转化率,降低饵料成本,提高经济效益的关键.饵料投喂是水产养殖中的一大关键环节,只有正确把握饲养鱼类的投饵数量,科学投喂,才能提高饵料的利用率,保证养鱼增产增收增效.目前对于鱼类的研究多集中于鱼类养殖技术、营养和饵料开发方面,对于科学的饵料投喂的报道较为少见.而这方面的研究结果对于我们开展水产养殖业、提高效益、节省成本以及在环境保护方面是很重要的.因此,科学把握水产养殖中饵料投喂显得尤为重要.投饵技术包括投饵量的确定、投饵时间、投饵次数、投饵方法和投饵原则.下面就投饵技术几个方面以及饵料投喂存在的问题进行阐述,期望能使读者对科学投饵有一个清晰的认识,并且对于解决饵料投喂存在的问题提供借鉴. 相似文献
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随着驻马店市池塘养殖技术水平的提高,鱼用颗粒饲料被养殖户普遍接受,目前许多精养鲤、鲫、草鱼池塘中饲料成本已占整个养殖成本的70%～80%。科学的投饵方法有利于提高饵料利用率,减少浪费,降低饵料系数,提高水产养殖效益。根据笔者的实践经验将鱼用颗粒饲料投喂技术介绍如下: 相似文献
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饵料系数又称饲料系数，是指投喂的饲料量与养殖对象总净增产量的比值。其比值越小，表示增加单位水产品产量所用的饲料越少。也即饵料系数越低。降低了饲料成本。提高了养殖的经济效益。现将降低饵料系数的关键技术介绍如下。 相似文献
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饵料系数又称饲料系数。是指投喂的饲料量与养殖对象总净增产量的比值。其比值越小,表示增加单位水产品产量所用的饲料越少。因此比值越小,也即饵数系数越低,也就是降低了饲料成本,提高了养殖的经济效益。在养殖过程中,降低饵料系数是一个系统工程,贯穿在养殖生产中的全过程。现将降低饵料系数的关键技术介绍如下: 相似文献
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水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。 相似文献
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The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms. 相似文献
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《水生生物资源》2003,16(5):461-465
Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season). 相似文献
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该研究通过肉眼观察、镜检,进行干露、饥饿、盐度突降、福尔马林等抗性试验,并采用病毒检测等方法,以期建立评估斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）虾苗活力和质量标准。结果表明,斑节对虾健康虾苗具有趋光性、集群性,体表光洁,肌肉透亮,肠胃食物充盈等特性。测试虾苗干露时间以15min为宜,健康虾苗干露后能立即恢复活力,而病弱虾苗多出现死亡、昏迷现象;虾苗的成活率随饥饿时间的延长而降低,随福尔马林浓度升高和时间延长而降低,随盐度突降幅度增加而降低。健康虾苗能忍受100～200μL·L^-1福尔马林溶液30min,成活率近100％;在盐度20～30下虾苗的成活情况较好,而其在淡水中仅能存活1h。对虾苗进行病毒检测,可以避免养殖中因虾苗携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。 相似文献
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鳟鱼发眼卵和旨种运输是养鳟生产的重要环节。发眼卵多在冬季和早春运输,苗种多在晚春和夏季运输。苗种运输大多以鱼篓充氧进行短距离汽车运输,长途运输冷水性鱼苗种的实例很少。本文总结了金鳟和虹鳟苗种长途运输方法,以期与养鳟业界共同交流提高。一、包装材料和方法内包装材料是苗种运输专用塑料袋,规格54×104cm,外包装是泡沫塑料箱,规格63.5×45.5×30．5cm,纸箱规格64×46×32．5cm。塑料袋采取双层式,内装苗种和水共12.5kg,其中苗种0.5-1．3kg,100－2000尾。起运前苗种停食1－2天。运鱼用水水温调至6℃,鱼、水入袋后袋内… 相似文献
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该研究选取具有多态性的6对微卫星引物对构建的2批合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)完全双列杂交家系的遗传多样性进行了分析。6个微卫星标记在9个家系360个个体中共检测到32个等位基因,有效等位基因(Ne)为1.758 7~3.586 5,观测杂合度(Ho)为0.144 4~0.488 9,期望杂合度(He)为0.432 0~0.722 2,Shannon指数(I)为0.691 9~1.507 4。9个家系都有单态位点,平均Ho为0.129 2~0.466 7,平均He为0.155 0~0.439 6,平均I为0.248 5~0.712 2。有19个位点(占35.19%)极显著地偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡。各家系之间的遗传距离为0.109 0~1.137 2,遗传相似性系数为0.320 7~0.896 8。家系L4B46与L4B48的遗传距离最大,与D3D313的遗传距离最小。UPGMA法聚类分析显示,9个家系分为3支,L4B48单独成一支,B4D426、B4D427与D4B445聚成一支,其余家系聚成一支。该研究结果为合浦珠母贝家系选择育种的亲本选择与交配设计提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。 相似文献
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Peter Howgate 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(5):516-532
It is well-established in fish technology that freshness should be measured primarily by sensory procedures, though considerable effort has been expended in looking for nonsensory alternatives. A variety of methods for sensory evaluation of freshness has been described and this historical review traces developments of these methods. Much of the source material derives from the research literature such as research journals and reports of research, and the use of sensory methods in commercial quality control has scarcely been documented. There is a brief discussion of possible future developments in sensory evaluation of freshness. 相似文献